【摘要】：追求經(jīng)濟的不斷增長和發(fā)展是人類永恒的主題,經(jīng)濟實踐顯示了各國經(jīng)濟增長存在著很大的差異。人力資本理論關(guān)于人力資本是經(jīng)濟增長的決定因素的觀點,為認識各國經(jīng)濟增長率的差異提供了一個比較令人滿意的解釋。人力資本成為優(yōu)越于物質(zhì)資本的新的資本形態(tài),開發(fā)勞動力資源,加強對人力資本的投資,已經(jīng)成為現(xiàn)代經(jīng)濟的本質(zhì)要求。人力資本作為一種特殊的資本,必然由一定的投資轉(zhuǎn)化而來,人力資本投資方式有四種：正規(guī)教育、健康保健、在職培訓和勞動力遷移流動。 2013年我國經(jīng)濟下行壓力仍然比較大。部分發(fā)達經(jīng)濟體主權(quán)債務危機持續(xù)發(fā)酵和增速放緩造成我國進出口增速下滑；我國產(chǎn)能過剩問題突出；消費增長制約較多。新一屆政府要求經(jīng)濟發(fā)展要以轉(zhuǎn)變經(jīng)濟發(fā)展方式為主線,以調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)為著力點。中國正面臨經(jīng)濟結(jié)構(gòu)優(yōu)化升級,增長方式由粗放式向集約化轉(zhuǎn)變,如何實現(xiàn)經(jīng)濟又快又好的發(fā)展是迫切需要研究的問題,人力資本的數(shù)量和質(zhì)量在很大程度上影響經(jīng)濟優(yōu)化升級目標的實現(xiàn)。 本文研究人力資本投資的這四種方式對中國的經(jīng)濟增長是否有顯著性影響,首先歸納和總結(jié)了國內(nèi)外有關(guān)人力資本與經(jīng)濟增長理論的研究成果,然后,通過采用先進的計量經(jīng)濟學方法建立相關(guān)的檢驗模型,對人力資本投資時間序列與中國經(jīng)濟增長時間序列進行相關(guān)關(guān)系的實證分析,并進行格蘭杰因果關(guān)系檢驗、平穩(wěn)性檢驗和協(xié)整關(guān)系檢驗,分析1995年以來正規(guī)教育經(jīng)費投入、健康保健支出、在職培訓支出和遷移流動投入對實際GDP是否有顯著性影響,通過分析得到以下結(jié)論,我國正規(guī)教育和健康保健投資對經(jīng)濟增長的影響效果不顯著,在職培訓和勞動力遷移對經(jīng)濟增長有顯著影響。最后結(jié)合實證分析的結(jié)論,指出我國人力資本投資方式上存在的問題,針對這些問題提出相應的政策建議。
[Abstract]:The pursuit of continuous economic growth and development is the eternal theme of human beings, economic practice shows that there are great differences in economic growth. The viewpoint that human capital is the decisive factor of economic growth provides a more satisfactory explanation for understanding the difference of economic growth rate in different countries. Human capital has become a new form of capital superior to material capital. The development of labor resources and the strengthening of investment in human capital have become the essential requirements of modern economy. As a special kind of capital, human capital must be transformed by certain investment. There are four ways of human capital investment: formal education, health care, Job training and labor migration. In 2013, China's economic downward pressure is still relatively large. The persistent fermentation of sovereign debt crisis in some developed economies and the slowdown in growth rate have resulted in a decline in the growth rate of China's imports and exports; the problem of overcapacity in China is prominent; and there are many constraints on consumption growth. The new government requires economic development to change the mode of economic development as the main line, to adjust the structure as the focus. China is facing the optimization and upgrading of its economic structure and the transformation of its growth mode from extensive to intensive. How to achieve rapid and good economic development is an urgent problem that needs to be studied. The quantity and quality of human capital influence the realization of economic optimization and upgrading to a great extent. This paper studies whether the four ways of human capital investment have a significant impact on China's economic growth. Firstly, it summarizes and summarizes the research results of human capital and economic growth theory at home and abroad, and then, By using the advanced econometrics method to establish the relevant test model, the empirical analysis of the correlation between the time series of human capital investment and the time series of China's economic growth is carried out, and the Granger causality test is carried out. The stability test and cointegration test are used to analyze whether the formal education expenditure, health care expenditure, in-service training expenditure and migration flow investment have significant influence on the actual GDP since 1995. The effect of formal education and health care investment on economic growth is not significant, while on-the-job training and labor migration have a significant impact on economic growth. Finally, combined with the conclusion of empirical analysis, this paper points out the problems existing in the way of human capital investment in our country, and puts forward corresponding policy suggestions for these problems.
【學位授予單位】：東北財經(jīng)大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：F124.1;F249.21

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