本文關(guān)鍵詞： 振動篩 側(cè)板 動力學性能 拓撲優(yōu)化 疲勞壽命　出處：《遼寧工程技術(shù)大學》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：目前振動篩的大型化需求迫切,大型振動篩可以提高生產(chǎn)效率,降低設(shè)備費用,提高經(jīng)濟效益。大型化振動篩篩分量增加,結(jié)構(gòu)尺寸變大,對整機及結(jié)構(gòu)部件剛度、強度要求增加。大型振動篩整機及其結(jié)構(gòu)部件的動力學性能影響著其工作的可靠性、穩(wěn)定性,對振動篩整機及其結(jié)構(gòu)部件進行動力學性能分析及結(jié)構(gòu)的優(yōu)化具有重要意義。本文主要采用拓撲優(yōu)化方法對振動篩進行結(jié)構(gòu)優(yōu)化設(shè)計。在給定條件下,確定結(jié)構(gòu)內(nèi)空洞的位置和數(shù)量,各構(gòu)件連接方式等拓撲形式,使得結(jié)構(gòu)將外載荷傳遞到支座上時,結(jié)構(gòu)的某種指標達到最優(yōu)的過程,稱為拓撲優(yōu)化。以ZK3050型大型直線振動篩為研究對象。首先建立了振動篩力學模型,進行了運動學分析,確定振動篩的主要工藝參數(shù)。應(yīng)用ANSYS軟件,系統(tǒng)建立振動篩整機及其各主要部件的有限元分析模型。應(yīng)用ANSYS對振動篩整機和主要部件(側(cè)板、橫梁、入料梁、出料梁、彈簧支撐等)進行了模態(tài)分析和諧響應(yīng)分析,得到整機及各部件的前幾階固有頻率及振型、動應(yīng)力和變形結(jié)果。振動篩整機及側(cè)板的前幾階固有頻率均有效避開工作頻率,橫梁、入料梁、出料梁、彈簧支撐裝置各階固頻均遠大于工作頻率；整機及主要部件的動應(yīng)力和變形均在材料許用范圍內(nèi)。側(cè)板的最大動應(yīng)力遠遠小于材料的許用應(yīng)力,安全系數(shù)較大。通過對多家選煤廠的走訪調(diào)研,調(diào)研結(jié)果顯示側(cè)板極少出現(xiàn)裂紋、變形等破壞失效問題,符合動力學分析的結(jié)果。考慮到傳統(tǒng)設(shè)計側(cè)板存在材料富余,對ZK3050型大型直線振動篩側(cè)板進行輕型結(jié)構(gòu)改進�；谧兠芏确ǖ耐負鋬�(yōu)化理論,對側(cè)板加強肋的拓撲優(yōu)化優(yōu)化布局設(shè)計,建立以剛度最大為目標函數(shù)的側(cè)板加強肋布局的拓撲優(yōu)化數(shù)學模型,根據(jù)拓撲優(yōu)化分析所得材料密度分布云圖進行加強肋的布局,得到側(cè)板新的結(jié)構(gòu)方案。優(yōu)化后側(cè)板結(jié)構(gòu)與原側(cè)板結(jié)構(gòu)相比,厚度減小2mm,總重量減小32Kg,參振質(zhì)量降低,節(jié)省了材料和能耗。對優(yōu)化后側(cè)板進行模態(tài)分析、諧響應(yīng)分析以及疲勞壽命分析結(jié)果表明：優(yōu)化后側(cè)板各低階固有頻率相比優(yōu)化前有普遍提高,并有效避開工作頻率;最大動應(yīng)力、最大變形均在材料許用范圍內(nèi)；疲勞壽命達到使用要求。
[Abstract]:At present, the demand for large scale vibrating screen is urgent. Large vibrating screen can improve production efficiency, reduce equipment cost and increase economic benefit. The dynamic performance of the large vibrating screen and its structural parts affects the reliability and stability of its work. It is of great significance to analyze the dynamic performance of the vibrating screen and its structural components and to optimize the structure. In this paper, the topology optimization method is used to optimize the structure of the vibrating screen. The location and number of holes in the structure and the connection modes of each member are determined, so that when the external load is transferred to the support, a certain index of the structure can reach the optimal process. It is called topological optimization. Taking ZK3050 type large linear vibrating screen as the research object, the mechanical model of vibrating screen is established, the kinematics analysis is carried out, and the main technological parameters of vibrating screen are determined. ANSYS software is used. The finite element analysis model of the vibrating screen machine and its main components is established. The modal analysis and harmonic response analysis of the vibrating screen machine and its main components (side plate, cross beam, feed beam, discharge beam, spring support, etc.) are carried out by using ANSYS. The results of the first natural frequencies and modes, dynamic stress and deformation of the whole machine and its components are obtained. The first natural frequencies of the shaker and the side plate are effectively avoided from the working frequency, the cross beam, the feed beam, and the discharge beam. The dynamic stress and deformation of the whole machine and its main components are within the allowable range of materials. The maximum dynamic stress of the side plate is much smaller than the allowable stress of the material. The safety factor is relatively high. Through the investigation and investigation of many coal preparation plants, the results show that there are few cracks, deformation and other failure problems in the side plate, which accords with the result of dynamic analysis. Considering the surplus of materials in the traditional design side plate, The light weight structure of the side plate of ZK3050 type large linear vibrating screen is improved. Based on the topology optimization theory of variable density method, the topology optimization layout design of the side plate stiffener is optimized. A topology optimization mathematical model of stiffener layout with maximum stiffness as objective function is established, and the distribution of stiffened ribs is carried out according to the density distribution cloud diagram of material obtained by topological optimization analysis. A new side plate structure scheme is obtained. Compared with the original side plate structure, the optimized side plate structure reduces the thickness by 2 mm, the total weight reduces by 32 kg, the damping mass decreases, and the material and energy consumption are saved. The modal analysis of the optimized side plate is carried out. The results of harmonic response analysis and fatigue life analysis show that the low-order natural frequencies of the optimized side plate are generally higher than those before optimization, and the working frequency is avoided effectively, the maximum dynamic stress and the maximum deformation are within the allowable range of the material. Fatigue life up to service requirements.
【學位授予單位】：遼寧工程技術(shù)大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TH237.6

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