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  本文關鍵詞： 主動磁懸浮軸承 自消除間隙保護軸承 保護間隙 支座 轉(zhuǎn)子跌落　出處：《南京航空航天大學》2015年博士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：作為磁懸浮軸承系統(tǒng)中必不可少的組件之一的保護軸承,是磁懸浮軸承失效或過載后保護轉(zhuǎn)子與定子系統(tǒng)免受損壞的重要屏障。傳統(tǒng)保護軸承在轉(zhuǎn)子跌落后,轉(zhuǎn)子會產(chǎn)生劇烈振動,甚至產(chǎn)生渦動,巨大的碰撞力以及渦動離心力使得滾動軸承很容易損壞。針對傳統(tǒng)保護軸承的不足,本文提出了一種可以在轉(zhuǎn)子跌落后自動消除磁懸浮軸承系統(tǒng)中間隙的保護軸承,介紹了自消除間隙保護軸承的結構及工作原理,并進行了一系列相關研究。首先,建立了轉(zhuǎn)子有限元模型,計算了轉(zhuǎn)子兩端未安裝滾動軸承、一端安裝滾動軸承和兩端安裝滾動軸承時轉(zhuǎn)子的一階、二階彎曲模態(tài)頻率與振型,并進行了相關試驗研究。研究結果表明:在有限元法計算轉(zhuǎn)子模態(tài)頻率的過程中可以將滾動軸承等效為剛性圓盤;滾動軸承直接安裝到轉(zhuǎn)子上會降低轉(zhuǎn)子的固有頻率。其次,對自消除間隙保護軸承的運動學進行研究,分析不同的結構參數(shù)對支座的擺動角度大小的影響,并進行了試驗驗證。研究結果表明:連桿位于轉(zhuǎn)動副1外側(cè)的機構相對于連桿位于轉(zhuǎn)動副1內(nèi)側(cè)的機構,支座能獲得更大的擺動角度;在符合結構尺寸要求以及其他影響因素的條件下,可通過減小轉(zhuǎn)動副1到轉(zhuǎn)動副2的距離和轉(zhuǎn)動副1到機構中心的距離、適當增加轉(zhuǎn)動副2中的間隙來達到支座消除間隙所需要的擺動角度大小。然后,對間隙消除后支座與滾動軸承系統(tǒng)進行靜力學分析,分析結果表明:支座間隙消除后,支座與外圈接觸點處的法向力臂大小滿足一定的條件時,支座才能夠穩(wěn)定支承滾動軸承外圈;并且分析了支座不同的端面形狀對消除間隙時的擺動角度與法向力臂大小的影響,根據(jù)研究結果提出合理的支座端面形狀。最后,對轉(zhuǎn)子跌落到自消除間隙保護軸承上的動力學響應進行了詳細地研究,分別建立了磁懸浮軸承失效前、后轉(zhuǎn)子的動力學模型、磁懸浮軸承支承模型、滾動軸承受力模型、外圈—支座碰撞模型、單個支座振動模型以及支座擺動模型;仿真計算了不同參數(shù)對磁懸浮軸承失效后各部分動力學響應的影響,并在一個五自由度磁懸浮軸承試驗臺上進行相關跌落試驗研究。研究結果表明:當選取合適的結構參數(shù)時,在轉(zhuǎn)子組件跌落后,自消除間隙保護軸承基本上都能夠在0.03 s左右消除滾動軸承外圈與支座之間的間隙,并穩(wěn)定支承轉(zhuǎn)子繼續(xù)旋轉(zhuǎn);在間隙完全消除之前,滾動軸承會受到幾次較大的碰撞,一旦間隙消除后,滾動軸承則只受到轉(zhuǎn)子的離心力和重力作用,但此時滾動軸承外圈與支座之間則存在較大的彈性變形力;由于自消除間隙保護軸承消除間隙后滾動軸承外圈受到支座較大的擠壓力作用,所以實際情況下應采用中、重系列的滾動軸承,而支座則需要根據(jù)具體轉(zhuǎn)速下的接觸應力大小選取相應的調(diào)質(zhì)鋼或滲碳鋼等進行表面強化處理的材料;為保證自消除間隙保護軸承能夠成功工作,支座端面形狀應使支座消除間隙時與滾動軸承外圈碰撞處的法向力臂盡量小;滾動軸承潤滑情況、滾動軸承外圈與支座之間的摩擦系數(shù)、轉(zhuǎn)動副的摩擦系數(shù),也對自消除間隙保護軸承能否成功工作起到至關重要的作用;轉(zhuǎn)子較大的不平衡量會使得轉(zhuǎn)子組件跌落后滾動軸承受到的碰撞力顯著增加;支座數(shù)量的減少對滾動軸承受到的最大碰撞力無明顯影響,但會增加滾動軸承外圈與支座之間的彈性變形力,并且支座的數(shù)量太少可能會導致轉(zhuǎn)子的運動軌跡達到轉(zhuǎn)子與磁懸浮軸承之間的間隙;自消除間隙保護軸承的安裝角度基本上不會對機構的性能產(chǎn)生影響;與傳統(tǒng)保護軸承相比,自消除間隙保護軸承能夠有效減小轉(zhuǎn)子組件跌落時滾動軸承受到的最大碰撞力,相對減小比率最高可達70%,并且消除了轉(zhuǎn)子跌落到傳統(tǒng)保護軸承后發(fā)生渦動的可能,顯著改善了滾動軸承的工況,從而一定程度上延長了磁懸浮軸承系統(tǒng)中保護軸承的壽命,提高了磁懸浮軸承的可靠性。
[Abstract]:One of the essential components for protection bearing magnetic bearing system, is the magnetic bearing failure or an important barrier to the rotor and the stator system from damage overload protection. The traditional protection in bearing rotor drop, the rotor will produce severe vibration, and even produce eddy, huge impact force and the centrifugal force of the rolling bearing eddy easily aiming at the deficiency of traditional protection. The damage of the bearing, this paper proposes a protection can automatically eliminate the bearing clearance of magnetic bearing system in rotor drop, introduces the structure and working principle of self elimination bearing clearance protection, and conducted a series of related research. First, a finite element model of the rotor, the rotor is not installed at both ends the rolling bearing is calculated, one order is installed on one end of the rolling bearing and rolling bearing is installed at both ends of the rotor, the two order bending vibration frequency and vibration mode, and The related experimental research. The results show that: in the process of the finite element method to calculate the modal frequency of the rotor can be equivalent to a rigid disc rolling bearing; rolling bearings mounted directly to the rotor will reduce the natural frequency of the rotor. Secondly, to eliminate the gap protection of bearing movement were studied, analysis of the influence of different structure parameters of swing angle on the support size, and verified by experiments. The results show that: 1 the rotation mechanism is located side lateral link relative to institutions located in the joint 1 inner side of the connecting rod, bearing can obtain larger swing angle; in conditions conforming to the structure size and other requirements under the influence, can reduce the rotating pair 1 2 rotation pair distance and rotation distance 1 to center, increasing clearance revolute 2 to eliminate the bearing swing angle of the required size gap. Then, on After the elimination of clearance bearing static analysis and rolling bearing system, analysis results show that the bearing clearance is eliminated, and the bearing outer ring at the contact point of the normal arm size meet certain conditions, can support stable bearing rolling bearing outer ring; and analyzes the bearing different end shape to eliminate the gap when the swing angle and method to the effect of arm size, shape of the end surface of the supporting seat reasonably according to the research results. Finally, the rotor drop to the self elimination kinetics of gap protection on the bearing response were studied in detail, respectively for magnetic bearing failure, dynamic model of the rotor, magnetic bearing model, rolling bearing force model, the outer ring - bearing collision model, single bearing vibration model and the model simulation of the swing bearing; the different parameters of the magnetic bearing failure after each part of power Effect of response, and the related study falls into a five DOF magnetic bearing test rig. The results show that when selecting appropriate structure parameters, the rotor assembly after falling down from eliminating the gap protection of bearings can basically eliminate the gap between the rolling bearing outer ring and bearing at about 0.03 s. Stable and supporting the rotor continues to rotate; before the gap completely eliminated, rolling bearing will be several times larger impact, once the gap is eliminated, the rolling bearing only by rotor centrifugal force and gravity, but at the moment there is rolling large elastic deformation force between the bearing outer ring and bearing; since the elimination of the gap protection to eliminate bearing the outer ring of the rolling bearing clearance after the support pressure is larger, so the actual situation should be used in rolling bearing series, and support the need according to the specific speed The contact stress of the corresponding size of steel or steel surface hardening materials; to ensure the self protection of bearings can successfully eliminate the gap, bearing end shape should be to eliminate the gap with the bearing outer ring of the rolling bearing impact the normal force as small as possible; rolling bearing lubrication, the rolling friction coefficient between the bearing outer ring and bearing, rotating friction coefficients, to eliminate the gap from the success of work bearing protection plays a crucial role; the rotor unbalance will greatly impact force bearing makes the rotor assembly drop after rolling bearing significantly increased; the reduction of the number of maximum collision force of rolling bearing no obvious effect, but will increase between the rolling bearing outer ring and bearing force of elastic deformation, and bearing the number is too small may cause the rotor trajectory of the rotor and the The gap between the magnetic bearings; self eliminating installation angle gap protection bearing basically on the organization's performance is not affected; compared with the traditional bearing protection, self protection can eliminate the gap bearing the maximum impact stress of rolling bearing components reduce the rotor drop, the relative reduction ratio of up to 70%, and eliminate the occurrence of eddy may fall into the traditional rotor bearing protection, can significantly improve the rolling bearing condition, to a certain extent extended bearing protection magnetic bearing system in life, improve the reliability of the magnetic bearing.

【學位授予單位】：南京航空航天大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TH133.3

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