【摘要】：扭矩和轉(zhuǎn)速是離心泵最重要的兩個運(yùn)行參數(shù),它們是相互聯(lián)系相互影響的整體,共同反映著離心泵內(nèi)部流動狀態(tài)。離心泵—電機(jī)作為一個整體系統(tǒng),在實(shí)際運(yùn)行過程中,由電機(jī)產(chǎn)生的扭矩通過轉(zhuǎn)子軸系帶動離心泵葉輪旋轉(zhuǎn)對流體做功并將能量傳遞給流體,是一個水—機(jī)—電三物理場耦合的過程,因此研究離心泵扭矩和轉(zhuǎn)速的非定常特性對于掌握離心泵—電機(jī)系統(tǒng)的能量轉(zhuǎn)換機(jī)理具有十分重要的意義。目前迅速發(fā)展的無傳感器監(jiān)測技術(shù),即是通過電機(jī)電信號對離心泵的扭矩和轉(zhuǎn)速進(jìn)行提取,結(jié)合不同流態(tài)下扭矩和轉(zhuǎn)速的特征,實(shí)現(xiàn)離心泵的流態(tài)診斷。因此,對離心泵扭矩和轉(zhuǎn)速非定常特性的研究也將為無傳感器監(jiān)測方法提供理論支持�？紤]到在離心泵實(shí)際運(yùn)行中水—機(jī)—電的耦合作用,對離心泵扭矩和轉(zhuǎn)速的仿真,必須建立水機(jī)電三物理場耦合的聯(lián)合仿真方法,該方法更加貼合物理實(shí)際,也將為離心泵非定常特性研究提供新的思路。基于此,本文提出了一種能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)水—機(jī)—電聯(lián)合仿真的方法,采用試驗研究和數(shù)值仿真相結(jié)合的方式,對離心泵扭矩和轉(zhuǎn)速的非定常特性進(jìn)行了研究。本研究的主要工作和創(chuàng)新點(diǎn)有:1、建立了簡單可行的離心泵水—機(jī)—電聯(lián)合仿真方法,使離心泵扭矩和轉(zhuǎn)速的非定常仿真成為可能,為離心泵內(nèi)部非定常流動特性的研究提供了新的思路。充分考慮了電機(jī)電磁力矩、轉(zhuǎn)子軸系的響應(yīng)特征、離心泵內(nèi)部流場的非定常特性三者間的綜合作用,最終建立了Fluent—MATLAB/Simulink聯(lián)合仿真平臺。2、搭建了基于虛擬儀器的試驗采集平臺,利用軸編碼器基于變M/T法對轉(zhuǎn)速的瞬態(tài)數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行了高精度的測量。通過Labview編寫程序?qū)υ囼灁?shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行監(jiān)測與采集,利用軸編碼器基于變M/T法編寫的轉(zhuǎn)速采集程序,能夠準(zhǔn)確地捕捉到轉(zhuǎn)速的動態(tài)變化,動態(tài)性能良好,數(shù)據(jù)精確度高。3、基于試驗數(shù)據(jù),對離心泵扭矩的非定常特性進(jìn)行了系統(tǒng)的分析,建立了扭矩的時頻特征譜。在時域上,離心泵的扭矩隨著流量的增大近似線性增加,而扭矩波動程度則隨著流量的增大而趨于平穩(wěn);在頻域上,建立了不同流量及空化程度下扭矩的頻率特征譜。在空化條件下,離心泵的扭矩具有明顯的特征,本文建立了不同流量下離心泵扭矩的空化特性曲線。在不同流量及空化條件下,扭矩的主頻均為軸頻,波動程度與流量和空化狀態(tài)無關(guān),泵內(nèi)部流動狀態(tài)對扭矩主頻作用不明顯。4、基于試驗數(shù)據(jù),對離心泵轉(zhuǎn)速的非定常特性進(jìn)行了系統(tǒng)的分析,分別在時域、頻域和時頻聯(lián)合域?qū)﹄x心泵的轉(zhuǎn)速進(jìn)行了研究,建立了轉(zhuǎn)速的時頻特征譜。在時域上,轉(zhuǎn)速隨流量的增大而降低,空化初生時轉(zhuǎn)速波動程度最大;在頻域上,獲得了不同流量及不同空化程度下頻域特征譜;在時頻聯(lián)合域上,轉(zhuǎn)速信號的主要能量集中在39Hz-46.9Hz,該部分能量占整個轉(zhuǎn)速信號能量的50%以上。
[Abstract]:Torque and rotational speed are the two most important operating parameters of centrifugal pump. They are the whole of interrelation and mutual influence and reflect the flow state of centrifugal pump together. Centrifugal pump-motor as a whole system, in the actual operation process, the torque generated by the motor through the rotor shaft to drive the centrifugal pump impeller rotation work on the fluid and transfer the energy to the fluid, The study of the unsteady characteristics of torque and rotational speed of centrifugal pump is very important for mastering the energy conversion mechanism of centrifugal pump motor system. At present, sensorless monitoring technology is developed rapidly, that is, the torque and speed of centrifugal pump are extracted by electrical signal of motor, and the characteristics of torque and speed under different flow state are combined to realize the diagnosis of flow state of centrifugal pump. Therefore, the research on the unsteady characteristics of torque and speed of centrifugal pump will also provide theoretical support for sensorless monitoring. Considering the coupling effect of water, machine and electricity in the actual operation of centrifugal pump, the simulation of torque and rotational speed of centrifugal pump must be carried out by establishing a joint simulation method of coupling of three physical fields of water electromechanical, which is more in line with physical reality, It will also provide new ideas for the study of the unsteady characteristics of centrifugal pumps. Based on this, this paper presents a method to realize the combined simulation of water, machine and electricity. The unsteady characteristics of torque and rotational speed of centrifugal pump are studied by the combination of experimental research and numerical simulation. The main work and innovation of this study are as follows: 1. A simple and feasible simulation method of centrifugal pump with water, machine and electricity is established, which makes it possible to simulate the torque and rotational speed of centrifugal pump unsteady. It provides a new idea for the study of unsteady flow characteristics in centrifugal pump. Considering the electromagnetic torque of the motor, the response characteristics of rotor shafting and the unsteady characteristics of the flow field in the centrifugal pump, the combined simulation platform of Fluent-MATLAB/Simulink. 2 is established, and the experimental acquisition platform based on virtual instrument is built. Based on the variable M / T method, the shaft encoder is used to measure the rotational speed with high accuracy. The Labview program is used to monitor and collect the test data, and the rotational speed acquisition program based on the variable M / T method is used to capture the dynamic change of the rotational speed accurately, and the dynamic performance is good. Based on the experimental data, the unsteady characteristic of torque of centrifugal pump is analyzed systematically, and the time-frequency characteristic spectrum of torque is established. In time domain, the torque of centrifugal pump increases linearly with the increase of flow rate, while the fluctuation degree of torque tends to be stable with the increase of flow rate. In frequency domain, the frequency characteristic spectrum of torque with different flow rate and cavitation degree is established. Under cavitation conditions, the torque of centrifugal pump has obvious characteristics. In this paper, the cavitation characteristic curve of centrifugal pump torque with different flow rate is established. Under different flow and cavitation conditions, the main frequency of torque is axial frequency, and the fluctuation degree is independent of flow rate and cavitation state. The unsteady characteristics of centrifugal pump speed are systematically analyzed. The rotational speed of centrifugal pump is studied in time domain, frequency domain and time-frequency combined domain, respectively, and the time-frequency characteristic spectrum of speed is established. In time domain, the rotational speed decreases with the increase of flow rate, and the fluctuation degree of rotational speed is the greatest at the beginning of cavitation. In frequency domain, the characteristic spectrum of frequency domain is obtained under different flow rate and different cavitation degree; in time-frequency joint domain, the characteristic spectrum of frequency domain is obtained. The main energy of the rotational speed signal is 39Hz-46.9 Hz, which accounts for more than 50% of the total rotational speed signal energy.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：江蘇大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TH311

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