本文選題：運行沖擊系數(shù) + 軌道接頭處誤差��； 參考：《太原科技大學》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：在軌道或不平的道路上運行的起重機會在垂直方向產(chǎn)生沖擊動力效應,所產(chǎn)生的沖擊效應取決于整機的結構、車輪直徑和運行速度及軌道接頭處的狀況等。而垂直沖擊動力效應會造成整機垂直方向上的機械振動,進而降低起重機的運行性能。軌道接頭處結構上的原因損壞了鋼軌的連續(xù)性,降低了軌道的承載能力,增加了起重機運行的阻力和沖擊。接頭是軌道中的脆弱環(huán)節(jié),在起重機運行到接頭處時,接頭處會承受很大的沖擊力。運行著的起重機因此會受到同樣大小、方向相反的反作用力。進而對在軌道上運行著的起重機造成重大安全隱患,本文針對軌道接頭處對起重機運行產(chǎn)生的垂直沖擊動力效應問題,進行理論性分析,為軌道接頭處存在的隱患提供理論上的支持。本文利用的主要原理及方法:針對起重機軌道接頭處引起垂直沖擊動力效應的問題,建立了起重機運行在高低錯位接頭軌道上所引起的動載荷輪-軌剛體動力學模型,分析軌道缺陷對起重機運行沖擊的影響度。根據(jù)等效單自由度系統(tǒng)在接頭處的響應建立輪-軌系統(tǒng)運動微分方程,獲得等效單自由度系統(tǒng)在接頭處的運行沖擊表達式,并與ISO8686-1:2012《起重機載荷與載荷組合的設計原則第1部分:總則》中接頭處所引起的垂直沖擊動力效應公式進行比對分析,進而為GB/T3811-2008《起重機設計規(guī)范》與ISO8686-1:2012《起重機載荷與載荷組合的設計原則第1部分:總則》方法的適用性提供理論依據(jù)。本文主要內容有:(1)在分析了解了國內外軌道上運行起重機(重點鑄造式起重機)的發(fā)展趨勢和研究現(xiàn)狀的前提下,強調了本文論題研究在業(yè)內的重要性及緊迫性,并結合實例闡述了本課題的重大實際意義。進而提出了本課題的研究技術路線和擬解決的問題。(2)對國際標準ISO8686-1:2012《起重機載荷與載荷組合的設計原則第1部分:總則》中給出的接頭處垂直沖擊效應進行了詳細的分析和介紹。并對其中關于系數(shù)?和系數(shù)?關系的正確性提出質疑,在基于MATLAB(R2010a)分析得到的系數(shù)?和系數(shù)?的關系函數(shù)曲線的基礎之上對其做了修正。(3)針對軌道接頭處對運行在其上的起重機會產(chǎn)生垂直沖擊動力的問題,本文提出了新的分析垂直沖擊動力效應的理論計算方法。將整個起重機在軌道上運行經(jīng)過接頭的過程分為車輪經(jīng)過接頭處時和車輪越過接頭處后兩個過程進行分析,并獲得整個過程中最大的垂直沖擊動力效應。以此為前提獲得運行沖擊系數(shù)的表達式,并與修正后國際標準ISO8686-1:2012《起重機載荷與載荷組合的設計原則第1部分:總則》中的運行沖擊效應表達式和國家標準GB3811-2008給出的計算運行沖擊系數(shù)的經(jīng)驗公式進行對比分析。(4)基于ANSYS/ADAMS軟件進行仿真分析一節(jié),分別對有限元法和虛擬樣機技術進行了簡要的介紹。對有限元法的基本原理及其解決問題的步驟進行了簡單描述,本文采用世界范圍內廣泛應用的有限元分析(FEA)軟件—ANSYS軟件進行參數(shù)化建模分析。并結合基于機械系統(tǒng)動力學自動分析軟件ADAMS進行運動學、動力學分析。接著對ADAMS軟件的動力學分析算法、初始條件分析、求解方式及求解算法進行了簡單介紹。
[Abstract]:The lifting opportunity that runs on a track or uneven road produces an impact power effect in the vertical direction. The impact effect depends on the structure of the whole machine, the diameter of the wheel, the speed of the running and the condition of the rail joint, etc. the vertical impact force will cause mechanical vibration on the vertical square of the whole machine, and then reduce the transport of the crane. The structural reasons of the rail joint damage the continuity of the rail, reduce the bearing capacity of the track, increase the resistance and impact of the crane operation. The joint is a fragile link in the track. When the crane runs to the joint, the joint will bear a great impact. The running crane will be the same size, In this paper, a theoretical analysis is made for the problem of vertical impact dynamic effect on the crane running at the rail joint. The theoretical support is provided for the hidden dangers existing in the rail joint. The main principles and methods used in this paper are as follows: In view of the problem of the vertical impact dynamic effect caused by the crane rail joint, the dynamic model of the dynamic load wheel rail rigid body caused by the crane running on the high and low dislocation rail is set up, and the influence degree of the track defect on the operation impact of the crane is analyzed. The wheel rail system is established according to the response of the equivalent single degree of freedom system at the joint. The differential equation of motion is used to obtain the expression of the impact of the equivalent single degree of freedom system at the joint, and the first part of the design principle of the load and load combination of the ISO8686-1:2012< crane: the comparison and analysis of the formula of the vertical impact dynamic effect caused by the general general > middle joint, and the design specification for the GB/T3811-2008< crane and ISO8686- The first part of the design principle of load and load combination of 1:2012< crane provides theoretical basis for the applicability of general principles. The main contents of this paper are as follows: (1) on the basis of analysis and understanding of the development trend and research status of crane (key casting crane) on the domestic and foreign orbits, it emphasizes the importance of the thesis research in the industry. The important practical significance of this subject is expounded with examples, and the research technical route and the problems to be solved are put forward. (2) the first part of the design principle of the load and load combination of the international standard ISO8686-1:2012< crane: the detailed analysis of the vertical impact effect at the joint given in the general rule. The correctness of the coefficient and coefficient relationship is questioned, and the correction is made on the basis of the relation function curve of coefficient? And coefficient based on MATLAB (R2010a) analysis. (3) this paper presents a new problem for the vertical impact of the lifting opportunity at the rail joint. The theoretical calculation method for analyzing the dynamic effect of vertical impact is analyzed. The process of running the whole crane through the joint in the track is divided into two processes, when the wheel passes through the joint and the wheel passes through the joint, and the maximum vertical impact force effect is obtained in the whole process. The first part of the design principle of the combined load and load of the revised international standard ISO8686-1:2012< crane: the expression of the impact effect in the general rule and the empirical formula of the impact coefficient given by the national standard GB3811-2008. (4) based on the ANSYS/ADAMS software, the simulation analysis is carried out, respectively. The basic principle of the finite element method and the steps to solve the problem are briefly described. In this paper, the parametric modeling and analysis of the FEA software, ANSYS software, which are widely used worldwide, are used in this paper, and the software A based on the automatic mechanical system dynamics analysis software is combined. DAMS carries out kinematics and dynamics analysis. Then, the dynamic analysis algorithm, initial condition analysis, solution method and solving algorithm of ADAMS software are briefly introduced.
【學位授予單位】：太原科技大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TH21

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