本文選題：滾動(dòng)軸承　切入點(diǎn)：噴油潤(rùn)滑　出處：《河南科技大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：隨著科技的進(jìn)步,高速機(jī)床和航空航天發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)技術(shù)在不斷的發(fā)展,滾動(dòng)軸承作為這些機(jī)械的關(guān)鍵零部件正在面臨著高速、高溫、重載等運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)條件的挑戰(zhàn)。這使其使用的性能要求日益苛刻,如何有效的潤(rùn)滑成為滿(mǎn)足這些要求的重中之重。噴油潤(rùn)滑因具有系統(tǒng)簡(jiǎn)單、易控制、潤(rùn)滑冷卻效果好等優(yōu)點(diǎn)被大量應(yīng)用在高速滾動(dòng)軸承中。隨著高速滾動(dòng)軸承轉(zhuǎn)速的提高,軸承內(nèi)外圈將形成高速氣流。跨音速軸承環(huán)間會(huì)出現(xiàn)高速繞流現(xiàn)象,使?jié)櫥h(huán)境變得非常復(fù)雜。為了能更有效的對(duì)跨音速軸承進(jìn)行潤(rùn)滑,需要對(duì)跨音速軸承噴油潤(rùn)滑的穿透機(jī)理進(jìn)行研究。本課題基于計(jì)算流體力學(xué)研究滾動(dòng)軸承環(huán)間氣相流場(chǎng)的特性,應(yīng)用計(jì)算流體力學(xué)軟件來(lái)模擬滾動(dòng)軸承跨音速繞流噴油潤(rùn)滑的運(yùn)動(dòng)過(guò)程,探究滾動(dòng)軸承跨音速繞流噴油潤(rùn)滑油液的穿透機(jī)理。首先,進(jìn)行氣相流的計(jì)算與分析,應(yīng)用計(jì)算流體力學(xué)軟件模擬在不同轉(zhuǎn)速下軸承內(nèi)部的空氣流場(chǎng),分析氣流的速度特性和壓力特性,探究阻礙油液進(jìn)入的因素,為后面研究的氣液兩相流提供初始邊界。其次,根據(jù)氣相流場(chǎng)提供的初始邊界,應(yīng)用計(jì)算流體力學(xué)軟件模擬在不同噴嘴角度和不同噴嘴直徑下軸承內(nèi)部的氣液兩相流場(chǎng),探究噴嘴角度和噴嘴直徑對(duì)噴油潤(rùn)滑的影響。最后,通過(guò)試驗(yàn)對(duì)仿真計(jì)算進(jìn)行驗(yàn)證。研究結(jié)果表明:氣相流場(chǎng)方面,將噴嘴放在小端面更合適;在噴嘴向下噴油時(shí)將噴嘴放在無(wú)量綱徑向0.25處較合適;在向上噴油時(shí)將噴嘴設(shè)置在徑向無(wú)量綱0.8處較合適;兩相流方面,經(jīng)過(guò)分析發(fā)現(xiàn)將整體模型簡(jiǎn)化為單個(gè)模型進(jìn)行計(jì)算分析是可行的;在噴嘴向下噴射,噴嘴角度為30°時(shí),油液體積分?jǐn)?shù)最大,噴嘴直徑在1.5mm時(shí),油液體積分?jǐn)?shù)最大。在噴嘴向上噴射,噴嘴角度為30°時(shí),噴入軸承環(huán)間的油液體積分?jǐn)?shù)最大,適當(dāng)?shù)恼{(diào)整噴嘴角度和噴嘴直徑可以提高噴油潤(rùn)滑的效率;利用試驗(yàn)進(jìn)行驗(yàn)證,數(shù)據(jù)的對(duì)比結(jié)果基本吻合,驗(yàn)證了仿真的準(zhǔn)確性和有效性。本文通過(guò)以上分析得到了氣相流與氣液兩相流的運(yùn)動(dòng)特性,揭示了滾動(dòng)軸承跨音速繞流噴油潤(rùn)滑的穿透機(jī)理和部分阻礙因素,是軸承內(nèi)部二相流形成問(wèn)題的重要補(bǔ)充,又為改善噴油潤(rùn)滑的潤(rùn)滑效果提供更深入的理論依據(jù)。
[Abstract]:With the development of science and technology, the technology of high-speed machine tools and aeronautic and aerospace engines is developing continuously. As the key parts of these machines, rolling bearings are facing high speed and high temperature. Heavy load and other operating conditions challenge. This makes its performance requirements increasingly demanding, how to effectively lubricate the top priority to meet these requirements. Injection lubrication because of its simple system, easy to control, The advantages of good lubricating and cooling effect are widely used in high speed rolling bearings. With the increase of speed of high speed rolling bearings, the inner and outer rings of bearings will form high speed airflow. Make the lubrication environment very complicated. In order to lubricate transonic bearings more effectively, It is necessary to study the penetration mechanism of oil injection lubrication in transonic bearings. Based on computational fluid dynamics (CFD), the characteristics of gas phase flow field between rings of rolling bearings are studied. The computational fluid dynamics software is used to simulate the motion process of transonic oil injection lubrication for rolling bearings, and to explore the penetration mechanism of the oil injection fluid around the transonic flow of rolling bearings. First, the calculation and analysis of gas flow are carried out. This paper applies computational fluid dynamics software to simulate the air flow field inside the bearing at different rotational speeds, analyzes the velocity and pressure characteristics of the airflow, probes into the factors hindering the entry of oil, and provides the initial boundary for the gas-liquid two-phase flow studied later. According to the initial boundary provided by the gas phase flow field, the gas-liquid two-phase flow field in the bearing under different nozzle angles and different nozzle diameters is simulated by using computational fluid dynamics software, and the effects of nozzle angle and nozzle diameter on oil injection lubrication are investigated. The experimental results show that the nozzle is more suitable to be placed on the small end surface in the gas phase flow field, and the nozzle is more suitable to be placed at the dimensionless radial 0.25 when the nozzle is injected downwards. It is found that it is feasible to simplify the whole model into a single model for calculation and analysis when the nozzle is injected upward at a radial dimensionless 0.8; for two-phase flow, it is feasible to simplify the integral model to a single model for calculation and analysis; when the nozzle injects downward, the nozzle angle is 30 擄. When the nozzle diameter is 1.5mm, the oil volume fraction is the largest. When the nozzle is injected upward and the nozzle angle is 30 擄, the oil liquid integral number between the bearing rings is the largest. Proper adjustment of nozzle angle and nozzle diameter can improve the efficiency of fuel injection lubrication. The accuracy and validity of the simulation are verified. The kinematic characteristics of gas-phase flow and gas-liquid two-phase flow are obtained through the above analysis, and the penetration mechanism and some hindrance factors of the transonic injection lubrication of rolling bearings are revealed. It is an important supplement to the formation of two-phase flow in bearings and provides more theoretical basis for improving the lubricating effect of oil injection lubrication.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：河南科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：TH133.33

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