本文選題：加工誤差　切入點(diǎn)：在機(jī)檢測(cè)　出處：《浙江大學(xué)》2015年博士論文　論文類(lèi)型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：自由曲面零件越來(lái)越廣泛的應(yīng)用對(duì)自由曲面的精密化制造提出了更高的要求,傳統(tǒng)的自由曲面加工誤差檢測(cè)與補(bǔ)償方法中間過(guò)程需要進(jìn)行工件的轉(zhuǎn)移、重復(fù)裝夾定位等繁瑣操作,在數(shù)字化制造技術(shù)快速發(fā)展的今天逐漸顯示出其不足之處。而在另一方面,在機(jī)檢測(cè)技術(shù)的出現(xiàn)允許在加工機(jī)床上直接對(duì)工件進(jìn)行檢測(cè),很好地避免了傳統(tǒng)方法中大量的輔助時(shí)間和重定位等問(wèn)題,但同時(shí)也提出了新的挑戰(zhàn)。檢測(cè)的精度和效率是自由曲面檢測(cè)中的主要要求,由于在機(jī)檢測(cè)過(guò)程占用了機(jī)床的加工時(shí)間,因而自由曲面的在機(jī)檢測(cè)相比于離線(xiàn)檢測(cè)對(duì)效率的要求更為嚴(yán)苛。本文針對(duì)自由曲面在機(jī)檢測(cè)的特點(diǎn),提出了一套高效的自由曲面的加工誤差在機(jī)檢測(cè)與補(bǔ)償方法。利用加工曲面的在機(jī)檢測(cè)數(shù)據(jù)和鏡像補(bǔ)償模型對(duì)設(shè)計(jì)曲面的控制頂點(diǎn)進(jìn)行調(diào)整分別得到加工曲面和補(bǔ)償曲面,實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)自由曲面加工誤差的在機(jī)檢測(cè)與補(bǔ)償。本文主要完成了以下幾項(xiàng)工作。1.提出多點(diǎn)約束下T樣條曲面的重建方法,建立了T樣條曲面重建中控制頂點(diǎn)的迭代調(diào)整流程。首先研究了單點(diǎn)約束下T樣條曲面的重建方法,基于約束優(yōu)化方法對(duì)T樣條曲面上與約束點(diǎn)相聯(lián)系的控制頂點(diǎn)進(jìn)行調(diào)整,實(shí)現(xiàn)了單點(diǎn)約束下T樣條曲面的重建。然后分析了多點(diǎn)約束下T樣條曲面控制頂點(diǎn)調(diào)整過(guò)程中的相互重疊問(wèn)題,通過(guò)迭代調(diào)整過(guò)程使得設(shè)計(jì)曲面發(fā)生變形,最終完成對(duì)所有約束點(diǎn)進(jìn)行擬合。2.針對(duì)自由曲面控制頂點(diǎn)的作用域,提出了一種基于曲面敏感點(diǎn)的采樣點(diǎn)選擇方法。首先,對(duì)自由曲面控制頂點(diǎn)對(duì)曲面的貢獻(xiàn)進(jìn)行了分析,針對(duì)多點(diǎn)約束下自由曲面的重建方法提出了基于曲面敏感點(diǎn)的采樣點(diǎn)選擇方法。針對(duì)帶關(guān)鍵區(qū)域的自由曲面檢測(cè)提出了基于T樣條曲面的采樣點(diǎn)局部細(xì)化方法�；谇婷舾悬c(diǎn)的采樣點(diǎn)選擇方法結(jié)合T樣條曲面的局部細(xì)化能力實(shí)現(xiàn)了自由曲面檢測(cè)中采樣點(diǎn)的局部細(xì)化,可以根據(jù)曲面不同區(qū)域的優(yōu)先級(jí)別設(shè)置不同密度的采樣點(diǎn),有利于提高自由曲面檢測(cè)的效率,達(dá)到檢測(cè)資源最大化有效使用。3.針對(duì)傳統(tǒng)的自由曲面加工誤差檢測(cè)中需要進(jìn)行工件轉(zhuǎn)移、重新裝夾定位等問(wèn)題,提出了基于曲面控制頂點(diǎn)調(diào)整的曲面加工誤差在機(jī)檢測(cè)方法。該方法結(jié)合了多點(diǎn)約束下自由曲面的重建理論,可以通過(guò)對(duì)相對(duì)少的采樣點(diǎn)檢測(cè)完成曲面加工誤差檢測(cè)與評(píng)估,提高了自由曲面加工誤差在機(jī)檢測(cè)的效率。4.針對(duì)帶關(guān)鍵區(qū)域的自由曲面各區(qū)域檢測(cè)與加工精度的要求不同,提出了一種帶關(guān)鍵區(qū)域的自由曲面加工誤差檢測(cè)與補(bǔ)償方法,利用T樣條曲面對(duì)曲面關(guān)鍵區(qū)域進(jìn)行采樣點(diǎn)細(xì)化,提高了曲面關(guān)鍵區(qū)域的檢測(cè)與補(bǔ)償精度。首先利用T樣條曲面的局部細(xì)化對(duì)曲面的關(guān)鍵區(qū)域進(jìn)行細(xì)化,采用基于曲面敏感點(diǎn)法的采樣點(diǎn)選擇方法對(duì)曲面的采樣點(diǎn)進(jìn)行選擇,在曲面的關(guān)鍵區(qū)域配置更多的采樣點(diǎn),提高曲面關(guān)鍵區(qū)域的重建精度,實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)曲面關(guān)鍵區(qū)域更高精度的加工誤差檢測(cè)與補(bǔ)償。5.在理論研究成果的基礎(chǔ)上,通過(guò)具體的自由曲面加工實(shí)驗(yàn)對(duì)所提的自由曲面加工誤差在機(jī)檢測(cè)與補(bǔ)償方法進(jìn)行了驗(yàn)證。首先,通過(guò)對(duì)一張NURBS曲面的加工、檢測(cè)與補(bǔ)償驗(yàn)證了基于自由曲面控制頂點(diǎn)調(diào)整的曲面重建方法在自由曲面加工誤差在機(jī)檢測(cè)與補(bǔ)償?shù)挠行�。然�?對(duì)一張帶關(guān)鍵區(qū)域的T樣條曲面進(jìn)行加工實(shí)驗(yàn)研究,采用基于曲面敏感點(diǎn)的采樣點(diǎn)選擇方法,利用T樣條曲面的局部細(xì)化性質(zhì)對(duì)加工曲面在機(jī)檢測(cè)的采樣點(diǎn)進(jìn)行局部細(xì)化,實(shí)現(xiàn)了對(duì)曲面關(guān)鍵區(qū)域更高精度的加工和檢測(cè),并通過(guò)CMM檢測(cè)對(duì)實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果進(jìn)行了驗(yàn)證。
[Abstract]:Put forward higher requirements of precision manufacturing of free-form surface parts are applied more and more widely on free surface, free surface machining error detection and compensation method of the traditional process to transfer the workpiece, repeated clamping and positioning and other complicated operation, with the rapid development of digital manufacturing technology today has gradually shown its shortcomings. On the other hand, in the presence of machine detection technology allows the machine to detect directly the workpiece, a good way to avoid the problem of the traditional method a lot of auxiliary time and relocation, but also put forward new challenges. Are the main requirements for free surface detection in the detection accuracy and efficiency. In the process of the testing machine used for processing time machine, and free surface in machine detection compared to the offline detection efficiency of the more stringent requirements. Aiming at the free surface in the machine. The characteristics of machining error are put forward a set of effective free surface in machine detection and compensation method. By using surface processing in machine detection data and image compensation model of control points of the design surface adjustment of machined surface and compensation surface were obtained, the machining error of free-form surface in machine detection and compensation reconstruction. This paper mainly completed the following work.1. proposed multi point constraint T spline surfaces, an iterative adjustment process control points of T - spline surface reconstruction. Firstly studies the reconstruction method of single point constrained T spline surface, adjust the control points of the constrained optimization method is linked to the T spline on the surface and based on constraint points, realized the single point under the constraint of T spline surface. And then analyzes the multi point constraint T spline overlap problem vertex in the process of adjustment of surface control, by Diego Generation adjustment process makes the design surface deformation, the final completion of all constraints by fitting.2. according to the scope of free surface control points, this paper puts forward a method based on surface sensitive points of the sampling points. First, on free surface contribution to the surface control points are analyzed, aiming at the reconstruction of free-form surface points under the constraint of the selection method of surface sensitive points. According to the sampling point based on detection of free surface with key region of the proposed sampling point local refinement method based on T spline surface. Surface sensitive point sampling point selection method based on T spline surface local refining capacity to achieve the local refinement of sampling points in the detection of free surface based on the sampling points can be set according to different surface area density of different priority level, can improve the efficiency of free-form surface detection, to detect the resources In the effective use of.3. for the workpiece transfer error free surface processing of traditional detection, re positioning clamp mounting problem, put forward the error surface machining surface control points based on machine detection method. This method combines the theory of free surface reconstruction of multi point constraints, can complete the detection and evaluation of surface machining the error of sampling points less detection, improve the machining error free surface.4. efficiency in machine detection requirements for the free surface with key areas of the region detection and the different machining precision, a new method of free surface machining with key area detection and compensation method, using T spline surface facing the critical region sampling point refinement, improved detection and compensation accuracy of key area surface. Using local refinement of T spline surface area on the surface of fine key Using surface sensitive point method, sampling point selection method of sampling points on the surface were selected based on sampling points, in key areas more surface configuration, the key to improve the regional surface reconstruction precision, realize the machining error of the critical area surface more accurate detection and compensation in.5. on the base of theoretical research. Through the experiment on the free surface machining error free surface machining proposed in machine detection and compensation method is verified. Firstly, through the processing of a NURBS surface, detection and compensation to verify the effectiveness of the error free surface in machine detection and compensation of the freeform surface reconstruction method based on control points then, experiments were carried out to study the processing of a key region of the T spline surface, using surface sensitive point sampling point selection method based on using T spline surface local refinement The local refinement of the sampling points for machine surface detection is done based on the property, and the machining and detection of the key area of the surface is processed with high accuracy. The experimental results are verified by CMM detection.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：浙江大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：TH161.1

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