【摘要】：我國的基本國情是我國是一個農(nóng)業(yè)大國，經(jīng)濟基礎(chǔ)相對來說比較薄弱，為了發(fā)展工業(yè)，不惜犧牲農(nóng)業(yè)的利益，致使城鄉(xiāng)二元經(jīng)濟發(fā)展格局的形成。城鄉(xiāng)二元經(jīng)濟結(jié)構(gòu)引起城鄉(xiāng)居民收入存在差異，第二產(chǎn)業(yè)以及第三產(chǎn)業(yè)的勞動生產(chǎn)率遠遠高于第一產(chǎn)業(yè)，使得農(nóng)村居民的收入大大低于城市居民的收入。此外，二元經(jīng)濟結(jié)構(gòu)導(dǎo)致生產(chǎn)要素、資本、勞動和技術(shù)等資源向城市傾斜，使農(nóng)業(yè)比非農(nóng)業(yè)、城市比農(nóng)村擁有更多的發(fā)展機遇和條件，致使城鄉(xiāng)收入差距的形成。 改革開放30多來年，重慶產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)發(fā)生了明顯的變化，由“二、一、三”向“二、三、一”結(jié)構(gòu)轉(zhuǎn)變。在我國工業(yè)化步伐不斷加快、經(jīng)濟快速增長的背景下，重慶城市居民、農(nóng)村居民的收入都得到了大幅度的提高，但是城鄉(xiāng)居民收入差距卻不斷地顯現(xiàn)出來。根據(jù)重慶統(tǒng)計年鑒2012的數(shù)據(jù)測算，重慶城鄉(xiāng)居民家庭人均收入比的值從1985年的2.5上升到2011年的3.39。城鄉(xiāng)居民收入差距的不斷擴大，勢必會對發(fā)展社會經(jīng)濟、構(gòu)建和諧社會、保持政治穩(wěn)定等產(chǎn)生負面影響，因而我們要高度重視城鄉(xiāng)收入差距日漸增大的現(xiàn)象。 產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)的變動將會引起城鄉(xiāng)收入差距發(fā)生變化，，產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整通過影響就業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)，最終引起城鄉(xiāng)收入差距發(fā)生變化。本文在對現(xiàn)有文獻進行梳理的基礎(chǔ)上，以重慶為研究對象，利用城鄉(xiāng)收入差、城鄉(xiāng)收入比對重慶城鄉(xiāng)收入差距進行測度，通過做單位根檢驗、協(xié)整檢驗揭示重慶三次產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)變動和城鄉(xiāng)收入差距之間存在長期均衡的關(guān)系，并在此基礎(chǔ)上，對產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)和城鄉(xiāng)收入差距進行Granger因果關(guān)系檢驗，結(jié)果顯示兩者互為Granger因果關(guān)系。通過做脈沖響應(yīng)分析可知，第一產(chǎn)業(yè)和第三產(chǎn)業(yè)比重的變動對城鄉(xiāng)收入差距具有負效應(yīng)，可以說明第一、三產(chǎn)業(yè)比重的增加有助于縮小城鄉(xiāng)收入差距。第二產(chǎn)業(yè)比重的變動對城鄉(xiāng)收入差距具有正效應(yīng)，即隨著第二產(chǎn)業(yè)比重的擴大，城鄉(xiāng)收入差距也將擴大。研究產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)對城鄉(xiāng)收入差距的影響，有助力于我們對城鄉(xiāng)收入差距的形成產(chǎn)生更加深入的認識，并從產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)角度提出縮小城鄉(xiāng)居民收入差距的政策建議。
[Abstract]:The basic national condition of our country is that our country is a big agricultural country, and the economic base is relatively weak. In order to develop industry, we do not hesitate to sacrifice the benefit of agriculture, resulting in the formation of dual economic development pattern in urban and rural areas. The dual economic structure of urban and rural areas leads to the difference of income between urban and rural residents. The labor productivity of the secondary and tertiary industries is much higher than that of the primary industry, which makes the income of rural residents much lower than that of urban residents. In addition, the dual economic structure causes the resources such as production factors, capital, labor and technology to incline to the city, so that agriculture has more development opportunities and conditions than non-agriculture and cities have more conditions than rural areas, resulting in the formation of income gap between urban and rural areas. In more than 30 years of reform and opening up, the industrial structure of Chongqing has changed from "two, one, three" to "two, three, one" structure. Under the background of accelerated industrialization and rapid economic growth in China, the income of urban and rural residents in Chongqing has been greatly increased, but the income gap between urban and rural residents is constantly emerging. The per capita income ratio of urban and rural households in Chongqing rose from 2. 5 in 1985 to 3. 39 in 2011, according to data from Chongqing Statistical Yearbook 2012. The widening income gap between urban and rural residents will inevitably have a negative impact on the development of social economy, the construction of a harmonious society and the maintenance of political stability. Therefore, we should attach great importance to the increasing phenomenon of income gap between urban and rural areas. The change of industrial structure will cause the change of income gap between urban and rural areas. The adjustment of industrial structure will affect the structure of employment and finally cause the change of income gap between urban and rural areas. On the basis of combing the existing literature, this paper takes Chongqing as the research object, measures the urban-rural income gap by using the urban-rural income difference and urban-rural income ratio, and through the unit root test, The cointegration test reveals that there is a long-term equilibrium relationship between the three industrial structure changes and the urban-rural income gap in Chongqing. On this basis, the Granger causality test is carried out on the industrial structure and the urban-rural income gap. The results showed that the two were Granger causality. The pulse response analysis shows that the change of the proportion of primary industry and tertiary industry has a negative effect on the urban-rural income gap, which shows that the increase of the proportion of the first and third industries can help to narrow the urban-rural income gap. The change of the proportion of the secondary industry has a positive effect on the income gap between urban and rural areas, that is, with the expansion of the proportion of the secondary industry, the income gap between urban and rural areas will also expand. The study of the influence of industrial structure on urban-rural income gap can help us to have a deeper understanding of the formation of urban-rural income gap, and put forward some policy suggestions on narrowing the income gap between urban and rural residents from the perspective of industrial structure.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：重慶工商大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：F124.7

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