本文關(guān)鍵詞： 可靠性分析 疲勞壽命 累積損傷 強(qiáng)度退化 時(shí)變性 失效相關(guān)　出處：《電子科技大學(xué)》2016年博士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：隨著機(jī)械結(jié)構(gòu)服役環(huán)境的愈加惡劣以及隨機(jī)影響因素的日益增加,疲勞作為機(jī)械結(jié)構(gòu)主要的失效形式,占失效總數(shù)的50%-90%。疲勞現(xiàn)象和機(jī)理異常復(fù)雜,受到各種不確定因素的影響(材料性能、服役環(huán)境、使用時(shí)間、荷載效應(yīng)等)。機(jī)械結(jié)構(gòu)的載荷、強(qiáng)度、運(yùn)行環(huán)境等參數(shù)都隨時(shí)間或載荷作用次數(shù)等壽命相關(guān)指標(biāo)發(fā)生變化,疲勞過(guò)程是機(jī)械結(jié)構(gòu)隨時(shí)間的變化,其損傷不斷累積的過(guò)程,其可靠性也是隨時(shí)間發(fā)生變化的,因此,時(shí)變性是機(jī)械結(jié)構(gòu)疲勞過(guò)程的主要特征,是機(jī)械結(jié)構(gòu)疲勞可靠性的一個(gè)重要屬性,能反映出機(jī)械結(jié)構(gòu)性能與系統(tǒng)質(zhì)量隨時(shí)間的變化,受到學(xué)術(shù)界和工業(yè)界的關(guān)注。傳統(tǒng)機(jī)械結(jié)構(gòu)疲勞可靠性模型缺乏考慮失效模式的相關(guān)性、多部位損傷以及多構(gòu)件之間的關(guān)聯(lián),未能全面反映載荷歷程、強(qiáng)度退化、結(jié)構(gòu)特征等要素,不能較好地表征并描述工程實(shí)際中存在的不確定性因素。因此,難以準(zhǔn)確地預(yù)測(cè)機(jī)械結(jié)構(gòu)的疲勞壽命和可靠度。本論文針對(duì)目前機(jī)械結(jié)構(gòu)疲勞壽命預(yù)測(cè)模型及可靠性分析方法存在的不足、可靠性試驗(yàn)時(shí)間長(zhǎng)和費(fèi)用高等問(wèn)題,以機(jī)械傳動(dòng)裝置關(guān)鍵零部件的材料及結(jié)構(gòu)作為研究對(duì)象,擬從全壽命周期角度對(duì)其在多工況、復(fù)雜環(huán)境-隨機(jī)性交互作用下基于失效物理的疲勞損傷累積、裂紋萌生、裂紋擴(kuò)展機(jī)理和疲勞時(shí)變可靠性進(jìn)行研究。對(duì)于機(jī)械結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)的改進(jìn)、制造工藝的提高、安全可靠的運(yùn)行,具有重要的學(xué)術(shù)價(jià)值和現(xiàn)實(shí)意義。本文主要研究?jī)?nèi)容和研究成果如下：(1)基于累積損傷的疲勞壽命預(yù)測(cè)。為了提高疲勞累積損傷模型的計(jì)算精度,本文基于累積損傷曲線法中考慮載荷的加載順序以及Carten-Dolna模型中指數(shù)“d”的選擇,考慮載荷間的相互影響,提出一種改進(jìn)累積損傷模型,該模型考慮了加載次序以及載荷間相互作用的影響,改進(jìn)模型的預(yù)測(cè)壽命精度比現(xiàn)有模型精度有一定的提高。同時(shí),通過(guò)對(duì)改進(jìn)模型及現(xiàn)有模型進(jìn)行評(píng)估和對(duì)比分析,說(shuō)明了Miner法則在工程中應(yīng)用的廣泛性。針對(duì)傳統(tǒng)Miner法則存在的缺點(diǎn),通過(guò)考慮載荷及損傷的分散性以及隨機(jī)性對(duì)疲勞壽命的影響,提出基于模糊理論的Miner法則,該法則考慮載荷之間相互效應(yīng)和載荷次序?qū)ζ趬勖挠绊?保持了傳統(tǒng)Miner法則應(yīng)用簡(jiǎn)單的優(yōu)點(diǎn),通過(guò)算例分析,說(shuō)明了所提模型的可行性與準(zhǔn)確性。(2)疲勞裂紋萌生階段的壽命預(yù)測(cè)-修正的總應(yīng)變能損傷函數(shù)模型。機(jī)械結(jié)構(gòu)的疲勞裂紋形成階段的壽命,是指從加載開始至結(jié)構(gòu)出現(xiàn)宏觀可測(cè)裂紋的這一過(guò)程。這一階段受到多種因素的影響,多數(shù)情況下這些因素會(huì)產(chǎn)生交互作用直至機(jī)械結(jié)構(gòu)發(fā)生疲勞破壞。本文研究機(jī)械傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)關(guān)鍵零部件材料在多種失效因素共同作用下的力學(xué)行為及其對(duì)壽命的影響,提出了修正的總應(yīng)變能損傷模型,該模型綜合考慮了外在的加載條件和材料的能量耗散宏觀特性等因素對(duì)疲勞損傷的影響,有較廣的適用范圍。研究結(jié)果表明,在不同的加載試驗(yàn)條件下,改進(jìn)模型的預(yù)測(cè)壽命精度比傳統(tǒng)模型精度有一定的提高,可滿足工程的需要。(3)疲勞裂紋擴(kuò)展階段的壽命預(yù)測(cè)-修正的裂紋擴(kuò)展率函數(shù)模型。機(jī)械結(jié)構(gòu)疲勞裂紋擴(kuò)展階段的壽命是指：構(gòu)件在循環(huán)載荷作用下,出現(xiàn)宏觀可測(cè)裂紋之后,裂紋擴(kuò)展-破壞的這一過(guò)程。由于影響疲勞裂紋擴(kuò)展的因素眾多,擴(kuò)展機(jī)理比較復(fù)雜。因此,對(duì)疲勞裂紋擴(kuò)展壽命的預(yù)測(cè),目前還沒有統(tǒng)一的表達(dá)式,如何預(yù)測(cè)含裂紋構(gòu)件的剩余疲勞疲勞一直是人們研究的重點(diǎn)。本文通過(guò)對(duì)以往已提出的疲勞裂紋擴(kuò)展理論進(jìn)行分析研究,分析其優(yōu)點(diǎn)及不足。在此基礎(chǔ)上,推導(dǎo)出改進(jìn)的疲勞裂紋擴(kuò)展公式,該模型反映了裂紋在三個(gè)不同階段的擴(kuò)展率,為實(shí)現(xiàn)準(zhǔn)確的預(yù)測(cè)機(jī)械裝備剩余壽命提供有效方法。研究結(jié)果表明,相比現(xiàn)有模型,所提模型擴(kuò)展了現(xiàn)有模型的預(yù)測(cè)范圍,預(yù)測(cè)精度也有較顯著的提高。(4)基于性能退化的失效相關(guān)疲勞可靠性分析方法。機(jī)械結(jié)構(gòu)在復(fù)雜交變載荷作用下,載荷、損傷和環(huán)境等不確定因素的分散性和隨機(jī)性會(huì)導(dǎo)致系統(tǒng)特性表現(xiàn)出很大的分散性,要有效進(jìn)行機(jī)械結(jié)構(gòu)疲勞壽命預(yù)測(cè)與可靠性分析,需切實(shí)反映載荷歷程的復(fù)雜性與不確定性、零部件不同失效模式之間的統(tǒng)計(jì)相關(guān)性、性能退化與載荷歷程之間的關(guān)系及退化過(guò)程中載荷與應(yīng)力重新分布、復(fù)雜零部件的可靠性對(duì)載荷不確定性的依賴性等。本文利用與載荷作用次數(shù)相關(guān)的動(dòng)態(tài)可靠性模型,考慮疲勞過(guò)程中材料強(qiáng)度退化規(guī)律、強(qiáng)度的衰減對(duì)結(jié)構(gòu)疲勞壽命的影響、材料和載荷的隨機(jī)性,通過(guò)故障物理分析,推導(dǎo)機(jī)械結(jié)構(gòu)強(qiáng)度和疲勞壽命的概率分布等,建立了機(jī)械結(jié)構(gòu)疲勞時(shí)變可靠性分析和評(píng)估方法,同時(shí)建立了基于失效數(shù)據(jù)的多失效模式相關(guān)的Copula綜合可靠性評(píng)估模型。
[Abstract]:With the mechanical structure of the working environment and the increasingly harsh random factors increasing as fatigue failure form of mechanical structure mainly, accounting for 50%-90%. of the total fatigue failure phenomenon and mechanism is extremely complicated, influenced by many uncertain factors (material properties, service environment, service time, load effect). Load, mechanical structure the strength of the operating environment and other parameters with time or frequency of loading and other life related index changes, the fatigue process is the mechanical structure with the change of time, the process of damage accumulation, its reliability is also change with time. Therefore, when degeneration is the main feature of the mechanical structure fatigue process, is an important properties of fatigue reliability of mechanical structure, can reflect the performance of the mechanical structure and quality of the system with the change of time, by the academic circles and industry. The traditional mechanical structure The lack of fatigue reliability model considering the correlation of failure modes, the association between multiple site damage and multi component, failed to fully reflect the load history, strength degradation, structural characteristics and other factors, can not be used to characterize and describe the uncertainty factors in practical engineering. Therefore, it is difficult to accurately predict the fatigue life of the mechanical structure and reliability this paper aiming at the shortcomings of fatigue life of mechanical structure prediction methods exist model and reliability analysis, reliability test time and cost, with the materials and structure of the key parts of the mechanical driving device as the research object, from the perspective of the whole life cycle to the operating environment, complex stochastic interaction under the accumulation. Physical fatigue damage failure based on crack initiation, crack propagation and fatigue mechanism of time-dependent reliability is studied. For the design of mechanical structure The improvement, the improvement of manufacturing process, safe and reliable operation, has important academic value and practical significance. In this paper, the main research contents and results are as follows: (1) the fatigue life prediction based on cumulative damage. In order to improve the calculation precision of the cumulative fatigue damage model, the loading sequence and the index "Carten-Dolna D model" the choice of considering cumulative damage curve method based on considering the interaction between loads, proposes an improved cumulative damage model, the model considers the interaction between load and loading sequence, life prediction accuracy of modified model has better accuracy than the existing model. At the same time, through the analysis and comparison of evaluation the improved model of the existing model, explains the universality rule of Miner application in engineering. Aiming at the existing shortcomings of traditional Miner algorithm, by considering the load and damage The dispersion and random effect on fatigue life, fuzzy theory is proposed based on Miner principle, the principle of considering the influence of load between the effect and the loading order on fatigue life, maintains the advantages of the traditional Miner rule application is simple, through the example analysis, the feasibility and accuracy of the model (2) fatigue. Crack initiation life prediction of total strain correction can damage the function model. The stage of formation of fatigue life of mechanical structure, refers to the loading from the beginning to the structure of the process of macro measurable crack. This stage is affected by many factors, in most cases, these factors will interact until machinery the structural fatigue failure. This paper studies material of key parts of mechanical transmission system with multiple failure mechanical behavior of interaction between factors and its influence on the life of the proposed amendment The total strain energy damage model, the model considers the factors of external loading conditions and material properties on the macroscopic energy dissipation effect of fatigue damage, a wide range of application. The results show that the load in different experimental conditions, the life prediction accuracy of improved model is better than the traditional model precision, can meet the needs of the project. (3) prediction of fatigue crack propagation stage life correction crack growth rate function model. The mechanical structure fatigue crack growth stage of life: refers to the component under cyclic loading, macro crack can be measured after the process of crack propagation failure due to many factors. Effect of fatigue crack, propagation mechanism is complex. Therefore, the prediction of the fatigue crack propagation life, there is no unified expression, how to predict the residual fatigue cracked component Has been the focus of research. Analysis of fatigue crack propagation theory has been put forward based on previous analysis, its advantages and disadvantages. On this basis, the improved fatigue crack propagation formula is derived, the model reflects the crack in the three different stages of the expansion rate, provides an effective method for realizing accurate prediction of machinery the remaining life of equipment. The results show that compared with the existing models, the proposed model extends the range of existing prediction model, the prediction accuracy is also significantly improved. (4) the related fatigue reliability failure analysis method based on performance degradation. The mechanical structure in complex load under cyclic loads, and damage and environmental uncertainty dispersion and random will cause the system characteristics showed a great diversity of factors, in order to effectively carry out fatigue life prediction and reliability analysis of mechanical structure, need to reflect the load. The complexity and uncertainty of the statistical correlation between the components of different failure modes, the relationship between performance degradation and the loading history and the degradation of re distribution and stress in the process of loading, the reliability of complex components of load uncertainty dependence. Based on the dynamic reliability model and the frequency of loading, considering the degradation of material in the process of fatigue strength, strength attenuation effect on the structure fatigue life, random material and load, through the failure physics analysis, mechanical strength and fatigue life of the derivation of the probability distribution, reliability analysis and evaluation method to establish the mechanical structure fatigue, and establish the failure data of multiple failure modes based on reliability Copula related evaluation model.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：電子科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：TH114

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