【摘要】：近代化理論的研究已經(jīng)成為研究中國近現(xiàn)代史的一個重要維度。新疆地區(qū)的近代化，尤其是在清末民國時期，與中東部地區(qū)民間主導(dǎo)，倒逼政府進(jìn)行近代化方向的改革不同，其自身的發(fā)展有著相對獨特的發(fā)展路徑。通過分析新疆地區(qū)傳統(tǒng)農(nóng)業(yè)、商業(yè)和家庭手工業(yè)的發(fā)展?fàn)顩r和基本特點，能夠清晰地展現(xiàn)清政府統(tǒng)治新疆地區(qū)前期和中期的經(jīng)濟社會狀態(tài)，這種飽含小農(nóng)經(jīng)濟成分的新疆種植業(yè)、官民兼辦的農(nóng)業(yè)畜牧業(yè)、自給自足的家庭手工業(yè)和多元商人結(jié)構(gòu)下的商業(yè)組織成為該地區(qū)經(jīng)濟近代化的原始動力，也是新疆社會經(jīng)濟出現(xiàn)空前繁榮、取得矚目成就、工業(yè)化逐步深入、城鎮(zhèn)化水平日新月異、農(nóng)業(yè)、手工業(yè)和商業(yè)生產(chǎn)規(guī)模得到提高的重要基礎(chǔ)。自新疆建省，新疆地區(qū)經(jīng)濟近代化的萌芽逐漸顯現(xiàn)，傳統(tǒng)經(jīng)濟為新疆經(jīng)濟近代化開端埋下了伏筆，經(jīng)過若干次摧毀、重建，再摧毀、又重建之后，新疆地區(qū)經(jīng)濟發(fā)展的活力終于煥發(fā)生機，展現(xiàn)出經(jīng)濟理論指引近代化進(jìn)程的多元經(jīng)濟發(fā)展的獨特模式，它是傳統(tǒng)經(jīng)濟在新疆建省后的式微，是近代化進(jìn)程中多元經(jīng)濟社會結(jié)構(gòu)的日益發(fā)展。這一時期，左宗棠的政策舉措、劉錦棠的建設(shè)思想主導(dǎo)著新疆經(jīng)濟近代化發(fā)展的主體脈絡(luò)，產(chǎn)品商品化、技術(shù)傳播的工藝局、早期的資本主義生產(chǎn)關(guān)系都在這一時期涌現(xiàn)出來，民族資產(chǎn)階級成為新疆地區(qū)經(jīng)濟社會發(fā)展的一個重要組成部分登上歷史舞臺。民國時期，經(jīng)過清末民族資產(chǎn)階級的不懈努力，逐步發(fā)展壯大，在民國派駐新疆地區(qū)的執(zhí)政者的執(zhí)政理念方面，展現(xiàn)出鼓勵資本主義發(fā)展的建設(shè)熱情，其中，，楊增新的政策思想和盛世才的執(zhí)政舉措最具代表性，此時的新疆，不論是農(nóng)業(yè)、機械工業(yè)，還是對外貿(mào)易，或者城鎮(zhèn)經(jīng)濟都展現(xiàn)出不同于中東部地區(qū)的繁榮景象�？梢哉f，清末的近代化萌芽為民國時期的鼎盛發(fā)展做了有效的鋪墊，呈現(xiàn)出內(nèi)地與新疆交互影響，又不同于內(nèi)地的經(jīng)濟近代化樣式，這都決定了其獨特的發(fā)展?fàn)顩r。
[Abstract]:The study of modernization theory has become an important dimension in the study of modern Chinese history. The modernization of Xinjiang, especially in the period of the late Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China, is different from the reform in the direction of modernization of the central and eastern regions, and its own development has a relatively unique development path. By analyzing the development and basic characteristics of traditional agriculture, commerce and handicraft industry in Xinjiang, we can clearly show the economic and social conditions in the early and middle period of Qing government's rule of Xinjiang. The farming industry of Xinjiang, which is full of small peasant economy, the agriculture and animal husbandry run by the government and the people, the self-sufficient family handicraft industry and the commercial organization under the structure of diversified businessmen, became the original motive force for the modernization of the region's economy. It is also an important foundation for the unprecedented prosperity of social economy in Xinjiang, the remarkable achievements, the gradual deepening of industrialization, the rapid development of urbanization, and the improvement of the scale of agriculture, handicraft and commercial production. Since the founding of Xinjiang Province, the germination of economic modernization in Xinjiang has gradually emerged. The traditional economy has laid the groundwork for the beginning of economic modernization in Xinjiang. After several times of destruction, reconstruction, re-destruction, and reconstruction, The vitality of economic development in Xinjiang region has finally been enlivened, showing a unique model of pluralistic economic development guided by economic theory in the process of modernization. It is the decline of the traditional economy after the establishment of the province in Xinjiang. It is the growing development of the pluralistic economic and social structure in the process of modernization. During this period, the policies and measures of Zuo Zongtang and Liu Jintang's construction thought dominated the main thread of Xinjiang's economic modernization development, the craft bureau of product commercialization and technology dissemination, and the early capitalist relations of production emerged in this period. The national bourgeoisie has become an important part of economic and social development in Xinjiang. During the period of the Republic of China, through the unremitting efforts of the national bourgeoisie in the late Qing Dynasty, it gradually developed and strengthened. Yang Zengxin's policy thoughts and Sheng Shi-cai 's governing measures are the most representative. At this time, Xinjiang, whether it is agriculture, machinery industry, foreign trade, or urban economy, shows a prosperous scene that is different from that in the central and eastern regions. It can be said that the germination of modernization in the late Qing Dynasty made an effective foreshadowing for the prosperous development of the Republic of China, showing the interaction between the mainland and Xinjiang, and different from the economic modernization style in the interior, which all decided its unique development situation.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：新疆大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：F129

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