【摘要】：城鄉(xiāng)收入差距問(wèn)題是收入分配問(wèn)題中的重點(diǎn)與難點(diǎn)之一,也是制約城鄉(xiāng)統(tǒng)籌發(fā)展與國(guó)內(nèi)消費(fèi)不足的重要因素,因此,解決城鄉(xiāng)收入差距問(wèn)題尤為重要。學(xué)者們已對(duì)城鄉(xiāng)收入差距的影響因素與對(duì)策建議進(jìn)行較多研究,但多數(shù)都是以全國(guó)或者單個(gè)省為研究對(duì)象進(jìn)行研究,忽視了中國(guó)各地區(qū)不同的發(fā)展水平,不同地區(qū)表現(xiàn)出的城鄉(xiāng)收入差距主要成因不同,應(yīng)該采取針對(duì)性的解決對(duì)策。文章根據(jù)“倒U型理論”的相關(guān)觀點(diǎn)及相關(guān)學(xué)者的研究,結(jié)合中國(guó)實(shí)際情況將中國(guó)內(nèi)地31個(gè)省、直轄市目前的城鄉(xiāng)收入差距分為四種類型：低水平低城鄉(xiāng)收入差距、低水平高城鄉(xiāng)收入差距、高水平高城鄉(xiāng)收入差距、高水平低城鄉(xiāng)收入差距。在分類的基礎(chǔ)上,找出各類型城鄉(xiāng)收入差距的主要成因,并提出針對(duì)性的解決對(duì)策。 文章首先選取典型省或直轄市作為研究對(duì)象,對(duì)不同類型的城鄉(xiāng)收入差距,從收入來(lái)源角度進(jìn)行現(xiàn)狀比較分析,分析結(jié)果顯示,城鄉(xiāng)工資性收入差距、城鄉(xiāng)經(jīng)營(yíng)性收入差距、城鄉(xiāng)財(cái)產(chǎn)性收入差距、城鄉(xiāng)轉(zhuǎn)移性收入差距對(duì)各類型總城鄉(xiāng)收入差距的影響程度各有特點(diǎn)。其次進(jìn)行影響因素實(shí)證分析,采用統(tǒng)計(jì)圖表分析與逐步回歸法,由兩部分組成：第一部分,從收入來(lái)源角度比較分析不同類型城鄉(xiāng)收入差距成因。第二部分,對(duì)各類型城鄉(xiāng)收入差距的影響因素進(jìn)行研究。 研究結(jié)果顯示：經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展水平低的地區(qū),存在著低城鄉(xiāng)收入差距,主要由于其得天獨(dú)厚的農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展優(yōu)勢(shì),引發(fā)農(nóng)村居民的各類收入均相對(duì)較高；經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展水平低的地區(qū),存在著高城鄉(xiāng)收入差距,主要由于其農(nóng)業(yè)比較落后,農(nóng)村居民最主要的經(jīng)營(yíng)性收入較少,其城市發(fā)展在全國(guó)處于最低水平,農(nóng)村居民的其它收入來(lái)源非常有限；經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展水平高的地區(qū),存在高城鄉(xiāng)收入差距,主要在于其農(nóng)村居民收入增長(zhǎng)率遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)低于城鎮(zhèn)居民；經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展水平高的地區(qū),存在低城鄉(xiāng)收入差距,主要在于其發(fā)展城市的同時(shí)重視兼顧農(nóng)村的發(fā)展。 在研究的基礎(chǔ)上,對(duì)各類型城鄉(xiāng)收入差距提出針對(duì)性的解決對(duì)策。低水平高城鄉(xiāng)收入差距地區(qū)(貴州為例),應(yīng)大力推進(jìn)城市化、工業(yè)化進(jìn)程；國(guó)家財(cái)政政策對(duì)農(nóng)村高度傾斜；與轉(zhuǎn)入地企業(yè)合作,對(duì)農(nóng)村居民進(jìn)行教育培訓(xùn)；扶持龍頭企業(yè),實(shí)現(xiàn)農(nóng)業(yè)產(chǎn)業(yè)化經(jīng)營(yíng)；完善農(nóng)村的基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施,普及農(nóng)業(yè)技術(shù)知識(shí)。低水平低城鄉(xiāng)收入差距地區(qū)(黑龍江為例),優(yōu)化農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展,增強(qiáng)農(nóng)產(chǎn)品知名度；農(nóng)業(yè)規(guī)�；a(chǎn),提前轉(zhuǎn)移剩余勞動(dòng)力；保護(hù)農(nóng)產(chǎn)品價(jià)格,穩(wěn)定農(nóng)村居民收入；加快城鎮(zhèn)發(fā)展,提高城鎮(zhèn)居民收入。高水平高城鄉(xiāng)收入差距地區(qū)(廣東為例),加大扶貧力度,消除“馬太效應(yīng)”；破除城鄉(xiāng)二元經(jīng)濟(jì)結(jié)構(gòu),促進(jìn)機(jī)會(huì)均等；推行萬(wàn)畝良田制度,加快城鎮(zhèn)化進(jìn)程；發(fā)展農(nóng)村社區(qū)銀行,完善農(nóng)村金融。高水平低城鄉(xiāng)收入差距地區(qū)(上海為例),優(yōu)化“農(nóng)超對(duì)接”,提高經(jīng)營(yíng)性收入;廣拓就業(yè)渠道,提高工資性收入；完善各項(xiàng)政策,提高轉(zhuǎn)移性收入；諸多舉措并施,提高財(cái)產(chǎn)性收入。
[Abstract]:The problem of income gap between urban and rural areas is one of the key and difficult points in the problem of income distribution. It is also an important factor to restrict the overall development of urban and rural areas and the shortage of domestic consumption. Therefore, it is very important to solve the problem of the income gap between urban and rural areas. Scholars have studied the influence factors and countermeasures of the income gap between the urban and rural areas, but most of them have been studied by the whole country or a single province, and the different levels of development in different parts of China are ignored. The main causes of the income gap between the urban and rural areas are different. A targeted solution should be taken. According to the relevant viewpoints of the 鈥渋nverted U-type theory鈥，

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