東亞生產(chǎn)網(wǎng)絡(luò)的形成與深化：理論和實(shí)證研究
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-08-27 16:15
【摘要】：2020世紀(jì)60年代侕90年代,“雁陣模式”在東亞得到了充分的驗(yàn)證,并創(chuàng)造出所謂“東亞奇跡”。20世紀(jì)90年代以來,隨著技術(shù)水平的提高與運(yùn)輸成本的下降,國際分工不斷深化,逐漸由產(chǎn)業(yè)間分工向產(chǎn)業(yè)內(nèi)以及產(chǎn)品內(nèi)分工發(fā)展。仡在東亞,原有的“雁陣模式”已經(jīng)改變,各經(jīng)濟(jì)體之間的經(jīng)貿(mào)關(guān)系日益緊密,分‘工與貿(mào)易的區(qū)域化特征不斷增強(qiáng),形成了基于產(chǎn)品內(nèi)分工的區(qū)域性生產(chǎn)網(wǎng)絡(luò)。相在此背景下,本文從產(chǎn)品內(nèi)分工理論出發(fā),對(duì)東亞區(qū)域性生產(chǎn)網(wǎng)絡(luò)的形成與深化進(jìn)行分析；并基于東亞各經(jīng)濟(jì)體的零部件貿(mào)易數(shù)據(jù),采用面板引力模型方法對(duì)對(duì)理論模型進(jìn)行實(shí)證檢驗(yàn)。 本本文第一章為導(dǎo)論部分,介紹紹文章研究背景、文獻(xiàn)綜述和分析框架等。第：二章對(duì)基于比較優(yōu)勢(shì)理論、新貿(mào)易理論以及不完全契約理論的產(chǎn)品內(nèi)分工理論進(jìn)進(jìn)行綜述研究。第三章在Feenstra(2003)連續(xù)中間產(chǎn)品的分工模型基礎(chǔ)上對(duì)東亞生產(chǎn)網(wǎng)絡(luò)的形成與深化進(jìn)行理論分析。首先,各國按照比較優(yōu)勢(shì)參與產(chǎn)品內(nèi)分工,其在生產(chǎn)網(wǎng)絡(luò)中所處技術(shù)等級(jí)由其比較優(yōu)勢(shì)決定。其次,在“華盛頓蘋果效應(yīng)”假設(shè)條件下,由地理距離產(chǎn)生的貿(mào)易成本與中間產(chǎn)品的技術(shù)等級(jí)有關(guān)。具體表現(xiàn)為：技術(shù)等級(jí)越低的中間產(chǎn)品對(duì)距離變動(dòng)越敏感。區(qū)域性生產(chǎn)網(wǎng)絡(luò)更有助于促進(jìn)發(fā)展中國家參與產(chǎn)品內(nèi)分工,而發(fā)展中國家的鄰近也促進(jìn)了東亞生產(chǎn)網(wǎng)絡(luò)的形成。再次,“資本知識(shí)復(fù)合投入品”的跨境流動(dòng)會(huì)對(duì)生產(chǎn)網(wǎng)絡(luò)中的產(chǎn)品內(nèi)分工格局產(chǎn)生影響。其中,發(fā)達(dá)國家將通過“資本知識(shí)復(fù)合投入品”流出代替對(duì)發(fā)展中國家的中間產(chǎn)品出口；對(duì)于發(fā)展中國家而言,“資本知識(shí)復(fù)合投入品”的流入能夠減少其對(duì)來自發(fā)達(dá)國家的高技術(shù)等級(jí)中間產(chǎn)品的進(jìn)口依賴程度,使其在生產(chǎn)網(wǎng)絡(luò)中所處的技術(shù)等級(jí)得到提升,并且使得距離因素對(duì)其參與產(chǎn)品內(nèi)分工的限制作用有所降低。最后,本文理論研究認(rèn)為,東亞生產(chǎn)網(wǎng)絡(luò)的區(qū)位優(yōu)協(xié)來自于低技術(shù)等級(jí)之間的鄰近；但這一區(qū)位優(yōu)勢(shì)將隨著資本知識(shí)復(fù)合投入品的跨境流動(dòng)而被削弱。 本文第四章對(duì)東亞生產(chǎn)網(wǎng)絡(luò)中的商品貿(mào)易、FDI和服務(wù)貿(mào)易等進(jìn)行描述性統(tǒng)計(jì)分析。商品貿(mào)易方面,東亞的全球化特征與區(qū)域化特征并存。各經(jīng)濟(jì)體都已經(jīng)基本實(shí)現(xiàn)從產(chǎn)業(yè)間向產(chǎn)業(yè)內(nèi)和產(chǎn)品內(nèi)分工的轉(zhuǎn)變,零部件貿(mào)易的大量增長(zhǎng)表現(xiàn)出東亞地區(qū)生產(chǎn)網(wǎng)絡(luò)化程度的提高。商品貿(mào)易以外,東亞在FDI和服務(wù)貿(mào)易等方面也有顯著增長(zhǎng)。東亞地區(qū)正逐漸擺脫對(duì)日本投資的依賴性,NIES成為區(qū)域內(nèi)重要的FDI來源。服務(wù)貿(mào)易和生產(chǎn)者服務(wù)貿(mào)易方面,NIES同樣也是東亞地區(qū)最主要的參與者。此外,東亞尤其是發(fā)展中國家的服務(wù)貿(mào)易壁壘仍然很高,服務(wù)貿(mào)易和生產(chǎn)者服務(wù)貿(mào)易的主要制約因素就來自于發(fā)展中國家對(duì)于某些行業(yè)中的政策限制。 第五章基于零部件貿(mào)易數(shù)據(jù),對(duì)于地理區(qū)位因素、FDI和生產(chǎn)者服務(wù)貿(mào)易等因素對(duì)東亞生產(chǎn)網(wǎng)絡(luò)的影響進(jìn)行計(jì)量檢驗(yàn)。文章采用面板引力模型的實(shí)證方法,以2000-2009年東亞經(jīng)濟(jì)體的零部件貿(mào)易數(shù)據(jù)對(duì)東亞區(qū)域性生產(chǎn)網(wǎng)絡(luò)的分工和貿(mào)易模式進(jìn)行檢驗(yàn)。首先,在東亞生產(chǎn)網(wǎng)絡(luò)中,零部件貿(mào)易的距離彈性在國家之間有所差異�？傮w而言,收入水平較高的國家零部件進(jìn)口的距離彈性大于出口,收入水平較低的國家零部件出口的距離彈性則大于進(jìn)口。其次,距離彈性差異的引力模型回歸結(jié)果進(jìn)一步證明了零部件貿(mào)易的“華盛頓蘋果效應(yīng)”：零部件技術(shù)等級(jí)越低,其在貿(mào)易過程中對(duì)距離變動(dòng)表現(xiàn)的越為敏感。東亞生產(chǎn)網(wǎng)絡(luò)的區(qū)域性使得距離對(duì)零部件貿(mào)易的阻礙作用總體上有所降低,但“華盛頓蘋果效應(yīng)”仍然存在。再次,作為“資本知識(shí)復(fù)合投入品”跨境流動(dòng)的現(xiàn)實(shí)代表,FDI和生產(chǎn)者服務(wù)貿(mào)易總體上替代了發(fā)達(dá)國家的零部件出口,并促進(jìn)了發(fā)展中國家的零部件出口。從技術(shù)結(jié)構(gòu)來看,FDI和生產(chǎn)者服務(wù)貿(mào)易增加了發(fā)達(dá)國家對(duì)低技術(shù)等級(jí)零部件的進(jìn)口,并減少了發(fā)展中國家對(duì)高技術(shù)等級(jí)零部件的進(jìn)口。最后,對(duì)中國的研究結(jié)果還表明,FDI和生產(chǎn)者服務(wù)貿(mào)易的增加使中國的零部件出口更加趨向全球化,而區(qū)域化特征有所減弱。由此證明FDI和生產(chǎn)者服務(wù)貿(mào)易的增加將使發(fā)展中國家在生產(chǎn)網(wǎng)絡(luò)中所處技術(shù)等級(jí)得到提升,進(jìn)而使得其參與產(chǎn)品內(nèi)分工的空間范圍得到擴(kuò)展。 第六章在全文分析基礎(chǔ)上對(duì)文章進(jìn)行總結(jié)。低技術(shù)等級(jí)之間的鄰近是推動(dòng)?xùn)|亞生產(chǎn)網(wǎng)絡(luò)形成的重要?jiǎng)右蚝蛥^(qū)位優(yōu)勢(shì)。然而,隨著生產(chǎn)網(wǎng)絡(luò)中分工關(guān)系的深化,FDI和生產(chǎn)者服務(wù)貿(mào)易的增加,這種優(yōu)勢(shì)將逐漸減弱。本文研究認(rèn)為未來東亞生產(chǎn)網(wǎng)絡(luò)勢(shì)必在空間范圍上更為開放,并通過商品貿(mào)易、服務(wù)貿(mào)易和投資全面一體化的實(shí)現(xiàn)獲取新的區(qū)位優(yōu)勢(shì)。
[Abstract]:In the 1960s and 1990s, the "wild goose array model" was fully verified in East Asia and created the so-called "East Asian miracle". Since the 1990s, with the improvement of technical level and the decrease of transportation costs, the international division of labor has been deepened, gradually from the inter-industry division of labor to the intra-industry and intra-product division of labor. Some "wild goose array model" has changed, the economic and trade relations among the economies have become increasingly close, and the regional characteristics of division of labor and trade have been strengthened, forming a regional production network based on intra-product division of labor. Based on the trade data of parts and components of East Asian economies, the theoretical model is tested by the panel gravity model.
Chapter 1 is the introduction, which introduces the research background, literature review and analysis framework. Chapter 2 reviews the theory of intra-product division of labor based on comparative advantage theory, new trade theory and incomplete contract theory. The formation and deepening of production networks are theoretically analyzed. Firstly, countries participate in intra-product division of labor according to their comparative advantages, and their technological level in production networks is determined by their comparative advantages. Secondly, under the assumption of "Washington apple effect", the trade cost caused by geographical distance is related to the technological level of intermediate products. Regional production networks are more conducive to promoting the participation of developing countries in intra-product division of labor, and the proximity of developing countries also contributes to the formation of East Asian production networks. Thirdly, cross-border flows of "capital and knowledge compound inputs" will affect products in production networks. The pattern of internal division of labor has an impact. Developed countries will replace the export of intermediate products to developing countries by the outflow of capital and knowledge compound inputs. For developing countries, the inflow of capital and knowledge compound inputs can reduce their dependence on imports of high-tech intermediate products from developed countries. Finally, this paper argues that the location advantage of the East Asian production network comes from the proximity between the low-tech grades, but this location advantage will be invested with the combination of capital and knowledge. The cross-border movement of goods is weakened.
In the aspect of commodity trade, globalization and regionalization coexist in East Asia. All economies have basically realized the transformation from inter-industry to intra-industry and intra-product division of labor. The growth of spare parts trade shows the East. In addition to commodity trade, East Asia has also witnessed significant growth in FDI and trade in services. East Asia is gradually getting rid of its dependence on Japanese investment, and NIES has become an important source of FDI in the region. In addition, barriers to trade in services in East Asia, especially in developing countries, remain high, and the main constraints on trade in services and producer services come from policy constraints imposed by developing countries on certain sectors.
In the fifth chapter, based on the data of spare parts trade, this paper examines the impact of geographical location, FDI and producer service trade on East Asian production network. First of all, the distance elasticity of parts trade varies among countries in East Asian production networks. Generally speaking, the distance elasticity of parts imported by countries with higher income level is greater than that of exports, while that of parts exported by countries with lower income level is greater than that of imports. Secondly, the gravity model with different distance elasticity is used. T-regression results further prove the Washington Apple effect of parts trade: the lower the technical level of parts, the more sensitive they are to the change of distance in the trade process. Thirdly, FDI and producer services trade, as the realistic representatives of cross-border flows of capital and knowledge, have generally replaced parts exports of developed countries and promoted parts exports of developing countries. Finally, the results of China's research show that the increase of FDI and producer services trade makes China's export of parts more globalized and the regionalization characteristics weakened. This proves that the increase of FDI and producer services trade will lead to development. China's technology level in the production network has been upgraded, thus expanding the scope of its participation in intra-product division of labor.
Chapter 6 summarizes the article on the basis of full-text analysis. The proximity between low-tech grades is an important driving force and location advantage to promote the formation of East Asian production network. However, with the deepening of the division of labor in the production network, FDI and producer service trade increase, this advantage will gradually weaken. The production network is bound to be more open in the spatial scope, and gain new geographical advantages through the realization of comprehensive integration of commodity trade, service trade and investment.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南開大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：F131
本文編號(hào)：2207789
[Abstract]:In the 1960s and 1990s, the "wild goose array model" was fully verified in East Asia and created the so-called "East Asian miracle". Since the 1990s, with the improvement of technical level and the decrease of transportation costs, the international division of labor has been deepened, gradually from the inter-industry division of labor to the intra-industry and intra-product division of labor. Some "wild goose array model" has changed, the economic and trade relations among the economies have become increasingly close, and the regional characteristics of division of labor and trade have been strengthened, forming a regional production network based on intra-product division of labor. Based on the trade data of parts and components of East Asian economies, the theoretical model is tested by the panel gravity model.
Chapter 1 is the introduction, which introduces the research background, literature review and analysis framework. Chapter 2 reviews the theory of intra-product division of labor based on comparative advantage theory, new trade theory and incomplete contract theory. The formation and deepening of production networks are theoretically analyzed. Firstly, countries participate in intra-product division of labor according to their comparative advantages, and their technological level in production networks is determined by their comparative advantages. Secondly, under the assumption of "Washington apple effect", the trade cost caused by geographical distance is related to the technological level of intermediate products. Regional production networks are more conducive to promoting the participation of developing countries in intra-product division of labor, and the proximity of developing countries also contributes to the formation of East Asian production networks. Thirdly, cross-border flows of "capital and knowledge compound inputs" will affect products in production networks. The pattern of internal division of labor has an impact. Developed countries will replace the export of intermediate products to developing countries by the outflow of capital and knowledge compound inputs. For developing countries, the inflow of capital and knowledge compound inputs can reduce their dependence on imports of high-tech intermediate products from developed countries. Finally, this paper argues that the location advantage of the East Asian production network comes from the proximity between the low-tech grades, but this location advantage will be invested with the combination of capital and knowledge. The cross-border movement of goods is weakened.
In the aspect of commodity trade, globalization and regionalization coexist in East Asia. All economies have basically realized the transformation from inter-industry to intra-industry and intra-product division of labor. The growth of spare parts trade shows the East. In addition to commodity trade, East Asia has also witnessed significant growth in FDI and trade in services. East Asia is gradually getting rid of its dependence on Japanese investment, and NIES has become an important source of FDI in the region. In addition, barriers to trade in services in East Asia, especially in developing countries, remain high, and the main constraints on trade in services and producer services come from policy constraints imposed by developing countries on certain sectors.
In the fifth chapter, based on the data of spare parts trade, this paper examines the impact of geographical location, FDI and producer service trade on East Asian production network. First of all, the distance elasticity of parts trade varies among countries in East Asian production networks. Generally speaking, the distance elasticity of parts imported by countries with higher income level is greater than that of exports, while that of parts exported by countries with lower income level is greater than that of imports. Secondly, the gravity model with different distance elasticity is used. T-regression results further prove the Washington Apple effect of parts trade: the lower the technical level of parts, the more sensitive they are to the change of distance in the trade process. Thirdly, FDI and producer services trade, as the realistic representatives of cross-border flows of capital and knowledge, have generally replaced parts exports of developed countries and promoted parts exports of developing countries. Finally, the results of China's research show that the increase of FDI and producer services trade makes China's export of parts more globalized and the regionalization characteristics weakened. This proves that the increase of FDI and producer services trade will lead to development. China's technology level in the production network has been upgraded, thus expanding the scope of its participation in intra-product division of labor.
Chapter 6 summarizes the article on the basis of full-text analysis. The proximity between low-tech grades is an important driving force and location advantage to promote the formation of East Asian production network. However, with the deepening of the division of labor in the production network, FDI and producer service trade increase, this advantage will gradually weaken. The production network is bound to be more open in the spatial scope, and gain new geographical advantages through the realization of comprehensive integration of commodity trade, service trade and investment.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南開大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：F131
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