【摘要】：近年來，隨著我國社會經濟的持續(xù)發(fā)展，我國居民的消費總量也不斷上升。但由于社會保障制度不完善等種種因素，使得我國消費率逐年下降，城鄉(xiāng)居民消費結構優(yōu)化速度緩慢，進而影響我國經濟的持續(xù)健康發(fā)展。尤其是在當前產能結構性過剩、內需嚴重不足的經濟形勢下，優(yōu)化居民消費結構、提振居民消費更成為政府迫切需要解決的問題�；诖�，我國政府通過逐年增加衛(wèi)生支出的投入力度，以期保障居民基本醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生需求，釋放居民在家庭設備、文教娛樂等項目的消費能力，從而實現(xiàn)優(yōu)化居民消費結構、提振居民消費的政策目的。 在此背景下，文章從我國現(xiàn)實情況出發(fā)，通過回顧改革開放以來我國政府衛(wèi)生投入與城鄉(xiāng)居民消費結構發(fā)展變化趨勢及特點，分別從政府介入衛(wèi)生醫(yī)療市場的理論依據(jù)、政府介入衛(wèi)生醫(yī)療市場的基本途徑以及政府介入衛(wèi)生醫(yī)療市場的現(xiàn)實經濟意義等方面論述了政府加大衛(wèi)生投入的必要性，，并為文章研究政府衛(wèi)生投入與居民消費結構變化尋找理論基礎。 在理論分析基礎上，文章依據(jù)全國31個省市城鄉(xiāng)2004—2011年相關數(shù)據(jù)建立Panel Data模型，分別從城鄉(xiāng)角度分析政府衛(wèi)生投入對居民消費率以及消費結構的影響。結果表明：政府財政支出用于醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生占比與城鄉(xiāng)居民消費率之間相關性為正，意味著政府加大衛(wèi)生投入可提高居民消費率；另外政府衛(wèi)生投入對居民消費結構也有一定影響。具體而言，對城鎮(zhèn)居民而言，加大政府衛(wèi)生投入可降低食品消費占總消費比重，提高衣著、居住、家庭設備、文教娛樂等消費占總消費比重；對農村居民而言，加大政府衛(wèi)生投入可降低通信消費占總消費比重，提高居住、家庭設備、文教娛樂等消費占總消費比重。通過上述實證分析，證明我國政府加大衛(wèi)生支出確實可通過保障居民基本衛(wèi)生需求來實現(xiàn)優(yōu)化城鄉(xiāng)居民消費結構，增強城鄉(xiāng)居民消費能力的政策初衷，為政府進一步通過加大衛(wèi)生支出實現(xiàn)提振消費、拉動內需的政策提供數(shù)據(jù)支持。最后文章從繼續(xù)加大政府衛(wèi)生支出力度、加快醫(yī)療保障制度改革以及縮小城鄉(xiāng)收入差距等三方面為政府進一步通過加大衛(wèi)生支出提出建議。
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the sustainable development of China's social economy, the total consumption of Chinese residents is also rising. However, due to the imperfect social security system and other factors, the consumption rate of our country is decreasing year by year, and the speed of optimizing the consumption structure of urban and rural residents is slow, which will affect the sustainable and healthy development of our country's economy. Especially in the current economic situation of structural overcapacity and serious shortage of domestic demand, optimizing the consumption structure of residents and boosting the consumption of residents has become an urgent problem to be solved by the government. Based on this, our government will increase the investment of health expenditure year by year, in order to ensure the basic medical and health needs of residents, to release the consumption ability of residents in household equipment, cultural and educational entertainment, and so on, so as to optimize the consumption structure of residents. The policy purpose of boosting residents' consumption. Under this background, the article proceeds from the reality situation of our country, by reviewing the development trend and characteristics of the government's health investment and the consumption structure of urban and rural residents since the reform and opening up, respectively, from the theoretical basis of the government's intervention in the health and medical market. The basic ways of government intervention in the health care market and the practical economic significance of government intervention in the health care market are discussed in this paper, and the necessity of increasing government investment in health care is discussed. It also provides a theoretical basis for the study of the changes of government health investment and the consumption structure of residents. On the basis of theoretical analysis, this paper establishes a Panel Data model based on the relevant data of 31 provinces and cities from 2004 to 2011, and analyzes the effects of government health investment on the consumption rate and consumption structure from the perspective of urban and rural areas. The results show that the positive correlation between the proportion of government expenditure on health care and the consumption rate of urban and rural residents means that the increase of government health investment can improve the consumption rate of residents, and the government health investment also has a certain impact on the consumption structure of residents. In particular, for urban residents, increasing government health investment can reduce the proportion of food consumption, improve clothing, housing, family equipment, cultural and educational entertainment and other consumption in the proportion of total consumption; For rural residents, increasing government health investment can reduce the proportion of communication consumption in total consumption, and increase the proportion of residential, household equipment, cultural and educational entertainment, etc. Through the above empirical analysis, it is proved that the government can realize the policy intention of optimizing the consumption structure of urban and rural residents and enhancing the consumption ability of urban and rural residents by ensuring the basic health needs of residents. It provides data support for government policies to boost consumption and boost domestic demand by increasing health expenditure. Finally, the paper puts forward some suggestions for the government to further increase health expenditure from three aspects: continuing to increase government health expenditure, speeding up the reform of medical security system and narrowing the income gap between urban and rural areas.
【學位授予單位】：山西財經大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：F224;F126.1;F812.45

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