區(qū)際間環(huán)境不公平問題研究
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-10-24 06:38
【摘要】：經(jīng)濟(jì)飛速發(fā)展帶來的環(huán)境問題,受到學(xué)者們的廣泛關(guān)注,但已有的研究更多是進(jìn)行生態(tài)環(huán)境問題的全局分析,即整個(gè)人類、整個(gè)國家、整個(gè)地區(qū)遭受了怎樣的環(huán)境污染,較少地分析不同經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展水平的國家、地區(qū)承受環(huán)境負(fù)擔(dān)的不公平及承擔(dān)環(huán)境責(zé)任的不公平。環(huán)境不公平的研究始于國外,國外關(guān)于環(huán)境不公平的研究更多關(guān)注在有突出種族、民族矛盾的國家及地區(qū),不同群體所遭受的環(huán)境風(fēng)險(xiǎn)不同,而且在中國并不存在類似的種族、民族矛盾,與此相比,伴隨著中國經(jīng)濟(jì)的飛速增長,中國經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)達(dá)的東部地區(qū)與經(jīng)濟(jì)落后的西部地區(qū)之間的環(huán)境不公平以及包括中國在內(nèi)的發(fā)達(dá)國家與發(fā)展中國家之間的環(huán)境不公平問題更值得關(guān)注。因而筆者將本論文的選題最終確定為區(qū)際間環(huán)境不公平問題的相關(guān)研究,論文的研究包括區(qū)際間環(huán)境不公平現(xiàn)象的分析、區(qū)際間環(huán)境不公平成因的分析及應(yīng)對區(qū)際間環(huán)境不公平的對策分析三部分內(nèi)容。 本文的研究內(nèi)容共分為八章。第一章是緒論。重點(diǎn)論述論文的選題背景、選題意義、文章采用的方法以及研究難點(diǎn)、可能的創(chuàng)新點(diǎn)和不足。第二章是文獻(xiàn)綜述。本章首先對公平和環(huán)境公平的一般認(rèn)識進(jìn)行總結(jié)梳理,作為后文分析環(huán)境不公平的一個(gè)基礎(chǔ)和參照物,然后歸納總結(jié)了國內(nèi)外關(guān)于環(huán)境不公平的表現(xiàn)形式、形成原因及相關(guān)研究方法的研究,最后對既有研究做了一個(gè)歸納述評并提出了筆者對研究環(huán)境不公平問題的框架思考。第三章是中國區(qū)際間發(fā)展差距與環(huán)境負(fù)擔(dān)不公平的現(xiàn)狀。本章首先對中國區(qū)際間發(fā)展差距與環(huán)境負(fù)擔(dān)不公平的現(xiàn)狀做了直觀描述,然后采用泰爾指數(shù),對中國廢水負(fù)擔(dān)不公平程度進(jìn)行刻畫,并分解東、中、西部地區(qū)區(qū)域內(nèi)和區(qū)域間的環(huán)境負(fù)擔(dān)不公平狀況及三大區(qū)域的環(huán)境負(fù)擔(dān)不公平對整體環(huán)境負(fù)擔(dān)不公平的貢獻(xiàn),最后運(yùn)用環(huán)境不公平指數(shù)及綠色貢獻(xiàn)系數(shù)這兩個(gè)指標(biāo)更為具體地分析了中國環(huán)境負(fù)擔(dān)不公平。第四章是區(qū)際間環(huán)境不公平的理論分析及原因解析。這一章包括以下兩方面內(nèi)容：其一,區(qū)際間環(huán)境不公平的理論分析,包括以下三個(gè)層面：不同發(fā)展水平的國家、地區(qū)對環(huán)境惡化造成的影響不同；不同發(fā)展水平的國家、地區(qū)承受環(huán)境惡化的影響不同；獲得生態(tài)利益的富裕國家、富裕地區(qū)沒有承擔(dān)應(yīng)有的環(huán)境保護(hù)責(zé)任。其二,中國區(qū)際間環(huán)境不公平的原因解析,一方面基于利益視角對區(qū)際間環(huán)境不公平的原因做了分析,另一方面基于回歸方程的分解方法,實(shí)證檢驗(yàn)得出結(jié)論：發(fā)展差距是省際間環(huán)境負(fù)擔(dān)不公平的主要原因。第五章是環(huán)境規(guī)制與區(qū)際間環(huán)境不公平。這一章主要包括三方面內(nèi)容：其一,以中國省際面板數(shù)據(jù)為樣本展開的環(huán)境規(guī)制與環(huán)境不平的實(shí)證分析,得出結(jié)論：提高環(huán)境規(guī)制水平促進(jìn)區(qū)際間環(huán)境不公平；其二,環(huán)境規(guī)制政策會產(chǎn)生包括環(huán)境不公平在內(nèi)的新的社會不公平,落后國家、地區(qū)在治理本地污染時(shí)更應(yīng)該注意這一點(diǎn)：其三,環(huán)境治污技術(shù)的選擇會產(chǎn)生不同的就業(yè)效應(yīng),末端治理技術(shù)促進(jìn)就業(yè),清潔生產(chǎn)技術(shù)削弱就業(yè),雖然清潔生產(chǎn)的治污效果好于末端治理,但落后國家、地區(qū)在治理本地污染時(shí)不能只關(guān)注環(huán)境效果,還應(yīng)該考慮該項(xiàng)技術(shù)的就業(yè)效應(yīng),否則會產(chǎn)生新的不公平。第六章是區(qū)際間環(huán)境責(zé)任分擔(dān)。本章構(gòu)建了一個(gè)旨在說明環(huán)境規(guī)制與就業(yè)關(guān)系的非線性面板門限模型,證明發(fā)達(dá)地區(qū)治理本地環(huán)境污染的努力可以促進(jìn)就業(yè),這樣就會減弱發(fā)達(dá)地區(qū)向外污染轉(zhuǎn)移的動機(jī),發(fā)達(dá)地區(qū)越多從事本地污染治理工作,越有利于地區(qū)間環(huán)境責(zé)任的公平分擔(dān)。第七章是對前面六章的內(nèi)容進(jìn)行的歸納總結(jié),列出了本章主要的研究結(jié)論,并對未來的研究方向進(jìn)行了展望。 本文可能的創(chuàng)新是： 第一,對中國區(qū)際間環(huán)境負(fù)擔(dān)及環(huán)境治理投資不公平現(xiàn)狀進(jìn)行了刻畫。選用有代表性的工業(yè)污染物,來對比中國各個(gè)地區(qū)污染負(fù)擔(dān)及污染治理投資的差異程度。 第二,采用回歸方程的分解方法實(shí)證分析了中國省際間環(huán)境負(fù)擔(dān)不公平狀況的成因。實(shí)證分析得出結(jié)論：地區(qū)間環(huán)境負(fù)擔(dān)的不公平,主要是由居民人均收入和廢水治理投資這兩個(gè)指標(biāo)所衡量的發(fā)展差距引致。 第三,為發(fā)達(dá)地區(qū)加大治理本地污染從而減少污染轉(zhuǎn)移提供依據(jù)。以中國各個(gè)省份面板數(shù)據(jù)為例,采用面板門限回歸模型,得出結(jié)論：發(fā)達(dá)地區(qū)應(yīng)該增加本地區(qū)環(huán)境污染治理的努力,不僅有利于促進(jìn)本地區(qū)的就業(yè),而且有利于實(shí)現(xiàn)環(huán)境保護(hù)及治理責(zé)任的地區(qū)間公平分擔(dān)。 第四,環(huán)境治污技術(shù)的選擇應(yīng)考慮就業(yè)效應(yīng)。以中國各省份面板數(shù)據(jù)為例,通過計(jì)量檢驗(yàn)得出結(jié)論：末端治理對就業(yè)產(chǎn)生正向拉動作用,清潔生產(chǎn)對就業(yè)有負(fù)向擠出作用,發(fā)展中國家及發(fā)展中國家的落后地區(qū)如果急于減少本地環(huán)境污染,只關(guān)注治污技術(shù)的環(huán)境效果而不考慮就業(yè)效應(yīng),短時(shí)間內(nèi)可以實(shí)現(xiàn)環(huán)境負(fù)擔(dān)差距在國家層面和地區(qū)層面縮小,但由此會引發(fā)新的社會不公平。
[Abstract]:The environmental problems brought about by the rapid development of economy are widely concerned by scholars, but there are more researches on the global analysis of ecological environment problems, namely, the whole human, the whole country, the whole region has suffered the environmental pollution, Less analysis of countries with different economic development levels is unfair and unfair to environmental burden. The study of environmental injustice begins in foreign countries, and studies on environmental unfair in foreign countries are more concerned about the different environmental risks suffered by different groups in countries and regions with outstanding ethnic and national contradictions, and there are no similar ethnic and national contradictions in China. Compared with this, With the rapid growth of China's economy, the environmental inequities between the eastern region of China's economically developed regions and the economically backward western regions, as well as the environmental inequities between developed and developing countries, including China, are more concerned. Therefore, the author finally determines the relevant research of the inter-regional environmental unfair problem. The research of this paper includes the analysis of the unfair phenomena in inter-district environment, the analysis of the unfair cause of inter-regional environment, and the countermeasures to deal with the unfair competition in inter-regional environment. The contents of this paper are divided into three parts: Chapter One: The introduction focuses on the background of topic selection, the significance of topic selection, the method used in the article, and the research difficulties, possible innovation points and Insufficient. Chapter II is literature In this chapter, the general understanding of equity and environmental equity is summarized, and as a basis and reference for the post-text analysis of the environment inequity, this chapter sums up the expression forms, causes and related research methods about the unfair environment at home and abroad. In the end, we have made a summary of existing research and put forward the framework of the author's research on the unfair problems in the environment The third chapter is that the gap between inter-regional development and the environmental burden of China is unfair. In this chapter, the present situation of China's inter-regional development gap and environmental burden is described in an intuitive way, then the Terre index is used to depict the unfair degree of China's wastewater burden and decompose East In the middle and western regions, the environment burden of the region and region is unfair and the environmental burden of the three big regions is unfair to the overall environmental burden, and finally, the environment unfair index and the green contribution coefficient are applied to analyze the environment burden of China more concretely Fair. Chapter Four is the theoretical analysis and the cause of the inter-regional environmental inequality. This chapter includes the following two aspects: one, the theoretical analysis of the inter-regional environmental inequality, including the following three aspects: the countries with different levels of development, the influence of the region on the environment deterioration; and the influence of countries and regions with different development levels on the environmental degradation Different; well-to-do countries that gain ecological benefits, rich regions do not have the necessary environmental protection On the other hand, on the basis of the analysis of the cause of unfair competition between inter-district environment, on the other hand, based on the decomposition method of regression equation, the empirical test is concluded. Conclusion: The development gap is the main difference between inter-provincial and inter-provincial environmental burden The fifth chapter is the environment regulation and inter-district environment. Fairness. This chapter mainly includes three aspects: Firstly, based on the empirical analysis of environmental regulation and environmental injustice in China's inter-provincial panel data, it is concluded that the improvement of the environmental regulation level promotes the inter-regional environment unfair; Second, environmental regulation policy will produce new social injustice including environment unfair, backward country, the region should pay more attention to the local pollution: Third, the choice of environmental pollution control technology will produce different employment effect, end governance technology promotes Employment and cleaner production technology weaken employment. Although the pollution control effect of cleaner production is good at the end-end treatment, the backward country and the region can not only focus on the environmental effect when dealing with local pollution, but also should take into account the employment effect of the technology, otherwise, there will be no new employment effect. Fair. Chapter 6 is inter-regional environmental responsibility This chapter constructs a non-linear panel threshold model to illustrate the relationship between environmental regulation and employment, which proves that the efforts of the developed areas to control local environmental pollution can promote employment, which will weaken the outward pollution transfer in developed areas. The more motive, the more the developed regions are engaged in the local pollution control work, the more conducive to the fairness of environmental responsibility among the regions Chapter 7 summarizes the contents of the previous six chapters, lists the main research conclusions in this chapter, and carries out the research direction in the future. Prospect. This article can The innovation of energy is: First, it is unfair to China's inter-regional environmental burden and environmental governance investment A representative industrial pollutant is selected to compare the pollution burden and pollution treatment in various regions of China. In the second place, we use the decomposition method of regression equation to analyze the inter-provincial ring of China empirically. An empirical analysis concludes that the inequality of environmental burden in the region is mainly caused by the income per capita income of residents and the investment of waste water treatment. The development gap measured by the standard is caused. Third, local governance is being increased for the developed regions According to the panel data of each province in China, the panel threshold regression model is adopted to conclude that the developed regions should increase the efforts of environmental pollution control in the region, not only conducive to the promotion of employment in the region, but also conducive to the realization of environmental protection. Fair-sharing among areas with responsibility for protection and governance. Fourth The choice of environmental pollution control technology should take into account the effect of employment. According to the panel data of all provinces in China, it is concluded that the end governance has positive pulling effect on employment, the clean production has negative impact on employment, developing countries and developing countries. If it is anxious to reduce the local environmental pollution in the backward area, only attention is paid to the environmental effect of the pollution control technology and the employment effect is not taken into account, and the environmental burden gap can be realized in a short time at the national level and the regional level
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南開大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：F127;X32
本文編號：2290608
[Abstract]:The environmental problems brought about by the rapid development of economy are widely concerned by scholars, but there are more researches on the global analysis of ecological environment problems, namely, the whole human, the whole country, the whole region has suffered the environmental pollution, Less analysis of countries with different economic development levels is unfair and unfair to environmental burden. The study of environmental injustice begins in foreign countries, and studies on environmental unfair in foreign countries are more concerned about the different environmental risks suffered by different groups in countries and regions with outstanding ethnic and national contradictions, and there are no similar ethnic and national contradictions in China. Compared with this, With the rapid growth of China's economy, the environmental inequities between the eastern region of China's economically developed regions and the economically backward western regions, as well as the environmental inequities between developed and developing countries, including China, are more concerned. Therefore, the author finally determines the relevant research of the inter-regional environmental unfair problem. The research of this paper includes the analysis of the unfair phenomena in inter-district environment, the analysis of the unfair cause of inter-regional environment, and the countermeasures to deal with the unfair competition in inter-regional environment. The contents of this paper are divided into three parts: Chapter One: The introduction focuses on the background of topic selection, the significance of topic selection, the method used in the article, and the research difficulties, possible innovation points and Insufficient. Chapter II is literature In this chapter, the general understanding of equity and environmental equity is summarized, and as a basis and reference for the post-text analysis of the environment inequity, this chapter sums up the expression forms, causes and related research methods about the unfair environment at home and abroad. In the end, we have made a summary of existing research and put forward the framework of the author's research on the unfair problems in the environment The third chapter is that the gap between inter-regional development and the environmental burden of China is unfair. In this chapter, the present situation of China's inter-regional development gap and environmental burden is described in an intuitive way, then the Terre index is used to depict the unfair degree of China's wastewater burden and decompose East In the middle and western regions, the environment burden of the region and region is unfair and the environmental burden of the three big regions is unfair to the overall environmental burden, and finally, the environment unfair index and the green contribution coefficient are applied to analyze the environment burden of China more concretely Fair. Chapter Four is the theoretical analysis and the cause of the inter-regional environmental inequality. This chapter includes the following two aspects: one, the theoretical analysis of the inter-regional environmental inequality, including the following three aspects: the countries with different levels of development, the influence of the region on the environment deterioration; and the influence of countries and regions with different development levels on the environmental degradation Different; well-to-do countries that gain ecological benefits, rich regions do not have the necessary environmental protection On the other hand, on the basis of the analysis of the cause of unfair competition between inter-district environment, on the other hand, based on the decomposition method of regression equation, the empirical test is concluded. Conclusion: The development gap is the main difference between inter-provincial and inter-provincial environmental burden The fifth chapter is the environment regulation and inter-district environment. Fairness. This chapter mainly includes three aspects: Firstly, based on the empirical analysis of environmental regulation and environmental injustice in China's inter-provincial panel data, it is concluded that the improvement of the environmental regulation level promotes the inter-regional environment unfair; Second, environmental regulation policy will produce new social injustice including environment unfair, backward country, the region should pay more attention to the local pollution: Third, the choice of environmental pollution control technology will produce different employment effect, end governance technology promotes Employment and cleaner production technology weaken employment. Although the pollution control effect of cleaner production is good at the end-end treatment, the backward country and the region can not only focus on the environmental effect when dealing with local pollution, but also should take into account the employment effect of the technology, otherwise, there will be no new employment effect. Fair. Chapter 6 is inter-regional environmental responsibility This chapter constructs a non-linear panel threshold model to illustrate the relationship between environmental regulation and employment, which proves that the efforts of the developed areas to control local environmental pollution can promote employment, which will weaken the outward pollution transfer in developed areas. The more motive, the more the developed regions are engaged in the local pollution control work, the more conducive to the fairness of environmental responsibility among the regions Chapter 7 summarizes the contents of the previous six chapters, lists the main research conclusions in this chapter, and carries out the research direction in the future. Prospect. This article can The innovation of energy is: First, it is unfair to China's inter-regional environmental burden and environmental governance investment A representative industrial pollutant is selected to compare the pollution burden and pollution treatment in various regions of China. In the second place, we use the decomposition method of regression equation to analyze the inter-provincial ring of China empirically. An empirical analysis concludes that the inequality of environmental burden in the region is mainly caused by the income per capita income of residents and the investment of waste water treatment. The development gap measured by the standard is caused. Third, local governance is being increased for the developed regions According to the panel data of each province in China, the panel threshold regression model is adopted to conclude that the developed regions should increase the efforts of environmental pollution control in the region, not only conducive to the promotion of employment in the region, but also conducive to the realization of environmental protection. Fair-sharing among areas with responsibility for protection and governance. Fourth The choice of environmental pollution control technology should take into account the effect of employment. According to the panel data of all provinces in China, it is concluded that the end governance has positive pulling effect on employment, the clean production has negative impact on employment, developing countries and developing countries. If it is anxious to reduce the local environmental pollution in the backward area, only attention is paid to the environmental effect of the pollution control technology and the employment effect is not taken into account, and the environmental burden gap can be realized in a short time at the national level and the regional level
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南開大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：F127;X32
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