發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-03-21 08:20

  本文選題：離心葉輪　切入點(diǎn)：流動(dòng)效應(yīng)　出處：《浙江大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：離心風(fēng)機(jī)作為一種輸送氣體的通用機(jī)械設(shè)備,在水泥、電力、化工、鋼鐵等工業(yè)領(lǐng)域廣泛應(yīng)用,并且這些領(lǐng)域使用的離心風(fēng)機(jī)存在數(shù)量大、單機(jī)功率高的特點(diǎn),所以能耗巨大。因此建立針對(duì)于大型工業(yè)用離心風(fēng)機(jī)葉輪優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)系統(tǒng)具有重要經(jīng)濟(jì)效益。本文建立了包含葉輪總體參數(shù)和結(jié)構(gòu)型線優(yōu)化的離心風(fēng)機(jī)葉輪優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)系統(tǒng),實(shí)現(xiàn)了離心葉輪的整體優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)。首先,本文研究了離心葉輪流道內(nèi)造成流動(dòng)損失的流動(dòng)效應(yīng)(邊界層增長(zhǎng)與分離、二次流、分層效應(yīng)等)的形成機(jī)理以及基本特征,分析了這些復(fù)雜流動(dòng)效應(yīng)與流動(dòng)參數(shù)以及流道內(nèi)速度分布間的相互關(guān)系,提出了進(jìn)口加速系數(shù)、當(dāng)量擴(kuò)張角、載荷系數(shù)、進(jìn)口減速比、最大減速比等控制參數(shù)。其次通過控制參數(shù)作為橋梁,建立了葉輪結(jié)構(gòu)總體參數(shù)與內(nèi)部流動(dòng)特征間的關(guān)系,確立了既能控制流動(dòng)損失又能保證設(shè)計(jì)要求的優(yōu)化準(zhǔn)則和目標(biāo)函數(shù),實(shí)現(xiàn)了總體參數(shù)的優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)。通過理論分析得到了實(shí)現(xiàn)子午面二次流效應(yīng)最小化的設(shè)計(jì)準(zhǔn)則,通過給定合理的子午速度沿流線的分布,實(shí)現(xiàn)了前盤型線的優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)。以速度分布作為橋梁,建立了葉片型線與速度分布控制參數(shù)間的關(guān)系,總結(jié)提煉出了與葉輪內(nèi)部流動(dòng)特征直接相關(guān)的最大載荷系數(shù)及其位置、進(jìn)口減速比、最大減速比、吸力邊相對(duì)速度進(jìn)口斜率等速度分布控制參數(shù)。并在此基礎(chǔ)上,通過研究分析建立了合理可靠的速度分布數(shù)學(xué)模型,并確定了流道內(nèi)的速度分布,獲得了葉片型線。其次,采用了考慮旋轉(zhuǎn)與曲率的二維湍流邊界層動(dòng)量積分方程,實(shí)現(xiàn)了邊界層厚度的準(zhǔn)確計(jì)算。據(jù)此建立了基于控制速度分布優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)系統(tǒng),并編寫了 C語言程序軟件。最后,運(yùn)用所編寫的優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)系統(tǒng)軟件對(duì)兩個(gè)不同型號(hào)的高效離心風(fēng)機(jī)進(jìn)行優(yōu)化,運(yùn)用數(shù)值模擬的方法對(duì)風(fēng)機(jī)優(yōu)化前后性能和流場(chǎng)進(jìn)行對(duì)比分析,結(jié)果表明優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)后的離心風(fēng)機(jī)在設(shè)計(jì)流量下,1#和2#風(fēng)機(jī)優(yōu)化后全壓均高于原型風(fēng)機(jī),效率分別提高了 5.12%和4.05%,并且全工況效率均得到了提升,說明本文所建立的設(shè)計(jì)系統(tǒng)是可行的。
[Abstract]:Centrifugal fan is widely used in cement, electric power, chemical industry, iron and steel industry as a general mechanical equipment for conveying gas, and the centrifugal fan used in these fields has the characteristics of large quantity and high power of single machine. Therefore, it has important economic benefits to set up an optimal design system for centrifugal fan impellers for large industrial use. In this paper, an optimal design system for centrifugal fan impellers is established, which includes the optimization of the overall parameters and the structural profile of the impeller. The overall optimum design of centrifugal impeller is realized. Firstly, the formation mechanism and basic characteristics of flow loss in centrifugal impeller passage (boundary layer growth and separation, secondary flow, stratification effect, etc.) are studied. The relationship between these complex flow effects and the flow parameters and velocity distribution in the channel is analyzed. The inlet acceleration coefficient, equivalent expansion angle, load coefficient and inlet deceleration ratio are proposed. Secondly, the relationship between the overall parameters of impeller structure and internal flow characteristics is established by using the control parameters as a bridge, and the optimization criteria and objective functions which can not only control the flow loss but also guarantee the design requirements are established. Through theoretical analysis, the design criteria for minimizing the secondary flow effect on the meridian plane are obtained, and the distribution of the meridian velocity along the streamline is given. The optimal design of the front disc profile is realized. The relationship between the blade profile and the control parameters of the velocity distribution is established by using the velocity distribution as a bridge, and the maximum load coefficient and its position directly related to the internal flow characteristics of the impeller are summarized and refined. The velocity distribution control parameters such as inlet deceleration ratio, maximum deceleration ratio and relative velocity slope of suction edge are obtained. On the basis of this, a reasonable and reliable mathematical model of velocity distribution is established through research and analysis, and the velocity distribution in the channel is determined. The blade profile is obtained. Secondly, the momentum integral equation of two-dimensional turbulent boundary layer considering rotation and curvature is adopted to realize the accurate calculation of the boundary layer thickness. Based on this, the optimal design system based on the control velocity distribution is established. Finally, two different types of high efficiency centrifugal fan are optimized by using the software of optimization design system, and the performance and flow field of the fan before and after optimization are compared and analyzed by numerical simulation method. The results show that the total pressure of the centrifugal fan after optimization is higher than that of the prototype fan at the design flow rate, and the efficiency is increased by 5.12% and 4.05 respectively, and the efficiency of the whole working condition is improved. It shows that the design system established in this paper is feasible.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：浙江大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：TH432

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