本文選題：有限元　切入點(diǎn)：齒輪　出處：《浙江大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：齒輪是機(jī)械設(shè)備中動力和運(yùn)動傳輸?shù)年P(guān)鍵部件,廣泛應(yīng)用于汽車、風(fēng)電、航空、船舶等領(lǐng)域。目前齒輪朝著高速、重載的趨勢發(fā)展,對齒輪運(yùn)行的穩(wěn)定性和可靠性提出了更高的要求。建立合理的齒輪模型,深入研究影響齒輪嚙合傳動的各個(gè)因素,對提高齒輪承載性和傳動平穩(wěn)性、節(jié)約設(shè)計(jì)時(shí)間和實(shí)驗(yàn)費(fèi)用有一定的實(shí)際意義。本文建立了帶軸的齒輪傳動模型,基于有限元法研究了軸長、轉(zhuǎn)速、負(fù)載對齒輪嚙合接觸沖擊特性和動態(tài)接觸性能的影響和軸及負(fù)載對齒輪嚙合剛度的影響。本文主要研究內(nèi)容如下： (1)基于赫茲接觸理論推導(dǎo)出齒輪接觸應(yīng)力的計(jì)算公式,論述了解決接觸問題的有限元算法及一般流程并總結(jié)求解接觸動力學(xué)問題的相關(guān)技術(shù)要點(diǎn),為齒輪的嚙合接觸分析奠定理論基礎(chǔ)。 (2)基于直齒輪漸開線齒廓面的形成原理,實(shí)現(xiàn)齒輪三維參數(shù)化建模�？紤]到軸變形對齒輪動態(tài)嚙合性能的影響,本文建立了軸系與齒輪的聯(lián)合傳動有限元模型,通過幾何分塊對齒輪模型進(jìn)行映射網(wǎng)格劃分,優(yōu)化有限元網(wǎng)格模型,為客觀、準(zhǔn)確的分析齒輪接觸動態(tài)特性做了必要的準(zhǔn)備。 (3)基于已建立的齒輪傳動有限元模型,對齒輪的接觸動態(tài)特性做了深入研究。分析出齒輪在嚙合過程中接觸應(yīng)力的變化和分布情況,得到接觸應(yīng)力沿齒廓和齒面方向的分布規(guī)律。結(jié)果表明基于軸系和齒輪聯(lián)合傳動模型的動態(tài)接觸分析可以準(zhǔn)確、實(shí)時(shí)的模擬齒輪的動態(tài)嚙合過程,為齒輪設(shè)計(jì)提供參考和依據(jù)。 (4)考慮齒輪傳動系統(tǒng)工作情況的多變性,以軸長、轉(zhuǎn)速、負(fù)載三個(gè)典型的條件因素為例,建立對比分析模型,研究各個(gè)因素對齒輪動態(tài)嚙合性能的影響。結(jié)果表明：軸長對齒輪的齒面應(yīng)力分布情況影響較大；轉(zhuǎn)速對齒輪的嚙合沖擊特性影響較大,在本文模型下,當(dāng)轉(zhuǎn)速達(dá)到200rad/s時(shí),從動輪轉(zhuǎn)速沖擊振幅急劇增大,分析結(jié)果為齒輪系統(tǒng)選擇合理的轉(zhuǎn)速區(qū)間提供指導(dǎo)；在一定范圍內(nèi)負(fù)載變化對從動輪轉(zhuǎn)速振幅影響較小,但隨著負(fù)載的增大,齒面接觸應(yīng)力顯著增大。 (5)齒輪單、雙齒交替嚙合時(shí),由輪齒彈性變形引起的剛度激勵(lì)使齒輪產(chǎn)生振動和噪聲。因此本文研究了齒輪嚙合過程中嚙合剛度的變化規(guī)律,分別建立理想齒輪傳動模型和軸系與齒輪聯(lián)合傳動模型,得到嚙合周期內(nèi)齒輪嚙合剛度的變化曲線。結(jié)果表明：軸系的加入降低齒輪傳動系統(tǒng)的嚙合剛度；隨負(fù)載增加,齒輪嚙合剛度小幅增加；負(fù)載對帶軸齒輪嚙合剛度的影響要小于對理想齒輪嚙合剛度的影響。
[Abstract]:Gear is the key component of power and motion transmission in mechanical equipment. It is widely used in automobile, wind power, aviation, ship and so on. The higher requirements for the stability and reliability of gear operation are put forward. To establish a reasonable gear model and to deeply study the factors affecting gear meshing transmission, it is necessary to improve the bearing capacity and drive smoothness of gear. It is of practical significance to save design time and experiment cost. In this paper, the gear transmission model with shaft is established, and the shaft length and speed are studied based on finite element method. The influence of load on gear meshing contact impact characteristics and dynamic contact performance, and the influence of shaft and load on gear meshing stiffness. The main contents of this paper are as follows:. 1) based on Hertz contact theory, the formula of gear contact stress is derived, the finite element algorithm and general flow chart for solving contact problem are discussed, and the relevant technical points for solving contact dynamics problem are summarized. It lays a theoretical foundation for the meshing contact analysis of gears. Based on the forming principle of involute tooth profile of spur gear, the three-dimensional parametric modeling of gear is realized. Considering the influence of shaft deformation on the dynamic meshing performance of gear, a finite element model of joint transmission between shaft system and gear is established in this paper. The mapping mesh of gear model is divided into geometric blocks and the finite element mesh model is optimized. The necessary preparation is made for the objective and accurate analysis of gear contact dynamic characteristics. Based on the established finite element model of gear transmission, the contact dynamic characteristics of gear are studied in depth, and the change and distribution of contact stress during meshing are analyzed. The distribution of contact stress along the tooth profile and tooth surface is obtained. The results show that the dynamic contact analysis based on the shafting and gear joint transmission model can accurately simulate the dynamic meshing process of the gear in real time and provide a reference and basis for gear design. Considering the variability of gear transmission system, taking three typical factors such as shaft length, rotational speed and load as examples, a comparative analysis model is established. The influence of various factors on the dynamic meshing performance of gear is studied. The results show that the axial length has a great influence on the stress distribution of gear tooth surface, and the rotational speed has a great influence on the meshing impact characteristic of gear. In this model, when the rotational speed reaches 200radr / s, The result of analysis provides guidance for the gear system to select a reasonable speed range, and the load change has little effect on the amplitude of the rotational speed of the driven wheel in a certain range, but with the increase of the load, The contact stress of tooth surface increases significantly. 5) the stiffness excitation caused by elastic deformation of gear teeth makes the gear produce vibration and noise when the gear is engaged alternately with single or double teeth. Therefore, the variation law of the gear meshing stiffness during the meshing process is studied in this paper. The ideal gear transmission model and the joint transmission model of shafting and gear are established respectively, and the change curves of gear meshing stiffness are obtained during the meshing period. The results show that the meshing stiffness of gear transmission system decreases with the addition of shafting, and increases with load. The meshing stiffness of gear increases slightly and the influence of load on meshing stiffness of gear with shaft is smaller than that on ideal gear.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：浙江大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TH132.413

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