【摘要】：二十世紀八十年代，隨著全球經濟一體化趨勢日益增強和國際分工的不斷深化，國際間資本流動加速，生產要素跨國流動的自由化程度越來越高，這預示著世界經濟步入了一個新的發(fā)展階段。外資作為經濟活動中最活躍、最重要的因素，在經濟發(fā)展中扮演著越來越重要的角色，甚至成為發(fā)展中國家經濟起飛和持續(xù)增長的主要推動力量之一。然而，經濟的發(fā)展不僅是總產出持續(xù)的增長，還對經濟結構的不斷優(yōu)化變遷提出了更高的要求。產業(yè)結構又是經濟結構最重要的組成部分，產業(yè)結構的優(yōu)化升級是推動經濟增長不可或缺的因素。經濟全球化浪潮中，產業(yè)結構的變動除了自身因素的影響外，還受到與外部經濟因素的干擾，比如國際貿易、國際金融和外商直接投資等。其中，外商直接投資（FDI）是影響產業(yè)結構變動的重要外部因素。 作為我國第一批沿海開放城市之一的青島，是山東省內吸收外資最多的城市。三十多年來，青島市利用外商直接投資已經形成了全方位、多層次、寬領域的引資格局，取得了巨大的成績。外商直接投資已經成為促進青島經濟增長、增加收入和擴大就業(yè)的重要因素。通過利用外資，青島市引進了大量的資金、技術和先進的管理經驗，并由此促進了當地產業(yè)技術水平的提高和調整，有力的促進了青島的經濟發(fā)展。 但是，在引進外資促進經濟發(fā)展的同時，也不可避免的存在著不容忽視的負面效應，比如：外商直接投資的行業(yè)結構和產業(yè)結構不合理,投向第二產業(yè)的比重過大；引進項目多為勞動密集型產業(yè)，技術含量低，且存在低水平重復引進和建設等問題；一些外商將污染性產業(yè)以及淘汰的技術、設備和生產工藝等轉移，對生態(tài)環(huán)境造成不利影響。并且從全國來看，目前我國吸引外資已經從80年代大規(guī)模、無選擇或少選擇、重數量階段轉變?yōu)楦咚�、重選擇、講質量的階段。綜上所述，作為山東省甚至全國對外開放的主要窗口，分析青島市外商直接投資的產業(yè)結構特點，研究如何利用外商直接投資促進產業(yè)結構優(yōu)化升級，，從而實現(xiàn)青島市經濟社會全面協(xié)調可持續(xù)發(fā)展，就具有十分重要的現(xiàn)實意義。 本文在全力建設山東半島藍色經濟區(qū)的背景下，針對青島市的具體情況，對引進外資進行甄別和分析，研究青島市利用外資的戰(zhàn)略目標、戰(zhàn)略方向和產業(yè)選擇等，具體指出優(yōu)先引進哪些產業(yè)、禁止引進哪些產業(yè)，為相關部門制定利用外資政策提供參考。
[Abstract]:In the 1980s, with the increasing trend of global economic integration and the deepening of the international division of labor, international capital flows accelerated, and the degree of liberalization of cross-border flows of factors of production became more and more high. This indicates that the world economy has entered a new stage of development. As the most active and important factor in economic activities, foreign capital plays a more and more important role in economic development, and even becomes one of the main driving forces of developing countries' economic take-off and sustained growth. However, the development of economy is not only the continuous growth of total output, but also puts forward higher requirements for the continuous optimization and change of economic structure. Industrial structure is also the most important part of economic structure, the optimization and upgrading of industrial structure is an indispensable factor to promote economic growth. In the tide of economic globalization, the change of industrial structure is not only influenced by its own factors, but also interfered with external economic factors, such as international trade, international finance and foreign direct investment. Among them, the foreign direct investment (FDI) is the important external factor which affects the industrial structure change. Qingdao, one of the first coastal open cities in China, is the city with the largest amount of foreign investment in Shandong Province. In the past three decades, Qingdao has made great achievements in attracting foreign investment in all-round, multi-level and wide fields. Foreign direct investment has become an important factor to promote economic growth, increase income and expand employment in Qingdao. Through the use of foreign capital, Qingdao has introduced a lot of capital, technology and advanced management experience, and thus promoted the improvement and adjustment of the local industrial technology level, and effectively promoted the economic development of Qingdao. However, while introducing foreign capital to promote economic development, there are inevitable negative effects that can not be ignored. For example: the industrial structure and industrial structure of foreign direct investment is unreasonable, the proportion to the secondary industry is too large; Most of the imported projects are labor-intensive industries with low technical content and problems such as low-level repeated introduction and construction. Some foreign investors will transfer polluting industries, technologies, equipment and production processes, which will adversely affect the ecological environment. And from the national point of view, at present, our country has attracted foreign capital from the 80's large-scale, no choice or little choice, heavy quantity stage to high level, emphasis on choice, emphasis on the quality of the stage. In summary, as the main window of Shandong Province and even the whole country, this paper analyzes the characteristics of the industrial structure of foreign direct investment in Qingdao, and studies how to use foreign direct investment to promote the optimization and upgrading of industrial structure. Thus, it is of great practical significance to realize the overall coordinated and sustainable development of Qingdao's economy and society. Under the background of constructing the blue economic zone of Shandong Peninsula, this paper discriminates and analyzes the introduction of foreign capital according to the specific situation of Qingdao City, and studies the strategic target, strategic direction and industrial choice of Qingdao City's utilization of foreign capital, and so on. It points out which industries are first introduced and which industries are forbidden to be introduced, which provides reference for the relevant departments to formulate policies on the utilization of foreign capital.
【學位授予單位】：河南大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：F832.6;F127

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