本文關(guān)鍵詞：無轉(zhuǎn)速計階比分析方法研究　出處：《沈陽大學》2016年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 旋轉(zhuǎn)機械故障診斷 無轉(zhuǎn)速計階比分析 轉(zhuǎn)速 瞬時頻率估計 EMD分解

【摘要】：旋轉(zhuǎn)機械已經(jīng)成為工業(yè)中的關(guān)鍵性設(shè)備,許多旋轉(zhuǎn)機械都是在變載荷和變轉(zhuǎn)速工況下運行的,并且隨著對轉(zhuǎn)速要求的提高,轉(zhuǎn)速波動帶來的影響越來越不容忽視。旋轉(zhuǎn)機械升降速過程及變速工況中的振動信號蘊含豐富的故障信息,對故障診斷具有獨特的價值。階比跟蹤分析是變速工況下旋轉(zhuǎn)機械振動信號分析的一種有效方法。傳統(tǒng)的階比分析方法一般都含有轉(zhuǎn)速計、光電編碼器等硬件設(shè)備,雖然可以獲得較高的分析精度,但其安裝場合受限,限制了階比分析方法在實際中的應(yīng)用。因此研究一種行之有效的無轉(zhuǎn)速計階比分析方法已成為目前的一個研究熱點。針對這一問題,本文研究了一種基于瞬時頻率估計的無轉(zhuǎn)速計階比分析方法。本文主要工作如下:對常見的旋轉(zhuǎn)機械故障機理進行了分析,介紹了各種故障下振動信號的對應(yīng)特征。無轉(zhuǎn)速計階比分析方法有效估算信號的瞬時頻率是獲取轉(zhuǎn)速信息的前提,針對旋轉(zhuǎn)機械在變速工況下的振動信號具有非平穩(wěn)性及多分量的特性,本文首先采用EMD方法對振動信號進行分解,基于相關(guān)系數(shù)法提取敏感IMF分量,然后分別采用Hi1bert法和Teager能量算子法對其進行瞬時頻率估計,對比分析后發(fā)現(xiàn)Hi1bert變換方法能夠清晰地表征信號的瞬時頻率。為了消除EMD端點效應(yīng)問題對瞬時頻率分析精度的影響,對瞬時頻率曲線進行了分段平滑處理,以減少瞬時頻率的誤差,提高瞬時頻率估計的精度,仿真實驗驗證了分段擬合方法的有效性。為了驗證無轉(zhuǎn)速計階比分析方法的有效性,搭建了轉(zhuǎn)子不對中系統(tǒng)振動實驗臺,結(jié)合不對中故障機理,對采集的振動信號進行分析研究,實驗結(jié)果驗證了本文所提出的無轉(zhuǎn)速計比分析方法的可行性及有效性。
[Abstract]:Rotating machinery has become the key equipment in industry, many rotating machinery are running under variable load and variable speed conditions, and with the increase of speed requirements. The effect of rotating speed fluctuation is more and more important. The vibration signal of rotating machinery contains abundant fault information in the process of speed rise and fall and in the variable speed condition. Order tracking analysis is an effective method for vibration signal analysis of rotating machinery under variable speed conditions. Traditional order analysis methods generally contain tachometers. Although the photoelectric encoder and other hardware equipment can obtain high analysis accuracy, its installation situation is limited. The application of order analysis method in practice is limited. Therefore, the study of an effective order ratio analysis method without tachometer has become a hot research topic at present. In this paper, a method of order ratio analysis without tachometer based on instantaneous frequency estimation is studied. The main work of this paper is as follows: the common fault mechanism of rotating machinery is analyzed. The corresponding characteristics of vibration signals under various faults are introduced. The effective estimation of the instantaneous frequency of signals is the premise of obtaining rotational speed information by using the order ratio analysis method without tachometer. Aiming at the non-stationary and multi-component characteristics of vibration signals of rotating machinery under variable speed conditions, this paper firstly uses EMD method to decompose the vibration signals and extract the sensitive IMF components based on the correlation coefficient method. Then the instantaneous frequency is estimated by Hi1bert method and Teager energy operator method. It is found that the Hi1bert transform method can clearly represent the instantaneous frequency of the signal. In order to eliminate the effect of the EMD endpoint effect on the accuracy of instantaneous frequency analysis. In order to reduce the error of instantaneous frequency and improve the accuracy of instantaneous frequency estimation, the instantaneous frequency curve is processed by piecewise smoothing. In order to verify the effectiveness of the order ratio analysis method without tachometer, the vibration test bench of rotor misalignment system is built, and the mechanism of misalignment fault is combined. The vibration signals collected are analyzed and the experimental results verify the feasibility and effectiveness of the non-tachometer ratio analysis method proposed in this paper.
【學位授予單位】：沈陽大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：TH17

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