【摘要】：19世紀中葉英國工業(yè)高速發(fā)展，棉紡織業(yè)成為整個英國工業(yè)革命的先導(dǎo)部門。棉紡織業(yè)的發(fā)展變革帶動了其他相關(guān)產(chǎn)業(yè)的發(fā)展，棉紡織業(yè)取得了巨大的成就給英國的城市化和工業(yè)化帶來革命性的影響。英國棉紡織業(yè)發(fā)展如此迅速，和它所處時代條件下的政治、經(jīng)濟、國際環(huán)境是分不開的。雖然整個19世紀都是棉紡織業(yè)發(fā)展的黃金時期，但1861年到1865年英國棉紡織業(yè)出現(xiàn)了嚴重的棉荒。1860年美國內(nèi)戰(zhàn)爆發(fā)，北方艦隊封鎖了南方的港口，英國棉紡織業(yè)無法獲得充足的棉花供給。美棉供給中斷直接造成了英國棉紡織業(yè)的棉荒，棉荒造成棉紡織城市的失業(yè)、貧困、饑荒等嚴重后果。經(jīng)過探析發(fā)現(xiàn)英國棉紡織業(yè)棉荒發(fā)生的原因以及由此引起的社會后果并不是簡單棉花供給的問題，還包括當(dāng)時資本主義世界的過度生產(chǎn)以及周期性危機的影響等。本文研究1861年美國內(nèi)戰(zhàn)爆發(fā)以后英國棉紡織業(yè)出現(xiàn)的問題以及由此引起的社會問題，，同時研究英國棉荒以及引起的英國城市饑荒，從不同維度分析棉荒與饑荒的時代特點。探析棉荒有助于對19世紀60年代英國棉紡織業(yè)有更深的理解，同時對研究國家間相互依存的國際關(guān)系和互相博弈的國家政策有重大意義。文章分為六章，分別從英國經(jīng)濟背景探析：市場形成、技術(shù)革命；棉荒原因探析：美國內(nèi)戰(zhàn)、過剩生產(chǎn)；棉荒影響探析:市場混亂、城市饑荒；棉荒對策的探析：棉花供給、政府救濟和對英國棉荒和城市饑荒的總結(jié)思考探析其時代意義，層次遞進式探析英國棉荒，探索英國棉荒和城市饑荒的劃時代意義。
[Abstract]:In the mid-19th century, British industry developed rapidly, and cotton textile industry became the leading department of the British Industrial Revolution. The development and transformation of cotton textile industry has led to the development of other related industries. Cotton textile industry has made great achievements in the British urbanization and industrialization has a revolutionary impact. The rapid development of British cotton textile industry is inseparable from its political, economic and international environment. Although the whole 19th century was the golden age of cotton and textile industry, there was a serious cotton shortage in England from 1861 to 1865. The American Civil War broke out in 1860, and the Northern Fleet blocked the ports of the South. The British cotton textile industry was unable to obtain sufficient cotton supplies. The interruption of American cotton supply directly caused cotton shortage in British cotton textile industry, which resulted in unemployment, poverty, famine and other serious consequences in cotton textile cities. It is found that the causes and social consequences of cotton shortage in British cotton and textile industry are not simply cotton supply problems, but also the overproduction of capitalist world at that time and the influence of cyclical crisis. This paper studies the problems and social problems in the British cotton textile industry after the American Civil War broke out in 1861. At the same time, it studies the cotton shortage in England and the urban famine in England, and analyzes the characteristics of the cotton shortage and famine from different dimensions. The analysis of cotton shortage is helpful to a deeper understanding of the British cotton textile industry in the 1860s, and is of great significance to the study of the interdependent international relations among countries and the national policies of the game. The article is divided into six chapters, respectively from the British economic background analysis: market formation, technological revolution, cotton wasteland analysis: the American Civil War, excess production, cotton famine impact: market chaos, urban famine; Analysis of cotton shortage countermeasures: cotton supply, government relief and summing up and thinking about cotton shortage and urban famine in England, the epoch significance of cotton shortage in England is analyzed, and the epoch-making significance of cotton famine and urban famine in England is explored.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：上海師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：F156.1;K561.4

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