本文關(guān)鍵詞：多級離心泵轉(zhuǎn)子耦合系統(tǒng)動力學(xué)特性研究　出處：《浙江大學(xué)》2016年博士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 多級離心泵 “濕”轉(zhuǎn)子系統(tǒng) 流-固耦合 橫-軸雙向 耦合振動 數(shù)值模擬 非線性動力學(xué)響應(yīng) 試驗研究

【摘要】：多級離心泵作為常見的流體輸送關(guān)鍵裝置,廣泛運用于石油、化工、鋼鐵、火力及海水淡化等大型工業(yè)領(lǐng)域。現(xiàn)階段,多級離心泵正朝著高流量、高轉(zhuǎn)速及高揚程方向發(fā)展,但與此同時,轉(zhuǎn)子的振動、噪音和穩(wěn)定性問題也更加凸顯,這些問題已成為制約多級離心泵轉(zhuǎn)子系統(tǒng)發(fā)展的核心問題,究其原因還是原有的計算模型不完善。實際上,多級離心泵轉(zhuǎn)子系統(tǒng)的振動及穩(wěn)定性問題歸根結(jié)底是轉(zhuǎn)子動力學(xué)中的流-固耦合問題,多級離心泵內(nèi)不僅存在轉(zhuǎn)子-軸承耦合問題,也存在轉(zhuǎn)子-密封耦合問題,但目前的多級離心泵轉(zhuǎn)子振動模型并未充分考慮密封口環(huán)、軸承、軸向力等多個因素之間的耦合作用,轉(zhuǎn)子模型較為單一,無法滿足多級離心泵的高流量、高轉(zhuǎn)速及高揚程下的計算需求。因此,建立更加完善的多級離心泵轉(zhuǎn)子系統(tǒng)耦合振動模型,準(zhǔn)確預(yù)測轉(zhuǎn)子系統(tǒng)的動力學(xué)特性,具有重要的研究價值和工程意義。本文以多級離心泵轉(zhuǎn)子耦合系統(tǒng)為研究對象,分別創(chuàng)建了其橫向穩(wěn)態(tài)運動模型、橫-軸雙向耦合振動瞬態(tài)模型及非線性運動模型,并對其相應(yīng)的動力學(xué)特性進行了求解。通過不同工況及參數(shù)結(jié)構(gòu)對多級離心泵轉(zhuǎn)子耦合系統(tǒng)的動力學(xué)行為展開研究,探尋其優(yōu)化設(shè)計方法。同時,針對研究對象采用相應(yīng)的試驗研究以驗證數(shù)值計算方法的可行性和準(zhǔn)確性。論文的主要內(nèi)容包括以下四個方面：第一,利用二分法和弦截法聯(lián)合求解的混合法迭代求解滑動軸承靜平衡位置,并采用小參數(shù)法求解了滑動軸承動特性系數(shù)；基于Hertz點接觸理論和EHL理論推導(dǎo)了純徑向載荷下的簡化調(diào)心球軸承剛度動特性系數(shù)求解模型并求解了包含接觸剛度和油膜剛度共同作用的綜合剛度動特性系數(shù)；利用Childs的有限長理論和打靶法求解計算了有限長口環(huán)密封動特性系數(shù),并利用試驗結(jié)果進行了驗證；結(jié)合拉格朗日方程、有限元法和矩陣運算方法建立了完善的多級離心泵轉(zhuǎn)子-軸承-密封耦合系統(tǒng)橫向穩(wěn)態(tài)運動模型。第二,設(shè)計并改造了國內(nèi)首套“濕”轉(zhuǎn)子系統(tǒng)試驗臺,可測試考慮密封支撐作用下的轉(zhuǎn)子耦合動力學(xué)響應(yīng),通過優(yōu)化試驗部件結(jié)構(gòu),拓寬并提高了試驗轉(zhuǎn)速范圍；對不同口環(huán)密封壓差和間隙條件下多級轉(zhuǎn)子耦合系統(tǒng)的動力學(xué)響應(yīng)進行測試,處理得到轉(zhuǎn)子系統(tǒng)一階臨界轉(zhuǎn)速,驗證了多級離心泵轉(zhuǎn)子-軸承-密封耦合系統(tǒng)橫向穩(wěn)態(tài)運動模型的可靠性；研究了不同密封壓差、密封間隙和轉(zhuǎn)速對多級轉(zhuǎn)子耦合系統(tǒng)穩(wěn)態(tài)動力學(xué)特性和穩(wěn)定性的影響。第三,結(jié)合拉格朗日方程和有限元法創(chuàng)建了包含軸向力作用的多級離心泵轉(zhuǎn)子耦合系統(tǒng)橫向運動模型和軸向運動模型,并利用相關(guān)文獻中的多級離心泵軸系的縱向自由振動臨界轉(zhuǎn)速對軸向模型進行了驗證；采用矩陣整合方法將獨立的橫向運動模型和軸向運動模型進行了耦合,建立了多級離心泵轉(zhuǎn)子-軸承-密封耦合系統(tǒng)橫-軸雙向耦合振動模型；采用隱式的Newmark迭代法自行編寫了轉(zhuǎn)子系統(tǒng)橫-軸雙向耦合振動瞬態(tài)響應(yīng)求解程序；詳細研究了不同操作工況和結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)對多級離心泵轉(zhuǎn)子系統(tǒng)橫-軸雙向耦合振動瞬態(tài)動力學(xué)特性的影響。第四,利用經(jīng)典的Capone非線性軸承油膜力模型和Muszynska非線性密封流體力模型,采用解析法建立了單級離心泵轉(zhuǎn)子耦合系統(tǒng)非線性運動模型并通過自編的四階Runge-Kutta法進行了求解；在單級轉(zhuǎn)子耦合系統(tǒng)的基礎(chǔ)上利用有限元法創(chuàng)建了多級離心泵轉(zhuǎn)子耦合系統(tǒng)的非線性無量綱運動微分方程并對其動力學(xué)特性進行了求解分析；重點分析了不同轉(zhuǎn)速、軸向力、軸承長度和密封間隙對多種激勵力耦合作用下的多級離心泵轉(zhuǎn)子耦合系統(tǒng)非線性動力學(xué)行為的影響。研究結(jié)果顯示,本文提出的混合法相較于二分法和弦截法具有好的計算速度和求解效率；本文提出的多級離心泵轉(zhuǎn)子耦合系統(tǒng)運動模型計算的一階臨界轉(zhuǎn)速值與試驗測量所得結(jié)果相比,最大相對誤差僅有5.5%,其余相對誤差均在5%以內(nèi)；口環(huán)密封兩端壓差、密封間隙、軸向力、轉(zhuǎn)速、軸承長度等參數(shù)均對多級轉(zhuǎn)子耦合系統(tǒng)的動力學(xué)特性和穩(wěn)定性具有重要影響；轉(zhuǎn)子耦合系統(tǒng)蘊含豐富的周期運動、準(zhǔn)周期運動和多周期運動等非線性運動形式。本文研究內(nèi)容與結(jié)論可為多級離心泵轉(zhuǎn)子耦合系統(tǒng)的結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計及動力學(xué)響應(yīng)優(yōu)化設(shè)計提供理論指導(dǎo)和參考依據(jù)。
[Abstract]:As a common key device for fluid transport, multistage centrifugal pumps are widely used in large industrial fields, such as oil, chemical, steel, fire and seawater desalination. At this stage, multistage centrifugal pump is a high flow, high speed and high head direction, but at the same time, vibration, noise and stability of the rotor is also more prominent, these problems have become the core problem of restricting the development of rotor system of multistage centrifugal pump, the reason is the calculation model of the original is not perfect. In fact, the vibration and stability of rotor system of multistage centrifugal pump rotor dynamics after all is the fluid solid coupling problem, not only the existence of a rotor bearing coupling problem of multistage centrifugal pump, there are rotor seal coupling problems, but the multistage centrifugal pump rotor vibration the dynamic coupling between the multiple factors model did not take into account the seal ring, bearing and axial force of the rotor model is single, unable to meet the computing needs of the multistage centrifugal pump with high flow, high speed and high lift. Therefore, it is of great research value and engineering significance to establish a more perfect coupled vibration model of multistage centrifugal pump rotor system and accurately predict the dynamic characteristics of the rotor system. Taking the rotor coupling system of multi-stage centrifugal pump as the research object, the lateral steady state motion model, the transverse axial bi-directional coupling vibration transient model and the nonlinear motion model were established respectively, and the corresponding dynamic characteristics were solved. The dynamic behavior of the rotor coupling system of a multistage centrifugal pump is studied by different working conditions and parameter structures, and the optimization design method is explored. At the same time, the feasibility and accuracy of the numerical calculation method are verified by the corresponding experimental research. The main contents of this paper include the following four aspects: first, the mixed iterative method combined with sliding bearing is solved by the dichotomy of secant method and the static balance position, and using the small parameter method is used to solve the dynamic coefficient of sliding bearing; Hertz contact theory and EHL theory derives the simplified self-aligning ball bearing stiffness under pure radial load dynamic coefficient model and solved including the contact stiffness and oil film stiffness of the joint effect of the composite stiffness dynamic coefficients based on a finite length calculation; ring seal dynamic coefficients using the finite length theory and shooting method to solve the Childs, and the result was verified by experiment; combined with Lagrange equation, finite element method and the matrix calculation method is established for multistage centrifugal pump rotor perfect bearing seal coupling system of transverse steady motion model. Second, design and transformation of the domestic first "wet" rotor test rig test, can consider the seal rotor coupling dynamics under the support of the response, by optimizing the component structure, broaden and improve the test speed range; dynamic multi rotor coupling system pressure and clearance of the seal under the condition of different ring response test get the rotor first critical speed of the system, to verify the reliability of coupling system of transverse steady state motion model of multistage centrifugal pump rotor bearing seal; the effects of different sealing pressure, sealing gap and speed of multi rotor system dynamics and stability of the steady state. Third, according to the Lagrange equation and the finite element method to create a lateral motion of multistage centrifugal pump rotor system model and axial motion model including axial force, and the critical speed of longitudinal free vibration of multi-stage centrifugal pump shaft in the relevant literature on the axial model is verified through the integration method; matrix model and axial lateral movement the motion model of independent coupling, established a multistage centrifugal pump rotor bearing seal system of cross - coupled axial coupled vibration model of rotor system is developed; cross - axial coupled vibration to solve the transient response procedure using Newmark implicit iterative method; the influence of parameters of different operating conditions and the structure of multi-stage centrifugal pump the cross axis coupling rotor system vibration dynamic characteristics is studied in detail. Fourth, by using the Capone nonlinear bearing oil film force model and Muszynska nonlinear classical physical model is established to seal flow, single-stage centrifugal pump rotor coupling system of nonlinear motion model and by the four order Runge-Kutta method was solved by analytical method; nonlinear based on single rotor system creates multistage centrifugal pump rotor the system using the finite element method of dimensionless differential equations of motion and its dynamic characteristics were computed and analyzed; analyze the effects of different speed, axial force, bearing length and seal gap on a variety of exciting force coupling for the multistage centrifugal pump rotor system nonlinear dynamic behavior. Research results show that the hybrid method is proposed in this paper compared with the dichotomy of secant method calculation speed and efficiency is good; the first critical speed calculation of multistage centrifugal pump motor rotor coupling system model proposed in this paper is compared with the value obtained from the measurement and test results, the maximum relative error is only 5.5%, the relative error is within 5%; export ring seal pressure difference, clearance, axial force, speed and bearing length of the sealing parameters have an important influence on the stability and dynamics of multi rotor system; rotor coupling system contains rich period of motion, quasi periodic motion and multiple periodic motion of nonlinear motion forms. The content and conclusion of this paper can provide theoretical guidance and reference for the structural design and dynamic response optimization of the rotor coupling system of a multistage centrifugal pump.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：浙江大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：TH311

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