本文關鍵詞：新型水壓變量泵的設計與特性研究　出處：《西南交通大學》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

  更多相關文章： 水壓技術 水壓變量泵 有限元分析 AMESim

【摘要】：在現(xiàn)代水壓技術研究過程中,由于水特殊的物理和化學特性,使得水壓元件的開發(fā)面臨新材料、新結構、新工藝甚至新的設計理念等多方面的技術難題,因此發(fā)展不及油壓技術成熟,造成水壓元件不多且造價高。目前水壓泵設計理念仍類似油壓柱塞變量泵,利用柱塞在一定斜盤傾角下相對缸體作往復運動來實現(xiàn)流量輸出。泵結構復雜,流量脈動大,無法實現(xiàn)油壓泵"豐富多樣"的控制方式、可靠性也遠低于油壓泵。因此,本文研制一種集成油壓和水壓元件的新型水壓變量泵,水泵采用成熟可靠、控制性能高的油壓元件來實現(xiàn)動力驅動和控制,采用少量結構簡單、工藝要求低的水壓元件(水壓缸、單向閥、蓄能器等)來實現(xiàn)介質與能量的傳輸。與常規(guī)水壓泵相比,不僅結構簡單,而且性能優(yōu)異。論文主要完成以下研究:(1)根據新型水壓泵的特殊參數(shù)要求,提出了兩種水壓泵的設計方案,分別對兩種方案的運動規(guī)律及受力進行理論分析,并且從結構可變性、結構緊湊性、加工難度和經濟性等方面進行對比,選取了最優(yōu)方案一。(2)基于方案模型,對水壓泵的關鍵零部件尺寸進行了設計計算,確定單個水壓缸的基本尺寸,針對水壓的特殊環(huán)境,對水壓缸進行了材料選型以及密封設計。基于水壓缸尺寸,設計了水壓泵的閥塊,最后對水壓泵整體結構進行了三維建模。(3)基于水壓泵結構,利用ANSYS Workbench對水壓泵重要零部件水壓缸進行靜、動力學分析。通過靜力學分析得到水壓缸的最大應力為114.79MPa,低于材料許用應力154.1MPa;最大變形量為0.078mm,小于許用最大撓度。因此水壓缸滿足靜力學性能要求,但是存在優(yōu)化空間。同時對水壓缸進行了模態(tài)分析,結果顯示水壓缸動態(tài)特性良好,與激勵源不會發(fā)生共振。最后分別以降低最大應力、最大變形量以及實現(xiàn)質量輕量化為目標,運用有限元分析方法對水壓缸進行了參數(shù)化優(yōu)化設計。優(yōu)化結果顯示模型的最大應力減小了 17.19MPa,約占優(yōu)化前模型最大應力的14.98%,小于材料的許可應力。最大變形量減小了 0.013mm,約占之前最大變形量的16.46%,模型的總質量減小了 1.46kg,約占優(yōu)化前質量的8.07%。因此優(yōu)化設計后的模型不僅滿足各項性能要求,而且較優(yōu)化前有很大提高。(4)基于流體力學理論知識,對水壓泵優(yōu)化結構的運動學進行研究,得到了水壓泵活塞的運動特性和水壓泵理論輸出流量曲線,從流量輸出曲線得知水壓泵必然存在流量脈動,針對此問題提出了在系統(tǒng)出口設置蓄能器來減小流量脈動的方案。運用AMESim軟件建立水壓泵系統(tǒng)的仿真模型,并對未安裝蓄能器和已安裝蓄能器的流量輸出曲線進行對比,結果顯示蓄能器能有效降低流量脈動。最后對蓄能器消減脈動的影響因素進行討論,結果顯示蓄能器的充氣壓力和充氣體積增大,脈動就減小。
[Abstract]:In the course of the study of modern hydraulic technology, due to the physical and chemical characteristics of water hydraulic components so special, facing the development of new materials, new structures, new technology and new design ideas and other aspects of the problem, so the development of hydraulic technology not mature, causing water element and high cost. At present, the design idea of hydraulic pump is still similar to the oil pressure plunger variable pump, and the flow output is realized by using the plunger to reciprocate to the cylinder body under a certain inclined angle. The pump structure is complex and the flow pulsation is large. It can not realize the "rich and diverse" control mode of the oil pressure pump, and the reliability is far lower than the oil pressure pump. Therefore, a new hydraulic variable pump developed an integrated hydraulic and hydraulic components, the water pump adopts the mature and reliable hydraulic control components to achieve high performance drive and control, using a small number of simple structure, low technical requirements of hydraulic components (hydraulic cylinder, one-way valve, accumulator, etc.) to achieve transmission medium and energy the. Compared with the conventional hydraulic pump, it is not only simple in structure, but also with excellent performance. This paper mainly completed the following research: (1) according to the requirements of the special parameters of the new hydraulic pump, puts forward the design scheme of two kinds of hydraulic pump, the movement rules of the two schemes respectively and analyze the stress, and compared from structure variability, compact structure, processing difficulty and economic aspects, selected optimal scheme. (2) based on the program model, the design and calculation of the key parts and sizes of the hydraulic pressure pump were carried out, and the basic dimensions of the single hydraulic cylinder were determined. According to the special environment of the hydraulic pressure, the material selection and seal design of the hydraulic cylinder were carried out. Based on the size of the hydraulic cylinder, the valve block of the hydraulic pump is designed. Finally, the three-dimensional modeling of the overall structure of the hydraulic pump is carried out. (3) based on the structure of water pressure pump, the static and dynamic analysis of the hydraulic cylinder of the important parts of the hydraulic pump is carried out by using ANSYS Workbench. Through static analysis, the maximum stress of the hydraulic cylinder is 114.79MPa, which is lower than the allowable stress 154.1MPa of the material, and the maximum deformation is 0.078mm, which is smaller than the maximum allowable deflection. Therefore, the hydraulic cylinder meets the requirements of the statics performance, but there is an optimization space. At the same time, the modal analysis of the hydraulic cylinder shows that the dynamic characteristic of the hydraulic cylinder is good and does not resonate with the excitation source. Finally, with the aim of reducing the maximum stress, the maximum deformation and lightening the quality, the parametric optimization design of the hydraulic cylinder is carried out by using the finite element analysis method. The optimization results show that the maximum stress of the model is reduced by 17.19MPa, which accounts for about 14.98% of the maximum stress of the pre optimized model, which is less than the permitted stress of the material. The maximum deformation amount is reduced by 0.013mm, which accounts for about 16.46% of the previous maximum deformation. The total mass of the model is reduced by 1.46kg, accounting for about 8.07% of the pre optimized mass. Therefore, the optimized design model not only satisfies all the performance requirements, but also has a great improvement before the optimization. (4) based on the theory of fluid mechanics knowledge, research on kinematic structure optimization of the hydraulic pump, the hydraulic pump piston movement characteristics and hydraulic pump output flow from the flow curve theory, the output curve that there must be water pump flow pulsation, the accumulator to reduce the flow pulsation of the program set up in the system export. The simulation model of water hydraulic pump system is established by using AMESim software, and the flow output curve of the installed accumulator and installed accumulator is compared. The results show that accumulator can effectively reduce the flow pulsation. Finally, the influence factors of the accumulator to reduce the pulsation are discussed. The results show that the inflatable pressure and volume of the accumulator increase, and the pulsation decreases.
【學位授予單位】：西南交通大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TH137.51

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