【摘要】：貧困,是人類社會(huì)產(chǎn)生以來(lái)就存在的一種經(jīng)濟(jì)現(xiàn)象,同時(shí)也是一種社會(huì)現(xiàn)象。尋求擺脫貧困,追求幸福生活,是人類從古至今從未間斷過(guò)的艱苦斗爭(zhēng)和實(shí)踐活動(dòng)。當(dāng)今,貧困問(wèn)題仍然是全世界密切關(guān)注的重大經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)問(wèn)題,也是中國(guó)貧困地區(qū)社會(huì)主義經(jīng)濟(jì)建設(shè)中亟待解決的重大戰(zhàn)略問(wèn)題。 中國(guó)經(jīng)過(guò)三十多年的扶貧工作,農(nóng)村貧困人口逐年減少,貧困分布特征也隨之發(fā)生了變化：貧困人口主要集中在西北黃土高原區(qū)、西南大石山區(qū)、秦巴貧困山區(qū)以及青藏高寒區(qū)等幾類地區(qū),貧困在空間分布上呈現(xiàn)出明顯的地緣性特征。這就是“空間貧困”(spatial poverty)理論和“貧困地理學(xué)”(The Geography of Poverty)所研究的范圍。文章以《中國(guó)農(nóng)村扶貧開(kāi)發(fā)綱要(2011—2020年)》確定的寧夏六盤(pán)山連片特困區(qū)內(nèi)的西吉縣為研究對(duì)象,以鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)為基本單元,以空間貧困和貧困地理等相關(guān)理論為指導(dǎo),分別從自然、社會(huì)和經(jīng)濟(jì)三個(gè)方面,構(gòu)建了影響區(qū)域貧困的17個(gè)指標(biāo)體系,通過(guò)Pearson相關(guān)分析對(duì)致貧因子和消貧因子進(jìn)行了區(qū)分,應(yīng)用OLS回歸分析量化了各因素的影響度,在GIS和BP-ANN技術(shù)支撐下,模擬地理資本指數(shù)及其空間分布,計(jì)算空間貧困指數(shù),劃分空間貧困地域類型和繪制空間貧困地圖,揭示空間貧困格局及其分異機(jī)制,提供貧困地域類型分異的解釋框架,主要研究結(jié)論包括： (1)通過(guò)Pearson相關(guān)分析,得到區(qū)域貧困的機(jī)制問(wèn)題總結(jié)為： 自然條件是一個(gè)區(qū)域最基礎(chǔ)的致貧因素,而社會(huì)致貧條件在此基礎(chǔ)上加劇了這種貧困趨勢(shì)；經(jīng)濟(jì)條件則是緩解區(qū)域貧困化的有效消貧因素。并通過(guò)OLS回歸估計(jì)分析,量化了各因素對(duì)區(qū)域貧困的影響程度； (2)基于GIS和BP神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)的空間模擬分析表明： 自然致貧指數(shù)高和較高的共有8個(gè)鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn),主要集中在東北土石山區(qū),自然致貧指數(shù)較小的鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)分布在葫蘆河川道區(qū)和西南黃土丘陵溝壑區(qū)的部分地區(qū)；社會(huì)致貧指數(shù)較大的8個(gè)鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)主要集中在西吉縣的南部地區(qū)和東北部地區(qū),這8個(gè)鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)最大的共同點(diǎn)就是回族人口所占比重都超過(guò)了70%以上；經(jīng)濟(jì)消貧指數(shù)的空間分布特征沒(méi)有自然、社會(huì)致貧指數(shù)那么明顯,其分布相對(duì)凌亂,沒(méi)有明顯的規(guī)律。吉強(qiáng)鎮(zhèn)是西吉縣行政中心所在地,經(jīng)濟(jì)貿(mào)易活動(dòng)頻繁,較其他鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展水平較高。 (3)基于扶貧壓力指數(shù)所定義的區(qū)域貧困程度分析表明： 扶貧壓力指數(shù)比較大的鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)還是主要分布在西吉北部及東北部的土石山區(qū),惡劣的自然條件、過(guò)大的社會(huì)(人口)壓力及落后的經(jīng)濟(jì)基礎(chǔ)等三個(gè)與區(qū)域貧困相關(guān)的典型因素,導(dǎo)致了這個(gè)區(qū)域扶貧壓力指數(shù)的偏大及貧困程度的偏高。 結(jié)合上述研究,進(jìn)一步提出了西吉縣各鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)在扶貧過(guò)程中的對(duì)策建議,主要包括： (1)水資源是西吉縣發(fā)展經(jīng)濟(jì)最大的限制性因素,所以要想法通過(guò)引水工程解決水資源問(wèn)題。 (2)在自然致貧指數(shù)高的鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)重點(diǎn)保護(hù)生態(tài)環(huán)境,在條件較好的區(qū)域發(fā)展設(shè)施農(nóng)業(yè),條件惡劣的地區(qū)實(shí)施生態(tài)移民。 (3)在社會(huì)致貧指數(shù)高和經(jīng)濟(jì)消貧指數(shù)低的鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)完善基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè),促進(jìn)社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展。 (4)西吉縣要整體加強(qiáng)教育、衛(wèi)生等社會(huì)保障建設(shè),提高農(nóng)民的整體素質(zhì)。
[Abstract]:Poverty, a kind of economic phenomenon that existed since the production of human society, is also a kind of social phenomenon. Seeking to get rid of poverty and the pursuit of a happy life is the hard struggle and the practical activities that the human has never interrupted since the ancient time. Nowadays, the problem of poverty is still a major economic and social problem of close attention to the whole world. It is also a major strategic problem to be solved urgently in the construction of the socialist economy in the poor areas of China. After more than 30 years of poverty alleviation, the rural poor in the countryside have been reduced year by year, and the distribution of poverty has also changed. The poverty-stricken population is mainly concentrated in the northwest Loess Plateau, the mountainous area in the southwest, the poor mountainous area of the Qinba and the high and cold areas in the Qinghai-Tibet region. In the region, poverty has a distinct geographical position in the spatial distribution. This is the sign of the "space poverty" of the theory and the "poverty geography" of Povelty. The paper is guided by the relevant theories such as the spatial poverty and the poverty geography from the three sides of the natural, the society and the economy, taking the villages and towns as the basic units, taking the villages and towns as the basic units, taking the villages and towns as the basic units, taking the villages and towns as the basic units, and taking the towns as the basic units. In this paper,17 index systems for regional poverty were constructed, and the factors of poverty reduction and poverty reduction were distinguished by Pearson correlation analysis. The influence of each factor was quantified by using OLS regression analysis, and the geographic capital index and its space were simulated under the support of GIS and BP-ANN. The paper, by calculating the spatial poverty index, dividing the spatial poverty area type and drawing the spatial poverty map, reveals the spatial poverty pattern and its differentiation mechanism, and provides an explanation framework for the type differentiation of the poverty area, and the main research conclusion package includes: (1) passing the Pearson phase On the mechanism of regional poverty by cross-cutting analysis The summary is that natural conditions are the most basic causes of poverty in a region, and the conditions of social poverty increase the trend of poverty. The economic conditions are the existence of the poverty alleviation in the region. The effect of the factors on regional poverty is quantified by the regression estimation of OLS. the influence degree of the (2) based on the GIS and the BP neural network The results of the inter-simulation show that the natural poverty index is high and the higher of the total is 8 towns, mainly The villages and towns concentrated in the mountainous area of the north-east and the lower index of natural poverty are distributed in some parts of the river channel area of the calabash and the hilly and gully regions of the south-west loess. The 8 townships with a large social poverty index are mainly concentrated in the south of the Xiji County. The largest common ground in the eight towns is that the proportion of the Hui's population is over 70%. The spatial distribution of the economic and poverty-eliminating index is not natural and the social-poverty index is obvious, and its distribution is relatively high. There is no obvious law. Jiqiang Town is the location of the administrative center of Xiji County, and the economic and trade activities are frequent and other countries The level of the town's economic development is high. (3) It is based on the poverty-relief pressure index. The analysis of the regional poverty level shows that the rural towns with relatively large poverty-relief pressure index are mainly distributed in the north and the north-east of Xiji The typical factors related to regional poverty, such as the mountainous area, the severe natural conditions, the overlarge social (population) pressure and the backward economic base, have led to the poverty relief pressure in the region In combination with the above-mentioned research, this paper further puts forward the villages and towns in Xiji County. The countermeasures in the process of poverty alleviation mainly include: (1) the water resource is the most restrictive factor of the development economy in Xiji County, and in order to solve the problem of water resources through the water diversion project, (2) to protect the ecological environment in the areas with high natural poverty index, and to develop in a better condition The implementation of eco-migration in areas with poor agricultural and living conditions. (3) The index of poverty-related poverty and the economic and poverty-eliminating index To improve the construction of the infrastructure and promote the social and economic development of the low villages and towns; and (4) the whole city of Xiji
【學(xué)位授予單位】：寧夏大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：F129.9

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