吉林省城鄉(xiāng)居民收入分配差距問題研究
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2019-03-27 10:01
【摘要】：改革開放30多年以來，中國經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展取得了舉世矚目的成就，城鎮(zhèn)居民人均可支配收入由1978年的343元增加到2011年的20810元，農(nóng)村居民人均純收入由134元增加到6977元，城鄉(xiāng)居民收入持續(xù)穩(wěn)步增長。然而，中國的人均收入分配差距卻進(jìn)一步擴(kuò)大，城鄉(xiāng)居民收入比由1978年的2.56：1上升到2008年的3.31：1。這些數(shù)據(jù)顯示，我國經(jīng)濟(jì)增長所積累的物質(zhì)財(cái)富在社會(huì)各階層中存在著不合理的分配。收入分配問題既是典型的經(jīng)濟(jì)問題，又是關(guān)系到國計(jì)民生的社會(huì)問題。全面深入地研究吉林省城鄉(xiāng)居民收入差距問題，對(duì)于統(tǒng)籌城鄉(xiāng)經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展，以及探索東北地區(qū)農(nóng)民增收的可行途徑，都具有十分重要的理論和現(xiàn)實(shí)意義。 通過對(duì)吉林城鄉(xiāng)居民收入分配差距的實(shí)證分析，得出結(jié)果為：2003年到2012年的十年間，吉林省城鄉(xiāng)收入絕對(duì)差距逐年擴(kuò)大，相對(duì)差距略有縮小，城鄉(xiāng)人均收入的比值一直在降低，工資性收入和家庭經(jīng)營性收入分別是城鎮(zhèn)和農(nóng)村居民收入的最主要來源，財(cái)產(chǎn)性收入和轉(zhuǎn)移性收入在城鎮(zhèn)、農(nóng)村居民收入中的比例較小。與沿海發(fā)達(dá)省份相比，，吉林省城鄉(xiāng)居民之間收入的差距更為顯著，而且在居民收入構(gòu)成上有差別，這反映了吉林省經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展水平不夠高，經(jīng)濟(jì)總量還不夠大的現(xiàn)狀。在此基礎(chǔ)上，得出關(guān)于吉林省城鄉(xiāng)居民收入差距擴(kuò)大的影響因素的分析。本文認(rèn)為造成吉林省城鄉(xiāng)差距持續(xù)擴(kuò)大的因素有以下幾方面：二元經(jīng)濟(jì)結(jié)構(gòu)因素、經(jīng)濟(jì)體制改革因素、政府調(diào)控與政策因素、經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展水平因素和城鄉(xiāng)勞動(dòng)力差異因素，這些因素都造成了吉林省城鄉(xiāng)居民收入差距的持續(xù)擴(kuò)大。 根據(jù)以上的研究，本文針對(duì)居民收入差距的產(chǎn)生原因，提出了對(duì)策建議如下：統(tǒng)籌城鄉(xiāng)發(fā)展，縮小城鄉(xiāng)差距；轉(zhuǎn)移改革重心，堅(jiān)持?jǐn)U大開放；提供政策支持，完善稅制改革；健全社保機(jī)制，提高農(nóng)村社保覆蓋率；重視農(nóng)村教育，實(shí)現(xiàn)教育公平。總而言之，中央和我省地方政府都應(yīng)該著力改變城鄉(xiāng)收入不平等的現(xiàn)狀，改善農(nóng)村居民收入狀況，縮小消除城鄉(xiāng)貧富差別。
[Abstract]:Over the past 30 years or so since reform and opening-up, China's economic development has made remarkable achievements. The per capita disposable income of urban residents has increased from 343yuan in 1978 to 20810 yuan in 2011, and the per capita net income of rural residents has increased from 134yuan to 6977 yuan. The income of urban and rural residents continued to increase steadily. However, China's per capita income distribution gap has widened further, with the income ratio of urban and rural residents rising from 2.56 per cent in 1978 to 3.31 per cent in 2008. These data show that the material wealth accumulated by China's economic growth is unreasonably distributed among all social strata. Income distribution is not only a typical economic problem, but also a social problem related to the national economy and people's livelihood. A thorough study of the income gap between urban and rural residents in Jilin Province is of great theoretical and practical significance for coordinating the coordinated development of urban and rural economy and society and exploring feasible ways to increase farmers' income in Northeast China. Through an empirical analysis of the income distribution gap between urban and rural residents in Jilin Province, the results are as follows: from 2003 to 2012, the absolute income gap between urban and rural areas in Jilin Province widened year by year, the relative gap narrowed slightly, and the ratio of per capita income between urban and rural areas has been decreasing. Wage income and household operating income are the main sources of income of urban and rural residents respectively. The proportion of property income and transferable income in urban and rural areas is relatively small. Compared with the developed coastal provinces, the income gap between urban and rural residents in Jilin Province is more significant, and there are differences in the composition of residents' income. This reflects the fact that the level of economic development in Jilin Province is not high enough, and the economic gross is not big enough. On this basis, the analysis of the factors affecting the widening income gap between urban and rural residents in Jilin Province. This article thinks that the factors that cause the urban-rural gap of Jilin Province to widen continuously are as follows: dual economic structure factor, economic system reform factor, government regulation and policy factor, economic development level factor and urban-rural labor force difference factor, the economic development level factor and the urban-rural labor force difference factor. These factors have caused the continuous expansion of the income gap between urban and rural residents in Jilin Province. According to the above research, this paper puts forward the countermeasures and suggestions as follows: to coordinate the development of urban and rural areas, to narrow the gap between urban and rural areas; to shift the center of reform, to adhere to the expansion of opening up; to provide policy support and perfect the tax system reform; Improve the social security mechanism, improve the coverage rate of rural social security, attach importance to rural education, achieve educational equity. In a word, both the central government and the local governments of our province should make great efforts to change the income inequality between urban and rural areas, improve the income of rural residents and narrow the gap between the rich and the poor in urban and rural areas.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：F124.7
本文編號(hào)：2448084
[Abstract]:Over the past 30 years or so since reform and opening-up, China's economic development has made remarkable achievements. The per capita disposable income of urban residents has increased from 343yuan in 1978 to 20810 yuan in 2011, and the per capita net income of rural residents has increased from 134yuan to 6977 yuan. The income of urban and rural residents continued to increase steadily. However, China's per capita income distribution gap has widened further, with the income ratio of urban and rural residents rising from 2.56 per cent in 1978 to 3.31 per cent in 2008. These data show that the material wealth accumulated by China's economic growth is unreasonably distributed among all social strata. Income distribution is not only a typical economic problem, but also a social problem related to the national economy and people's livelihood. A thorough study of the income gap between urban and rural residents in Jilin Province is of great theoretical and practical significance for coordinating the coordinated development of urban and rural economy and society and exploring feasible ways to increase farmers' income in Northeast China. Through an empirical analysis of the income distribution gap between urban and rural residents in Jilin Province, the results are as follows: from 2003 to 2012, the absolute income gap between urban and rural areas in Jilin Province widened year by year, the relative gap narrowed slightly, and the ratio of per capita income between urban and rural areas has been decreasing. Wage income and household operating income are the main sources of income of urban and rural residents respectively. The proportion of property income and transferable income in urban and rural areas is relatively small. Compared with the developed coastal provinces, the income gap between urban and rural residents in Jilin Province is more significant, and there are differences in the composition of residents' income. This reflects the fact that the level of economic development in Jilin Province is not high enough, and the economic gross is not big enough. On this basis, the analysis of the factors affecting the widening income gap between urban and rural residents in Jilin Province. This article thinks that the factors that cause the urban-rural gap of Jilin Province to widen continuously are as follows: dual economic structure factor, economic system reform factor, government regulation and policy factor, economic development level factor and urban-rural labor force difference factor, the economic development level factor and the urban-rural labor force difference factor. These factors have caused the continuous expansion of the income gap between urban and rural residents in Jilin Province. According to the above research, this paper puts forward the countermeasures and suggestions as follows: to coordinate the development of urban and rural areas, to narrow the gap between urban and rural areas; to shift the center of reform, to adhere to the expansion of opening up; to provide policy support and perfect the tax system reform; Improve the social security mechanism, improve the coverage rate of rural social security, attach importance to rural education, achieve educational equity. In a word, both the central government and the local governments of our province should make great efforts to change the income inequality between urban and rural areas, improve the income of rural residents and narrow the gap between the rich and the poor in urban and rural areas.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：F124.7
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