發(fā)布時間：2018-05-13 19:30

  本文選題：齒輪傳動系統(tǒng) + 振動響應(yīng)機(jī)理��； 參考：《華南理工大學(xué)》2015年博士論文

【摘要】：當(dāng)齒輪傳動系統(tǒng)某一部件出現(xiàn)故障時,常常會誘發(fā)其他故障的發(fā)生和惡化,再受到信號傳遞路徑以及其正常嚙合振動的影響,不同激勵源產(chǎn)生的振動信號相互耦合,增加了故障診斷的難度。深入研究齒輪系統(tǒng)各類故障振動響應(yīng)的演化機(jī)理和特征提取方法,具有重要的理論研究意義和工程應(yīng)用價值。建立齒輪傳動系統(tǒng)動力學(xué)模型,揭示了齒輪嚙合頻率高階特征及其調(diào)制邊頻帶的產(chǎn)生機(jī)理。齒輪受載后的靜彈性變形與嚙合動剛度的相互作用以及系統(tǒng)的非線性反饋是嚙合頻率高階特征產(chǎn)生的主要原因。平穩(wěn)型故障導(dǎo)致的齒輪副周節(jié)位移誤差激勵與嚙合動剛度的相互作用誘發(fā)故障齒輪轉(zhuǎn)頻調(diào)制嚙合頻率的邊頻帶;沖擊型故障激勵的脈沖力序列誘發(fā)齒輪沖擊故障頻率調(diào)制輪系固有頻率,并與嚙合動剛度負(fù)反饋作用使振動響應(yīng)中出現(xiàn)“虛假”共振峰,但所有的共振頻帶都是被沖擊故障頻率在全頻帶內(nèi)等間隔離散化。建立了正常行星輪系振動響應(yīng)耦合調(diào)制信號模型。受嚙合點與固定位置傳感器之間傳遞路徑函數(shù)和嚙合力在傳感器坐標(biāo)方向投影函數(shù)的影響,傳感器采集到的振動響應(yīng)表現(xiàn)出行星架轉(zhuǎn)頻調(diào)制嚙合頻率的等間隔邊頻帶特征。傳遞路徑函數(shù)和方向投影函數(shù)均是周期函數(shù),可用傅里葉級數(shù)展開,基頻為行星架的轉(zhuǎn)頻,展開的階次決定了調(diào)制邊頻帶的寬度。均布式行星輪系的振動響應(yīng)只在行星輪個數(shù)的整倍數(shù)頻率處存在幅值,當(dāng)嚙合頻率及其高階倍頻是行星輪個數(shù)的整倍數(shù)時,嚙合頻率成分有幅值,且調(diào)制邊頻帶對稱分布;反之,嚙合頻率成分的幅值為零,調(diào)制邊頻帶非對稱分布。提出了一種基于嚙合頻率和頻譜校正技術(shù)的齒輪箱振動響應(yīng)階次跟蹤分析方法。該方法融合了時頻分布的矩估計和峰值搜索法,但能克服矩估計不適用于多分量信號的提取和峰值搜索法在時頻分辨率上的限制;通過提取嚙合頻率成分,再間接獲得瞬時轉(zhuǎn)速成分,克服了振動加速度傳感器采集信號中頻率較低的轉(zhuǎn)頻成分幅值小,難以直接提取的難點。經(jīng)過能量重心法校正后,可獲得高精度的齒輪箱瞬時轉(zhuǎn)速估計值,顯著提高階次分析的頻率和幅值估計精度。風(fēng)電齒輪箱振動信號階次跟蹤仿真分析中,提取的輸出軸瞬時轉(zhuǎn)速估計值的最大相對誤差僅為0.024%,前四階嚙合頻率幅值的估計值的最大相對誤差僅為2.09%。汽車變速器試驗和風(fēng)電復(fù)合式齒輪箱的工程應(yīng)用驗證了該方法的有效性和實用性。提出了一種新的齒輪箱混合故障耦合調(diào)制信號分離方法,該方法將具有明確物理意義的平穩(wěn)調(diào)制字典和沖擊調(diào)制字典、相關(guān)濾波法、頻譜校正和優(yōu)化匹配追蹤有機(jī)的結(jié)合在一起,應(yīng)用于齒輪和軸承故障診斷。建立的平穩(wěn)調(diào)制字典和沖擊調(diào)制字典融合了齒輪系統(tǒng)故障機(jī)理、齒輪箱的結(jié)構(gòu)和運行參數(shù)、實測振動信號的特征,物理意義明確,兼具解析字典和學(xué)習(xí)字典的優(yōu)點。應(yīng)用比值校正法從實測振動信號中獲得諧波原子參數(shù)的精確解,優(yōu)化平穩(wěn)調(diào)制字典,并對匹配分解系數(shù)進(jìn)行幅值恢復(fù),提高了平穩(wěn)調(diào)制成分的分離精度�；谙嚓P(guān)濾波法的沖擊響應(yīng)原子參數(shù)優(yōu)化,能大幅度地降低沖擊調(diào)制字典的冗余度;分段匹配追蹤方法,降低了稀疏系數(shù)求解過程中內(nèi)積計算的點數(shù),達(dá)到提高信號稀疏分解速度的目的。通過仿真分析和試驗測試驗證了所提方法具備分離齒輪和軸承混合故障信號的能力。
[Abstract]:When one part of the gear transmission system fails, it often induces the occurrence and deterioration of other faults, and is influenced by the signal transmission path and its normal meshing vibration. The vibration signals produced by different excitation sources are coupled to each other, and the difficulty of the fault diagnosis is increased. The evolution machine of various fault vibration responses of the gear system is studied in depth. The method of theory and feature extraction has important theoretical research significance and engineering application value. The dynamic model of gear transmission system is set up, which reveals the high order characteristic of gear meshing frequency and the generation mechanism of the modulation edge frequency band. The interaction of the static elastic deformation with the meshing dynamic stiffness after the gear loading and the nonlinear feedback of the system are meshing. The main reason for the high order characteristic of the frequency is that the interaction between the gear pair and the meshing dynamic stiffness induced by the stationary fault induces the side frequency band of the gear frequency modulation of the fault gear, and the pulse force sequence of the shock type excitation induces the natural frequency of the gear shock fault frequency modulation wheel, and it is engaged with the meshing movement. The "false" resonance peak is found in the vibration response, but all the resonance bands are isolated and dispersed in the whole frequency band. The coupling modulation signal model of the normal planetary gear system is established. The transmission path function and the meshing force between the meshing point and the fixed position sensor are used in sensing. The vibration response of the sensor is influenced by the projection function of the coordinate direction. The vibration response of the sensor is characterized by the equal interval band of the frequency modulation of the trip star frame. The transfer path function and the direction projection function are periodic functions, which can be expanded by Fourier series, the fundamental frequency is the conversion of the planetary frame, and the order of the expansion determines the width of the band width of the modulated edge. The vibration response of the uniform planetary gear train is only amplitude at the frequency of the number of planetary gear. When the meshing frequency and its high order frequency doubling is the integer of the number of planetary gear, the meshing frequency component has the amplitude, and the modulation side frequency band is symmetrical distribution; conversely, the amplitude of the meshing frequency is zero and the modulation side frequency band is asymmetrical. A step tracking analysis method for gearbox vibration response based on meshing frequency and spectrum correction technology is used. The method combines moment estimation and peak search method of time frequency distribution, but it can overcome the moment estimation not suitable for the extraction of multicomponent signals and the limitation of the peak search method on the time frequency resolution. The instantaneous speed component is obtained indirectly, which overcomes the difficulty of the small amplitude of the frequency conversion component of the vibration acceleration sensor, which is low in the middle frequency of the acquisition signal. After the correction of the energy center of gravity, the estimation of the instantaneous speed of the gearbox can be obtained, and the frequency and amplitude estimation accuracy of the order analysis can be greatly improved. The wind power gear box is improved. In the simulation analysis of the order tracking of vibration signals, the maximum relative error of the estimated instantaneous speed of the output shaft is only 0.024%. The maximum relative error of the estimated value of the first four order meshing frequency amplitude is only the engineering application of the 2.09%. automobile transmission test and the wind electric compound gear box. The validity and practicability of the method are proved. A new hybrid fault coupled modulation signal separation method for gearbox is introduced. This method combines the stationary modulation dictionary with the impact modulation dictionary, the correlation filter method, the spectrum correction and the optimal matching tracking. It is applied to the diagnosis of gear and bearing barrier. The stationary modulation dictionary and impact modulation are established. The dictionary combines the fault mechanism of the gear system, the structure and operating parameters of the gear box, the characteristics of the measured vibration signals, the physical meaning, the advantages of both the Analytical Dictionary and the learning dictionary. The exact solution of the harmonic atomic parameters is obtained from the measured vibration signals by the ratio correction method, and the stationary modulation dictionary is optimized and the matching decomposition coefficient is added into the dictionary. The recovery of the line amplitude improves the separation precision of the stationary modulation component. The correlation filtering method based on the optimization of the impact response atomic parameters can greatly reduce the redundancy of the impact modulation dictionary. The piecewise matching tracing method reduces the number of inner product points in the sparse coefficient solving process and improves the signal sparse decomposition speed. The simulation and experimental tests show that the proposed method has the ability to separate signals from gear and bearing faults.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：華南理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TH132.41

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本文編號：1884495