本文關(guān)鍵詞：基于加壓變幅的汽車起重機落幅操控性與起幅抗沖擊性能研究　出處：《長安大學(xué)》2017年博士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 汽車起重機 加壓變幅系統(tǒng) 落幅操控性 變幅平衡閥 起幅抗沖擊性能 組合動作

【摘要】：汽車起重機是工程建設(shè)施工中應(yīng)用最廣泛的工程機械之一,主要包括卷揚、伸縮、變幅和回轉(zhuǎn)四個動作。國內(nèi)汽車起重機在吊裝作業(yè)時不允許進行伸縮動作,因此變幅成為了唯一可以改變作業(yè)半徑的動作,變幅系統(tǒng)的性能直接影響汽車起重機的作業(yè)效率和安全,因此對變幅系統(tǒng)進行研究具有重要的現(xiàn)實意義和工程價值。變幅系統(tǒng)根據(jù)落幅方式可分為重力變幅系統(tǒng)和動力變幅系統(tǒng)。重力變幅系統(tǒng)在變幅大角度或輕載時,落幅角速度過慢,作業(yè)效率低;而在變幅小角度或重載時,落幅角速度過快,易引發(fā)安全事故。動力變幅系統(tǒng)受到負(fù)載波動的影響較大,落幅平穩(wěn)性差,降低了作業(yè)效率和安全。另外,采用LUDV系統(tǒng)的汽車起重機在進行起幅落鉤組合動作時,易出現(xiàn)起幅沖擊的現(xiàn)象,降低了作業(yè)效率和安全。為了提高汽車起重機的落幅操控性和組合動作的抗沖擊性能,提高作業(yè)效率和安全,論文的主要研究工作如下:(1)針對傳統(tǒng)變幅系統(tǒng)落幅操控性存在的不足,提出了一種加壓變幅方法。建立了加壓變幅系統(tǒng)的數(shù)學(xué)模型,獲得變幅液壓系統(tǒng)的負(fù)載特性以及落幅角速度的變化規(guī)律。提出了落幅操控性的評價方法,分析了變幅液壓系統(tǒng)主要元件和參數(shù)對落幅操控性的影響。利用MATLAB軟件進行數(shù)值分析,結(jié)果表明加壓變幅系統(tǒng)在各工況的落幅均勻性均明顯提高。利用AMESim軟件進行變幅液壓系統(tǒng)仿真,結(jié)果表明加壓變幅系統(tǒng)在沒有明顯降低落幅平穩(wěn)性的前提下,提高了落幅均勻性。(2)針對變幅小角度或重載工況下落幅角速度較大的問題,研究了變幅平衡閥的流量飽和特性,得到了變幅平衡閥對落幅角速度的影響規(guī)律。數(shù)值仿真和臺架試驗結(jié)果表明,控制壓力越大,流量飽和點越大,達到流量飽和的壓差先減小,然后逐漸增大;過流面積越小,流量飽和點越小,達到飽和流量的壓差越大;在閥芯行程相同的前提下,流量飽和點隨著彈簧剛度的降低而降低,達到流量飽和的壓差也隨之降低。通過改進變幅平衡閥的結(jié)構(gòu),限制了落幅角速度,提高了汽車起重機的落幅均勻性。(3)提出了一種變幅平衡閥特性參數(shù)的數(shù)值算法。利用變幅平衡閥的三維模型,按照一定的規(guī)律選擇不同的閥芯位移間隔,計算各位移的離散閥口參數(shù),然后采用三次樣條差值法得到整個閥芯位移所對應(yīng)的連續(xù)閥口參數(shù)。將參數(shù)用于變幅平衡閥流量飽和特性研究,仿真和實驗結(jié)果基本一致,驗證了數(shù)值算法的可行性。(4)研究了組合動作下汽車起重機的起幅抗沖擊性能。提出了抗沖擊性能的評價方法,分析了LUDV系統(tǒng)在組合動作下的響應(yīng)特性和起幅沖擊產(chǎn)生的原因,提出了改善起幅流量突變的技術(shù)措施,AMESim仿真結(jié)果表明,技術(shù)措施可以有效地減弱起幅流量突變,抑制起幅沖擊,提高汽車起重機在組合動作下的起幅抗沖擊性能。(5)對加壓變幅系統(tǒng)的落幅操控性和組合動作下的起幅抗沖擊性能進行了試驗研究。落幅均勻性試驗結(jié)果顯示,加壓變幅系統(tǒng)存在流量峰值,落幅角速度存在明顯的減小趨勢,表明加壓變幅系統(tǒng)可以對變幅小角度或重載工況的落幅角速度進行限制,提高汽車起重機的落幅均勻性。落幅平穩(wěn)性試驗結(jié)果顯示,各工況下系統(tǒng)壓力和流量平穩(wěn),變幅角度的波動范圍很小,表明加壓變幅系統(tǒng)具有良好的落幅平穩(wěn)性。對改進前后的汽車起重機進行了起幅落鉤組合動作試驗。試驗結(jié)果顯示,改進后汽車起重機的起幅流量突變顯著改善,垂直方向的振動加速度明顯減小,起幅抗沖擊性能得到提高。
[Abstract]:The automobile crane is one of the most widely used engineering machinery in the construction of engineering, which mainly includes four movements such as rolling, expansion, amplitude variation and rotation. The domestic automobile crane does not allow telescopic action in the lifting operation, so the amplitude becomes the only can change the operating radius of action, operation efficiency and safety directly affects the vehicle crane luffing system, so the research has important practical significance and engineering value of luffing system. The variable amplitude system can be divided into the gravity variable amplitude system and the dynamic amplitude system according to the way of the falling amplitude. The gravity luffing system in luffing angle or light load, the argument falls too slow, low working efficiency; and in the range of small angle or overload, phase fall too fast, easy to cause safety accidents. The power variable amplitude system is greatly influenced by the load fluctuation, and the stability of the falling amplitude is poor, and the operation efficiency and safety are reduced. In addition, when the truck crane using the LUDV system carries out the combination action of the hooked hook, it is easy to appear the phenomenon of the amplitude impact, which reduces the efficiency and safety of the operation. In order to improve the impact control performance of the truck crane and the impact performance of the combined action and improve the efficiency and safety, the main research work is as follows: (1) aiming at the shortcomings of the traditional amplitude control system, a pressure amplitude adjustment method is proposed. The establishment of the mathematical model of pressurized luffing system, obtain the load characteristics of luffing hydraulic system as well as the variation of the speed of falling angle. The evaluation method of the maneuverability of the falling amplitude is put forward, and the influence of the main components and parameters of the variable amplitude hydraulic system on the control of the falling amplitude is analyzed. The numerical analysis is carried out by MATLAB software, and the results show that the uniformity of the falling amplitude of the pressure variable amplitude system is obviously improved. The simulation of luffing hydraulic system is carried out by using AMESim software. The results show that the pressure swing system improves the uniformity of falling amplitude without reducing the stability of falling amplitude significantly. (2) according to the amplitude of small angle or heavy load drop velocity argument, flow saturation on the amplitude of the balance valve, the influence of amplitude on falling velocity amplitude balance valve. Numerical simulation and bench test results show that the control pressure is, the greater flow reached saturation point, flow saturation pressure decreases first, then increases gradually; the flow area is smaller, the smaller flow saturation point, saturated flow pressure is large; in the same spool stroke on the premise of flow the saturation point decreased with spring stiffness decreases, reaching saturated flow pressure is reduced. Through the improvement of the structure variation of the balance valve, limit the fall speed improves the argument, amplitude uniformity fall of truck crane. (3) a numerical algorithm for the characteristic parameters of the variable amplitude balancing valve is proposed. Based on the three-dimensional model of the luffing balance valve, the different valve spool displacement intervals are selected according to certain rules, the discrete valve port parameters of each displacement are calculated, and then the continuous valve port parameters corresponding to the displacement of the spool are obtained by the three spline difference method. The parameters are used to study the flow saturation characteristic of the variable amplitude balance valve. The simulation and experimental results are basically consistent, and the feasibility of the numerical algorithm is verified. (4) the anti impact performance of the crane is studied under the combined action. Put forward the evaluation method of anti shock performance, analysis of the causes of the response of the LUDV system in the combination of action and shock generated, put forward to improve the picture flow technique, AMESim simulation results show that the method can effectively decrease the picture flow mutation, inhibit shock, improve the automobile crane in the picture under the combined action of anti shock performance. (5) the amplitude control of the pressurized variable amplitude system and the performance of the shock resistance under the combined action were tested. Drop amplitude uniformity test results show that the existence of peak flow pressure drop angle velocity of the luffing system, significantly decreasing trend, that pressure can speed argument falls to the luffing system of small amplitude angle or heavy load conditions are restricted, improve the uniformity of amplitude fall of truck crane. The results of falling stability test show that under different working conditions, the system pressure and flow rate are stable, and the fluctuation range of amplitude angle is very small, which indicates that the pressure swing system has good stability of falling amplitude. The combined action test of the hooked hook was carried out before and after the improvement of the truck crane. The test results show that the amplitude change of the crane crane's flow is significantly improved, the vertical acceleration is obviously reduced, and the amplitude impact resistance is improved.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：長安大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TH213.6

【參考文獻】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前10條

1 劉冬一;丁小峰;;起重機液壓變幅機構(gòu)抖動現(xiàn)象分析及改進措施[J];公路與汽運;2016年03期

2 程培寶;;基于LUDV系統(tǒng)挖掘機液壓系統(tǒng)設(shè)計分析[J];機械設(shè)計與制造;2016年03期

3 李勝;阮健;孟彬;;二維電液比例換向閥動態(tài)特性及穩(wěn)定性分析[J];機械工程學(xué)報;2016年02期

4 張江濤;劉彬;權(quán)龍;;基于LUDV系統(tǒng)純電驅(qū)液壓挖掘機能耗特性分析[J];液壓與氣動;2015年09期

5 張立杰;王力航;李德新;王帥;;負(fù)載敏感閥前補償系統(tǒng)原理分析[J];液壓與氣動;2015年07期

6 尹升;龔進;官通;;液壓挖掘機多路閥LUDV系統(tǒng)動態(tài)特性研究[J];計算機仿真;2014年11期

7 周海強;周志強;;液壓平衡回路設(shè)計[J];流體傳動與控制;2014年06期

8 肖前龍;廖金軍;;負(fù)載敏感LUDV系統(tǒng)特性分析與研究[J];流體傳動與控制;2014年05期

9 易迪升;彭勇;江濤;李維嘉;;起重機液壓系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu)改進與效率提高[J];液壓與氣動;2014年08期

10 馬春峰;隋冬枝;;閥前補償和閥后補償?shù)奶攸c及應(yīng)用[J];煤礦機械;2014年08期

相關(guān)博士學(xué)位論文 前1條

1 紀(jì)緒;大噸位履帶起重機液壓系統(tǒng)的動態(tài)特性研究[D];吉林大學(xué);2013年

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前10條

1 羅炎熱;新型負(fù)載敏感平衡閥結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計及其動態(tài)特性研究[D];湘潭大學(xué);2015年

2 李陽;適應(yīng)負(fù)載變化的平衡閥設(shè)計研究[D];大連海事大學(xué);2015年

3 陳明明;超越負(fù)載工況下平衡閥穩(wěn)定性研究[D];吉林大學(xué);2015年

4 耿開輝;汽車起重機動力學(xué)仿真及運動可靠性研究[D];合肥工業(yè)大學(xué);2015年

5 郝楠楠;汽車起重機動力、起升系統(tǒng)參數(shù)優(yōu)化及節(jié)能分析[D];太原科技大學(xué);2015年

6 張領(lǐng);鐵路救援起重機變幅系統(tǒng)機液耦合聯(lián)合仿真研究[D];哈爾濱理工大學(xué);2015年

7 苑兆騰;汽車起重機變幅液壓系統(tǒng)及插裝平衡閥的研究與分析[D];天津理工大學(xué);2015年

8 莊莉;新型抗負(fù)載波動回轉(zhuǎn)緩沖控制閥設(shè)計與優(yōu)化[D];浙江大學(xué);2014年

9 劉洋;工程機械多路閥空化問題研究[D];浙江大學(xué);2014年

10 楊耀祥;泵車臂架多路閥仿真與試驗研究[D];長安大學(xué);2013年

，

本文編號：1343532