本文選題：疲勞損傷累積理論 + 載荷相互作用效應(yīng)��； 參考：《電子科技大學(xué)》2017年博士論文

【摘要】：隨著航空航天、軌道交通、船舶海洋、機(jī)械制造等工業(yè)技術(shù)水平的提高,現(xiàn)代機(jī)械裝備正逐步向大型化、高速化和高性能方向發(fā)展。許多機(jī)械裝備關(guān)鍵零構(gòu)件或結(jié)構(gòu)的服役環(huán)境復(fù)雜,運(yùn)行條件惡劣,導(dǎo)致各類破壞事故頻繁發(fā)生。腐蝕、磨損和疲勞是機(jī)械結(jié)構(gòu)破壞的主要表現(xiàn)形式,其中以疲勞破壞尤為突出。針對(duì)長期承受交變循環(huán)載荷作用的機(jī)械結(jié)構(gòu),疲勞斷裂是其最主要的失效模式,占機(jī)械結(jié)構(gòu)失效總數(shù)的50%~90%。疲勞破壞具有很強(qiáng)的隱蔽性和突發(fā)性,破壞前無明顯的征兆,對(duì)機(jī)械裝備的安全運(yùn)行構(gòu)成了嚴(yán)重威脅,一旦發(fā)生破壞易于造成重大事故和生命財(cái)產(chǎn)損失。機(jī)械裝備零構(gòu)件或結(jié)構(gòu)的疲勞壽命及其可靠性是制約裝備整機(jī)壽命和系統(tǒng)可靠性水平的關(guān)鍵因素。因此,精確地預(yù)測(cè)和評(píng)估機(jī)械結(jié)構(gòu)的壽命和可靠性,是確保其在服役期內(nèi)安全、可靠運(yùn)行的重要保障,對(duì)合理制定維修決策和健康管理計(jì)劃,最大限度地發(fā)揮裝備的使用價(jià)值,提高經(jīng)濟(jì)效益和抗疲勞設(shè)計(jì)等方面均具有重要的理論價(jià)值和現(xiàn)實(shí)意義。由于疲勞失效過程的復(fù)雜性和隨機(jī)性,傳統(tǒng)的壽命預(yù)測(cè)理論和可靠性分析方法還不夠完善,仍存在諸多尚未解決的難題和不足。針對(duì)此,本文以有限壽命設(shè)計(jì)方法和疲勞損傷累積理論為基礎(chǔ),深入開展疲勞損傷失效機(jī)理、壽命預(yù)測(cè)技術(shù)以及可靠性分析方法的研究,采用機(jī)械裝備關(guān)鍵零構(gòu)件的金屬材料試件和焊接結(jié)構(gòu)件的疲勞試驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行模型和方法驗(yàn)證,使現(xiàn)有疲勞分析理論日臻完善,拓展其應(yīng)用范圍。論文主要研究內(nèi)容和成果如下:(1)提出了考慮載荷相互作用效應(yīng)的疲勞損傷等效法則與剩余壽命預(yù)測(cè)方法。針對(duì)變幅加載載荷歷程效應(yīng)的復(fù)雜性以及Miner法則的內(nèi)在缺陷,從損傷累積的角度出發(fā),系統(tǒng)地研究了載荷加載順序及載荷交互效應(yīng)的作用機(jī)制。根據(jù)疲勞失效的“二元判據(jù)”,引入了疲勞損傷狀態(tài)的概念定性地表征材料的受損程度。針對(duì)傳統(tǒng)損傷等效方法的缺陷,提出了考慮載荷相互作用效應(yīng)的疲勞損傷等效法則。在此基礎(chǔ)上,結(jié)合韌性耗散模型,建立了改進(jìn)型剩余壽命預(yù)測(cè)模型,該模型能綜合考慮載荷順序及載荷間交互作用對(duì)損傷發(fā)展和疲勞壽命的影響。(2)提出了基于疲勞驅(qū)動(dòng)能損傷參數(shù)的非線性損傷累積模型與剩余壽命預(yù)測(cè)方法。針對(duì)傳統(tǒng)損傷變量在描述上難以揭示失效過程能量耗散的本質(zhì),以疲勞驅(qū)動(dòng)力模型為基礎(chǔ),運(yùn)用能量準(zhǔn)則,提出了一種描述疲勞失效全過程的驅(qū)動(dòng)能損傷參數(shù)。從失效的能耗過程出發(fā),建立了以驅(qū)動(dòng)能耗散為狀態(tài)參量的疲勞損傷定量方法和非線性損傷累積模型。在此基礎(chǔ)上,運(yùn)用損傷等效原理,推導(dǎo)出剩余壽命預(yù)測(cè)模型表達(dá)式以及考慮載荷相互作用效應(yīng)的改進(jìn)模型,并通過試驗(yàn)設(shè)計(jì)研究了兩種模型的典型非線性特征。(3)提出了基于動(dòng)態(tài)剩余S-N曲線與材料記憶性能退化的修正線性損傷累積準(zhǔn)則。針對(duì)非線性損傷理論計(jì)算量大的缺陷以及Miner法則在工程應(yīng)用上的優(yōu)勢(shì),從剩余壽命和S-N曲線的角度出發(fā),研究了動(dòng)態(tài)剩余S-N曲線和材料記憶性能的退化規(guī)律,通過引入材料記憶退化參數(shù)定量地表征動(dòng)態(tài)剩余S-N曲線的斜率比,提出了一種修正的線性損傷累積準(zhǔn)則。該準(zhǔn)則保留了傳統(tǒng)Miner法則形式上的簡易性,便于疲勞損傷定量分析和壽命估算。通過對(duì)比三種線性損傷模型并結(jié)合試驗(yàn)設(shè)計(jì),詳細(xì)闡述了四種模型存在的共有屬性以及線性損傷增長行為。(4)提出了基于雙線性損傷累積理論的概率模型以及時(shí)變疲勞可靠性分析方法。疲勞失效是一個(gè)損傷不斷累積的動(dòng)態(tài)過程,傳統(tǒng)的基于靜態(tài)的可靠性分析方法無法體現(xiàn)載荷歷程的時(shí)變特征,而基于動(dòng)態(tài)的可靠性分析方法難以揭示失效過程裂紋萌生和裂紋擴(kuò)展的兩階段特性。針對(duì)此,以雙線性損傷累積理論為依據(jù),分別在正態(tài)分布和對(duì)數(shù)正態(tài)分布假設(shè)下,構(gòu)建了概率損傷累積模型。在此基礎(chǔ)上,運(yùn)用應(yīng)力-強(qiáng)度干涉理論,建立了基于“累積損傷-臨界損傷”時(shí)變可靠度模型,實(shí)現(xiàn)了疲勞全壽命周期內(nèi)的可靠度預(yù)測(cè)。
[Abstract]:With the improvement of industrial technology level, such as aeronautics and Astronautics, rail transportation, marine and mechanical manufacturing, modern mechanical equipment is gradually developing to large, high speed and high performance direction. The service environment of key components or structures of many mechanical equipment is complicated and its operating conditions are bad, causing various types of damage accidents to occur frequently, corrosion, wear and tear. Fatigue is the main form of mechanical structure failure, especially the fatigue failure. The fatigue fracture is the most important failure mode for the mechanical structure which bears the alternating cyclic loading for a long time. The 50%~90%. fatigue failure, which accounts for the total number of mechanical structures, has a strong concealment and sudden appearance, and there is no obvious sign before the damage. It is a serious threat to the safe operation of mechanical equipment. Once the damage occurs, it is easy to cause major accidents and loss of life and property. The fatigue life and reliability of the components or structures of the mechanical equipment are the key factors that restrict the life of the equipment and the reliability level of the system. Therefore, the life and the life of the mechanical structure are accurately predicted and evaluated. Reliability is an important guarantee to ensure the safety and reliable operation of the service during the service period. It has important theoretical value and practical significance for the rational making of maintenance decision and health management plan, maximizing the use value of equipment, improving the economic benefit and anti fatigue design. The traditional life prediction theory and the reliability analysis method are still not perfect, and there are still many unsolved problems and shortcomings. Based on the finite life design method and fatigue damage accumulation theory, this paper develops the fatigue damage failure mechanism, the life prediction technology and the reliability analysis method, and adopts the study of the fatigue damage failure mechanism, the life prediction technique and the reliability analysis method. The fatigue test data of the metal materials and welded structures of the key components of the mechanical equipment are verified by model and method. The existing fatigue analysis theory is perfected and its application scope is expanded. The main contents and achievements of this paper are as follows: (1) the fatigue damage equivalence principle and the residual life consideration considering the interaction effect of load phase are proposed. In view of the complexity of the loading process effect of variable amplitude loading and the inherent defects of the Miner rule, the mechanism of the loading sequence and the interaction effect of load is systematically studied from the point of view of damage accumulation. Based on the "two element criterion" of fatigue failure, the conceptual qualitative surface material of fatigue damage state is introduced. In view of the defects of the traditional damage equivalent method, the equivalent law of fatigue damage considering the interaction effect of load is proposed. On this basis, an improved residual life prediction model is established by combining the ductile dissipation model. The model can take into account the damage development and fatigue life of the load sequence and the interaction between the loads. (2) the nonlinear damage accumulation model and the residual life prediction method based on the fatigue driving energy damage parameters are proposed. It is difficult to reveal the essence of energy dissipation in the failure process according to the description of the traditional damage variables. Based on the fatigue driving force model, an energy criterion is used to describe the whole process of fatigue failure. On the basis of the damage equivalence principle, the expression of residual life prediction model and the improved model considering the interaction effect of load are derived, and the experiment is carried out. The design studies the typical nonlinear characteristics of the two models. (3) a modified linear damage accumulation criterion based on the dynamic residual S-N curve and the degradation of material memory performance is proposed. The defects of the nonlinear damage theory and the advantages of the Miner rule in engineering application are studied, from the angle of the residual life and the S-N curve. The dynamic residual S-N curve and the degradation law of material memory performance, by introducing the material memory degradation parameters to quantitatively characterize the slope ratio of the dynamic residual S-N curve, a modified linear damage accumulation criterion is proposed. This criterion preserves the simplicity of the traditional Miner rule form, and facilitates the quantitative analysis of fatigue damage and the life estimation. After comparing three linear damage models and combining with experimental design, the common properties and linear damage growth behavior of the four models are described in detail. (4) the probability model based on the bilinear damage accumulation theory and the time-varying fatigue reliability analysis method are proposed. The fatigue failure is a dynamic process of continuous damage accumulation, and the traditional method is traditional. The static reliability analysis method can not reflect the time-varying characteristics of the load history, and the dynamic reliability analysis method is difficult to reveal the two stage characteristics of crack initiation and crack propagation in the failure process. On this basis, based on the stress intensity interference theory, a time-varying reliability model based on cumulative damage critical damage is established to predict the reliability of fatigue life cycle.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：電子科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：TH140

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本文編號(hào)：1834055