本文選題：唇形油封 + 靜態(tài)接觸特性��； 參考：《浙江工業(yè)大學(xué)》2016年博士論文

【摘要】：唇形油封由于結(jié)構(gòu)簡單、性能可靠、安裝方便和價(jià)格低廉等優(yōu)點(diǎn),廣泛應(yīng)用于機(jī)械旋轉(zhuǎn)軸的密封場合,其功能是將油腔和外界環(huán)境相隔離,起到對內(nèi)封油、對外防塵的作用,是目前最常用的密封件之一。但是,由于油封密封機(jī)理復(fù)雜,影響密封性能的因素繁多,人們對油封產(chǎn)品的設(shè)計(jì)很大程度上仍然依靠經(jīng)驗(yàn)和試驗(yàn)完成。隨著現(xiàn)代機(jī)械工況參數(shù)向著高溫、高速和高壓等方向發(fā)展,唇形油封面臨著零泄漏、低摩擦和長壽命等更加苛刻的性能要求,而傳統(tǒng)的油封設(shè)計(jì)方法和產(chǎn)品顯然難以滿足上述需求,因此,開展油封密封性能的理論和實(shí)驗(yàn)研究具有重要的應(yīng)用價(jià)值�；诖�,本文采用理論分析、數(shù)值模擬和實(shí)驗(yàn)研究相結(jié)合的方法,開展油封靜態(tài)接觸特性、密封性能,以及軸表面織構(gòu)流體效應(yīng)的研究,主要研究內(nèi)容和取得的成果如下:(1)分析了唇形油封的結(jié)構(gòu)和安裝特點(diǎn),建立了油封的二維軸對稱有限元模型,獲得了安裝過盈量、橡膠彈性模量、油封內(nèi)徑參數(shù)和材料本構(gòu)模型等因素對油封唇口接觸壓力、接觸寬度和徑向力的影響規(guī)律,計(jì)算得到的油封唇口接觸應(yīng)力和變形分布符合實(shí)際工作狀態(tài),徑向力與工程計(jì)算值吻合較好,研究成果有助于油封結(jié)構(gòu)的優(yōu)化,并可進(jìn)一步為油封密封性能理論模型的研究提供基礎(chǔ)數(shù)據(jù);(2)分析了油封唇口的潤滑與密封機(jī)理,提出了油封穩(wěn)態(tài)工作潤滑與密封的數(shù)學(xué)模型,考慮了唇口密封區(qū)液膜空化現(xiàn)象和表面橡膠彈性變形的影響,建立了遵循質(zhì)量守恒的JFO空化邊界條件的潤滑力學(xué)控制方程,并采用流線迎風(fēng)有限元法求解控制方程,計(jì)算了等膜厚和等閉合力下油封的密封性能,獲得了油封操作參數(shù)、表面形貌結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)和材料參數(shù)對泵送率、承載力和摩擦扭矩等密封性能參數(shù)的影響規(guī)律;(3)為提升唇形油封的密封性能,提出了軸表面設(shè)置方向性微織構(gòu)的手段,采用數(shù)值方法研究了菱形、橢圓形、矩形和等腰三角形等4種軸表面微凹坑/凸體織構(gòu)的流體動(dòng)壓效應(yīng),分析了軸表面織構(gòu)的形式、幾何參數(shù)對油封密封性能的影響,獲得了相同條件下矩形微織構(gòu)優(yōu)于其他3種織構(gòu),微凸體織構(gòu)優(yōu)于微凹坑織構(gòu)的作用規(guī)律;(4)由于軸表面微凹坑織構(gòu)較微凸體容易加工實(shí)現(xiàn),實(shí)驗(yàn)對比研究了菱形、橢圓形、矩形和等腰三角形等微凹坑織構(gòu)類型對丁腈橡膠油封摩擦扭矩的影響,以及實(shí)驗(yàn)研究了矩形微凹坑織構(gòu)方向性角度、面積密度和深度對油封摩擦扭矩的作用規(guī)律,并和數(shù)值模擬結(jié)果進(jìn)行了對比,得到了初步的驗(yàn)證。論文成果完善了油封的設(shè)計(jì)理論與方法,對于提升油封的密封性能和使用壽命具有重要的理論價(jià)值和實(shí)際意義。
[Abstract]:Because of the advantages of simple structure, reliable performance, convenient installation and low price, the lip oil seal is widely used in the sealing occasions of the mechanical rotary shaft. Its function is to isolate the oil chamber from the external environment and play the role of sealing the oil inside and preventing dust from the outside. Is one of the most commonly used seals. However, because of the complexity of the sealing mechanism and the variety of factors affecting the seal performance, the design of oil seal products still depends on experience and test to a great extent. With the development of modern mechanical parameters towards high temperature, high speed and high pressure, the lip seal is faced with more stringent performance requirements such as zero leakage, low friction and long life. However, the traditional oil seal design methods and products are obviously difficult to meet the above requirements. Therefore, it is of great value to carry out the theoretical and experimental research on the seal performance of oil seal. Based on this, this paper studies the static contact characteristics, sealing performance and axial surface texture fluid effect of oil seal by means of theoretical analysis, numerical simulation and experimental study. The main research contents and results obtained are as follows: (1) the structure and installation characteristics of the lip seal are analyzed, the two-dimensional axisymmetric finite element model of the oil seal is established, and the installation interference and rubber elastic modulus are obtained. The influence of parameters of inner diameter and material constitutive model on the contact pressure, contact width and radial force of oil seal lip is studied. The calculated distribution of contact stress and deformation of oil seal lip is in accordance with the actual working state. The radial force is in good agreement with the engineering calculation value, and the research results are helpful to the optimization of the oil seal structure, and can provide the basic data for the study of the theoretical model of the seal performance.) the lubrication and sealing mechanism of the oil seal lip are analyzed. A mathematical model of the steady working lubrication and sealing of oil seal is presented. Considering the cavitation phenomenon of liquid film and the elastic deformation of rubber surface in the lip seal region, the governing equation of lubrication mechanics is established, which follows the JFO cavitation boundary condition of mass conservation. The control equation is solved by streamline upwind finite element method, and the sealing performance of oil seal under equal film thickness and equal closing force is calculated. The operating parameters, surface structure parameters and material parameters of oil seal are obtained. In order to improve the seal performance of lip oil seal, a method of setting directional microtexture on the shaft surface is proposed, and the rhombus and oval shape are studied by numerical method. The hydrodynamic pressure effect of four kinds of axial surface microcrater / convex texture, such as rectangle and isosceles triangle, is analyzed. The effects of the form of axial surface texture and geometric parameters on the sealing performance of oil seal are analyzed. Under the same condition, rectangular microtexture is superior to other three kinds of texture, and microconvex texture is superior to microconcave texture. The effect of texture types such as rectangle and isosceles triangle on friction torque of nitrile rubber oil seal was studied. The effect of orientation angle, area density and depth of rectangular microcrater texture on friction torque of oil seal was studied experimentally. The results are compared with the numerical simulation results, and the results are preliminarily verified. The paper has perfected the design theory and method of oil seal, which has important theoretical value and practical significance for improving seal performance and service life of oil seal.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：浙江工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：TH136

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