本文關(guān)鍵詞：基于靜電傳感器的旋轉(zhuǎn)機(jī)械轉(zhuǎn)速測(cè)量方法研究　出處：《華北電力大學(xué)》2015年博士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 靜電傳感器 旋轉(zhuǎn)機(jī)械 轉(zhuǎn)速測(cè)量 相關(guān)算法 數(shù)據(jù)融合 測(cè)量系統(tǒng) 性能評(píng)估

【摘要】：轉(zhuǎn)速是表征旋轉(zhuǎn)機(jī)械健康狀況、進(jìn)行故障診斷、制定必要維修策略的重要參數(shù)之一。旋轉(zhuǎn)機(jī)械在能源、化工、電力、冶金等行業(yè)的機(jī)械設(shè)備中占有舉足輕重的地位,轉(zhuǎn)速的實(shí)時(shí)、準(zhǔn)確測(cè)量對(duì)保證旋轉(zhuǎn)機(jī)械的正常運(yùn)行具有重要的現(xiàn)實(shí)意義。然而,現(xiàn)有的轉(zhuǎn)速測(cè)量?jī)x表在精度、價(jià)格、可靠性等方面均存在一定的局限性,特別是在復(fù)雜、惡劣的工業(yè)環(huán)境下難以達(dá)到長(zhǎng)期、穩(wěn)定、準(zhǔn)確的測(cè)量,因此,有必要利用新原理、新方法研制更加優(yōu)良的測(cè)量?jī)x表。同時(shí),靜電檢測(cè)技術(shù)在氣固兩相流參數(shù)檢測(cè)及航空發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)尾氣監(jiān)測(cè)等領(lǐng)域的成功應(yīng)用,促進(jìn)了這項(xiàng)技術(shù)的迅速發(fā)展。本文創(chuàng)新性地探索了基于靜電感應(yīng)原理的轉(zhuǎn)速測(cè)量新方法,通過(guò)檢測(cè)運(yùn)動(dòng)部件表面的靜電荷,獲取旋轉(zhuǎn)機(jī)械的轉(zhuǎn)速信息。針對(duì)傳感器感應(yīng)機(jī)理建模、傳感器優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)、轉(zhuǎn)速測(cè)量系統(tǒng)開發(fā)、測(cè)量系統(tǒng)性能評(píng)估等方面進(jìn)行了較為深入的研究：(1)首次將靜電檢測(cè)技術(shù)應(yīng)用于轉(zhuǎn)速測(cè)量領(lǐng)域,提出了基于靜電傳感器的轉(zhuǎn)速測(cè)量方法。根據(jù)被測(cè)轉(zhuǎn)軸和安裝環(huán)境的限制,具體分為三種測(cè)量方式：基于單傳感器和信號(hào)自相關(guān)技術(shù)的轉(zhuǎn)速測(cè)量；基于雙傳感器和信號(hào)互相關(guān)技術(shù)的轉(zhuǎn)速測(cè)量；基于多傳感器和數(shù)據(jù)融合技術(shù)的轉(zhuǎn)速測(cè)量。(2)針對(duì)靜電傳感器轉(zhuǎn)速測(cè)量系統(tǒng)的物理模型,基于點(diǎn)電荷的思想建立了條形靜電傳感器的數(shù)學(xué)模型。深入研究了傳感器的空間靈敏度、頻率響應(yīng)、空間濾波長(zhǎng)度、帶寬等感應(yīng)特性,為靜電傳感器的性能分析和優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)提供了堅(jiān)實(shí)的理論基礎(chǔ)。通過(guò)實(shí)驗(yàn)?zāi)M點(diǎn)電荷在旋轉(zhuǎn)過(guò)程中產(chǎn)生的三維空間靜電場(chǎng),分析了條形靜電傳感器的輸出特性,并與模型結(jié)果對(duì)比,從而驗(yàn)證了測(cè)量方法的正確性和數(shù)學(xué)模型的有效性。(3)基于靜電傳感器轉(zhuǎn)速測(cè)量原理,設(shè)計(jì)傳感器感應(yīng)單元、微弱信號(hào)檢測(cè)電路、相關(guān)信號(hào)處理算法以及多數(shù)據(jù)融合算法,實(shí)現(xiàn)轉(zhuǎn)速測(cè)量系統(tǒng)的集成。該系統(tǒng)不僅能夠?qū)崟r(shí)顯示旋轉(zhuǎn)速度、信號(hào)的靜電強(qiáng)度和相關(guān)系數(shù),而且能夠記錄這些測(cè)量參數(shù)信息,有助于進(jìn)一步分析系統(tǒng)的可靠性和穩(wěn)定性。(4)針對(duì)靜電傳感器轉(zhuǎn)速測(cè)量系統(tǒng)的三種組態(tài)(單傳感器、雙傳感器和多傳感器)進(jìn)行性能評(píng)估。通過(guò)一系列的實(shí)驗(yàn)研究,分別確定測(cè)量系統(tǒng)在每種組態(tài)下的測(cè)量范圍、精確度、重復(fù)性、穩(wěn)定性。并逐一對(duì)靜電電極到轉(zhuǎn)軸表面的距離、旋轉(zhuǎn)速度、被測(cè)轉(zhuǎn)軸材料、轉(zhuǎn)軸大小、表面粗糙度等因素對(duì)測(cè)量系統(tǒng)性能的影響進(jìn)行量化分析。最終形成精確、快速、經(jīng)濟(jì)、可靠的新型旋轉(zhuǎn)機(jī)械轉(zhuǎn)速測(cè)量系統(tǒng)。
[Abstract]:Rotational speed is one of the important parameters to characterize the health condition of rotating machinery, to diagnose faults and to formulate necessary maintenance strategies. The mechanical equipment in metallurgy and other industries plays an important role. The real-time and accurate measurement of rotating speed is of great practical significance to ensure the normal operation of rotating machinery. However, the existing rotating speed measuring instruments are accurate. Price, reliability and other aspects have some limitations, especially in the complex, harsh industrial environment is difficult to achieve long-term, stable, accurate measurement, therefore, it is necessary to use the new principles. At the same time, electrostatic detection technology has been successfully applied in the fields of gas-solid two-phase flow parameter detection and aero-engine tail gas monitoring. In this paper, a new method of measuring rotational speed based on electrostatic induction principle is explored, which detects the static charge on the surface of moving parts. According to sensor induction mechanism modeling, sensor optimization design, speed measurement system development. In this paper, the performance evaluation of measuring system has been deeply studied. (1) Electrostatic measurement technology has been applied to the field of rotational speed measurement for the first time. This paper presents a speed measurement method based on electrostatic sensor, which is divided into three measuring methods according to the limits of the measured rotation shaft and installation environment: the speed measurement based on single sensor and signal autocorrelation technology; Speed measurement based on dual-sensor and signal cross-correlation technology; Based on multi-sensor and data fusion technology, the rotational speed measurement is based on the physical model of electrostatic sensor speed measurement system. Based on the idea of point charge, the mathematical model of strip electrostatic sensor is established, and the sensing characteristics of the sensor, such as space sensitivity, frequency response, spatial filter length, bandwidth and so on, are studied in depth. It provides a solid theoretical basis for the performance analysis and optimization design of the electrostatic sensor. The output characteristics of the strip electrostatic sensor are analyzed by simulating the three-dimensional electrostatic field generated by the point charge during the rotation process. Compared with the results of the model, the correctness of the measurement method and the validity of the mathematical model are verified. Based on the principle of speed measurement of electrostatic sensor, sensor induction unit and weak signal detection circuit are designed. Correlation signal processing algorithm and multi-data fusion algorithm to realize the speed measurement system integration, the system can not only real-time display rotation speed, signal electrostatic intensity and correlation coefficient. Moreover, it can record the information of these measurement parameters, which is helpful to further analyze the reliability and stability of the system. (4) three configurations (single sensor) for the speed measurement system of electrostatic sensor. Through a series of experimental studies, the measurement range, accuracy and repeatability of the measurement system under each configuration are determined respectively. Stability. The influence of the distance from the electrostatic electrode to the surface of the shaft, the speed of rotation, the material of the measured shaft, the size of the shaft, the surface roughness and other factors on the performance of the measuring system were analyzed one by one. Finally, the accuracy of the measurement system was obtained. Fast, economical and reliable new rotating speed measuring system.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華北電力大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：TH165.3

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