中印利用FDI優(yōu)化產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)的比較研究
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-07-14 12:46
【摘要】：伴隨著全球產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整和升級進(jìn)程的加快,一國的產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)和經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展之間的相互影響關(guān)系也日益突顯。近年來,加快產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整促進(jìn)一國經(jīng)濟(jì)增長成為了國內(nèi)外學(xué)者日益關(guān)注的焦點(diǎn)。影響產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)的因素有很多,既有需求和供給、技術(shù)進(jìn)步的因素,也有國際貿(mào)易和國際投資等方面的因素。在如今開放經(jīng)濟(jì)條件下,外商直接投資(FDI)成為推動(dòng)產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)優(yōu)化升級過程中的重要因素。外商直接投資對產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)升級的促進(jìn)作用不僅通過資金供給進(jìn)行,而且還通過外資企業(yè)帶來的先進(jìn)技術(shù)和管理經(jīng)驗(yàn)來完成。 中國和印度這兩大新興大國,在近些年的發(fā)展都非常迅速,受到了世界的矚目。兩國的開放都是源于上世紀(jì)末期,中國雖說開始于1978年,但在1992年之前的對外開放只是小規(guī)模、小范圍的,真正的開放時(shí)間應(yīng)該是在1992年鄧小平南巡講話之后。印度的對外開放時(shí)間也是在上世紀(jì)90年代初期。在對外開放以后,兩國在吸引外資上都取得了很好的成績�！�2007年世界投資報(bào)告》指出,中國和印度是全球最有吸引力的外國直接投資目的地。中國的外商直接投資的增長速度在1992和1993年都高達(dá)150%,之后每年依然保持了較快的增長速度。印度在吸引外資的規(guī)模上雖趕不上中國,但平均增速卻遠(yuǎn)在中國之上。兩國數(shù)量巨大的外商直接投資在促進(jìn)兩國經(jīng)濟(jì)增長的同時(shí),也帶動(dòng)了兩國產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)的調(diào)整與升級。現(xiàn)有的很多文章有對印度的外商直接投資進(jìn)行研究,也有對印度的產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行研究,但把兩者結(jié)合起來研究的文章屈指可數(shù)。印度的外商直接投資主要流向其第三產(chǎn)業(yè)中的服務(wù)業(yè),尤其是高科技的現(xiàn)代服務(wù)業(yè),而相對應(yīng)的,中國的外商直接投資主要流向一般的勞動(dòng)密集型的加工制造業(yè)。差異巨大的外商直接投資會(huì)對兩國的產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)產(chǎn)生何種不同的影響,這是值得深思和研究的話題。因此,對兩國外商直接投資影響產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)的效應(yīng)進(jìn)行比較研究具有很大的現(xiàn)實(shí)意義。 本文梳理了外商直接投資與東道國的產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)關(guān)系的相關(guān)文獻(xiàn)和相關(guān)理論,分析了外商直接投資促進(jìn)產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)升級的機(jī)制,即外商直接投資通過技術(shù)轉(zhuǎn)移與外溢、國際產(chǎn)業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)移與資本積累等影響產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)。在理論的基礎(chǔ)上對中印兩國的外商直接投資和產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)狀況進(jìn)行了詳盡的分析,指出外商直接投資對兩國產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)的調(diào)整產(chǎn)生了積極的促進(jìn)作用。自改革開放以來,我國在利用外商直接投資促進(jìn)產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整方面已取得了一定的進(jìn)步。與印度相比,外商直接投資對我國第二、三產(chǎn)業(yè)的影響效果很顯著,但我國產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)偏重于工業(yè)制造業(yè)的發(fā)展以及其內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu)的嚴(yán)重不均衡,這在一定程度上影響到了外商直接投資對我國產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)的影響效果。印度的外商直接投資主要集中于其第三產(chǎn)業(yè)中的現(xiàn)代服務(wù)業(yè),這部分外商直接投資的技術(shù)轉(zhuǎn)移和外溢效應(yīng)較明顯,這在一定程度上促進(jìn)了印度第三產(chǎn)業(yè)的發(fā)展,但由于印度的工農(nóng)業(yè)基礎(chǔ)較薄弱,未能給印度第三產(chǎn)業(yè)提供堅(jiān)實(shí)的基礎(chǔ),所以即使有大量外商直接投資進(jìn)入到了印度的第三產(chǎn)業(yè),也未能帶動(dòng)印度工業(yè)的快速發(fā)展,因此,外商直接投資對印度的產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整與升級效應(yīng)并不顯著。 文章結(jié)構(gòu)主要分為五個(gè)部分。第一部分是文章的緒論部分,介紹了本文的寫作目的與意義,并分別從外商直接投資與技術(shù)外溢、外商直接投資與產(chǎn)業(yè)關(guān)聯(lián)和外商直接投資與資本形成幾個(gè)方面對外商直接投資與產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)升級的相關(guān)文獻(xiàn)進(jìn)行了梳理。 第二部分是概念和理論部分,介紹了文章后面的研究需要涉及到的外商直接投資理論和產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)相關(guān)理論,外商直接投資理論涉及壟斷優(yōu)勢理論、國際產(chǎn)品生命周期理論、內(nèi)部化理論、邊際產(chǎn)業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)移理論和國際生產(chǎn)折衷理論。產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)理論介紹了產(chǎn)業(yè)關(guān)聯(lián)理論和產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展形態(tài)理論、產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)演進(jìn)的規(guī)律、產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)演進(jìn)的動(dòng)因和產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)優(yōu)化。介紹理論后,文章對外商直接投資引起產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)升級的影響機(jī)制做了分析,指出跨國公司的外商直接投資總是伴隨著一攬子要素轉(zhuǎn)移,不僅會(huì)給東道國帶來資本,而且也帶來了產(chǎn)品、技術(shù)、經(jīng)營管理模式,并使之滲透到東道國的產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)中,這樣一來,外商直接投資既促進(jìn)了東道國的資本、技術(shù)行業(yè)發(fā)展,也帶動(dòng)了東道國相關(guān)配套產(chǎn)業(yè)的發(fā)展。因此,跨國公司的外商直接投資能通過技術(shù)轉(zhuǎn)移和外溢、國際產(chǎn)業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)移、產(chǎn)業(yè)集群和產(chǎn)業(yè)資本等效應(yīng),進(jìn)而影響到一國的產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)。 第三和第四部分是文章的重點(diǎn)部分。第三部分先后分析了兩國的外商直接投資的發(fā)展歷程和情況、產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)狀況、外商直接投資的產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)特點(diǎn),指出兩國的外商直接投資的產(chǎn)業(yè)構(gòu)成有極大的差別。印度的外商直接投資的主要流向是金融業(yè)和非金融服務(wù)、電子設(shè)備行業(yè)和通訊業(yè)等現(xiàn)代服務(wù)業(yè),而中國的外商直接投資主要流向以勞動(dòng)密集為主的初級加工制造業(yè)。在兩國外商直接投資的不同產(chǎn)業(yè)構(gòu)成基礎(chǔ)上,對兩國的外商直接投資對產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)的影響效果做了比較詳盡的分析。 第四部分是實(shí)證部分,考慮到外商直接投資在兩國第一產(chǎn)業(yè)上的比重極低因而影響效果不顯著的事實(shí),這部分以兩國的第二、三產(chǎn)業(yè)為研究對象,運(yùn)用實(shí)證方法分析分布在兩國第二、三產(chǎn)業(yè)的外商直接投資與兩國第二、三產(chǎn)業(yè)增加值之間的相關(guān)關(guān)系,得出外商直接投資促進(jìn)了兩國產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整與升級的結(jié)論。通過兩國間的橫向比較,發(fā)現(xiàn)印度的外商直接投資對其產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)的影響效果的顯著程度不及中國。文章也分析了產(chǎn)生上述結(jié)論的可能原因是兩國的發(fā)展路徑不同,中國采取了由低到高的發(fā)展模式,而印度則是由高到低發(fā)展。 第五部分是文章的結(jié)論和啟示部分。結(jié)論部分指出利用外資與兩國的產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)改變呈正相關(guān),外商直接投資促進(jìn)了兩國產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整與升級,但我國利用外商直接投資優(yōu)化產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)的效果比印度顯著。原因可能是由于兩國的發(fā)展路徑不同,中國采取了由低到高的發(fā)展模式,而印度則是由高到低發(fā)展。同時(shí)文章還總結(jié)得出兩國FDI引起的產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)的優(yōu)化升級效應(yīng)有限。啟示部分是根據(jù)前文分析中兩國利用外商直接投資優(yōu)化產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)存在的問題提出的幾點(diǎn)對我國有意義的啟示。主要內(nèi)容包括：(1)FDI的產(chǎn)業(yè)選擇要與引資目標(biāo)一致；(2)吸引外商直接投資要兼顧“量”和“質(zhì)”；(3)FDI對兩國產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)的影響作用有限,兩國調(diào)整產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)更應(yīng)依靠自身。
[Abstract]:With the acceleration of the global industrial structure adjustment and upgrading process, the relationship between the industrial structure and economic development of a country is becoming more and more obvious. In recent years, accelerating the industrial structure adjustment to promote the economic growth of a country has become the focus of attention of scholars at home and abroad. There are many factors affecting the production structure, both demand and supply. In today's open economy, foreign direct investment (FDI) has become an important factor in promoting the optimization and upgrading of industrial structure. The promotion of foreign direct investment to the upgrading of industrial structure is not only through capital supply, but also through foreign investment enterprises. The industry has brought the advanced technology and management experience to complete.
China and India, the two big emerging powers, have developed very rapidly in recent years and have attracted the attention of the world. The opening of the two countries came from the end of the last century. Although China began in 1978, the opening to the outside world before 1992 is only a small scale, and the real opening time should be the Deng Xiaoping South tour in 1992. The opening time of India is also in the early 90s of the last century. After opening to the outside world, both countries have achieved good results in attracting foreign investment in the world.<2007 world investment report. China and India are the most attractive destinations for foreign direct investment in the world. The growth rate of foreign direct investment in China is 1992 and 1993. The average growth rate of India in the scale of attracting foreign investment is far from China, but the average growth rate is far above China. The large number of foreign direct investment in the two countries also promotes the economic growth of the two countries, as well as the adjustment and upgrading of the industrial structure of the two countries. There are many existing articles. The chapter has a study of foreign direct investment in India and the research on the industrial structure of India, but there are few articles to combine the two. The foreign direct investment in India mainly flows to the service industry in the third industry, especially the modern service industry of high technology, and the foreign direct investment owner of China is corresponding. In order to flow to the general labor intensive manufacturing industry, what different impacts on the industrial structure of the two countries will be affected by the huge difference of FDI, which is worth thinking and studying. Therefore, it is of great practical significance to compare the effects of FDI on the industrial structure of the two countries.
This paper has combed the related literature and related theories of the relationship between FDI and the host country's industrial structure, and analyzed the mechanism of FDI promoting industrial structure upgrading, that is, the influence of FDI through technology transfer and spillover, international industrial transfer and capital accumulation, and so on. On the basis of theory, China and India are on the basis of theory. The situation of foreign direct investment and industrial structure is analyzed in detail, and it is pointed out that foreign direct investment has a positive effect on the adjustment of the industrial structure of the two countries. Since the reform and opening up, China has made certain progress in the use of foreign direct investment to promote industrial structure adjustment. Compared with India, the foreign direct investment has been compared with the foreign direct investment. The effect on the second, third industry of our country is very significant, but the industrial structure of our country is heavy on the development of industrial manufacturing industry and the serious imbalance of its internal structure, which affects the effect of foreign direct investment on the industrial structure of our country to a certain extent. The foreign direct investment in India mainly concentrates on its third industry. In the service industry, the technology transfer and spillover effect of this part of foreign direct investment is obvious. This has promoted the development of the third industry in India to some extent, but because of the weak foundation of India's industrial and agricultural industry, it has not provided a solid foundation for the third industry of India, so even a large number of foreign direct investment has entered the third production of India. Industry has not been able to drive the rapid development of India's industry. Therefore, the effect of FDI on India's industrial structure adjustment and upgrading is not significant.
The structure of the article is divided into five parts. The first part is the introduction part of the article. It introduces the purpose and significance of this article, and the related documents of FDI and industrial structure upgrading from foreign direct investment and technology spillover, foreign direct investment and industrial association and foreign direct investment and capital formation. Carding is done.
The second part is the concept and the theoretical part. It introduces the theory of foreign direct investment and the related theory of industrial structure. The theory of foreign direct investment involves the theory of monopoly advantage, the theory of international product life cycle, the theory of internalization, the theory of marginal industry transfer and the theory of International production compromise. This paper introduces the theory of industrial association and the theory of industrial development form, the law of the evolution of industrial structure, the motivation of the evolution of the industrial structure and the optimization of the industrial structure. After introducing the theory, the paper analyzes the influence mechanism of the industrial structure upgrading caused by foreign direct investment, and points out that the foreign direct investment of the multinational companies is always accompanied by a package. It will not only bring capital to the host country, but also bring products, technology, management and management model, and make it infiltrate into the industrial structure of the host country. In this way, foreign direct investment not only promotes the capital of the host country, the development of the technology industry, but also the development of the related supporting industries of the East Road. Direct investment can affect the industrial structure of a country through technology transfer and spillover, international industrial transfer, industrial cluster and industrial capital.
The third and fourth parts are the key parts of the article. The third part analyses the development process and situation of foreign direct investment in the two countries, the industrial structure and the industrial structure characteristics of foreign direct investment, and points out that the industrial composition of foreign direct investment in the two countries has great differences. The main flow of FDI in India is gold. In the modern service industry such as financial and non-financial services, electronic equipment industry and communication industry, China's foreign direct investment flows mainly to labor intensive primary manufacturing industry. On the basis of different industries of foreign direct investment, the effect of foreign direct investment on industrial structure of the two countries is more detailed. Analysis.
The fourth part is an empirical part, considering the fact that the proportion of foreign direct investment in the first industry of the two countries is very low and thus the effect is not significant. This part takes the second, third industry of the two countries as the research object, and uses the empirical method to analyze the foreign direct investment in the second, third industries of the two countries and the added value of the second, third industry of the two countries. Through the horizontal comparison between the two countries, it is found that the effect of foreign direct investment in India on its industrial structure is less significant than that of China. The possible reason for the conclusion is that the development path of the two countries is not the same. Similarly, China has adopted a low to high development mode while India has developed from high to low.
The fifth part is the conclusion and Enlightenment part of the article. The conclusion part points out that the use of foreign capital is positively related to the industrial structure change of the two countries. Foreign direct investment has promoted the industrial structure adjustment and upgrading of the two countries, but the effect of using FDI to optimize industrial structure is more significant than that of India. The reason may be the development path of the two countries. In contrast, China has adopted a development model from low to high, while India is from high to low. At the same time, the article also concludes that the optimization and upgrading effect of the industrial structure caused by the two countries' FDI is limited. The main contents are as follows: (1) the industrial choice of FDI should be in accordance with the target of attracting investment; (2) to attract foreign direct investment should be taken into account "quantity" and "quality"; (3) the impact of FDI on the industrial structure of the two countries is limited, and the two countries should rely on themselves to adjust the industrial structure.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南財(cái)經(jīng)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：F124;F135.1
本文編號(hào)：2121692
[Abstract]:With the acceleration of the global industrial structure adjustment and upgrading process, the relationship between the industrial structure and economic development of a country is becoming more and more obvious. In recent years, accelerating the industrial structure adjustment to promote the economic growth of a country has become the focus of attention of scholars at home and abroad. There are many factors affecting the production structure, both demand and supply. In today's open economy, foreign direct investment (FDI) has become an important factor in promoting the optimization and upgrading of industrial structure. The promotion of foreign direct investment to the upgrading of industrial structure is not only through capital supply, but also through foreign investment enterprises. The industry has brought the advanced technology and management experience to complete.
China and India, the two big emerging powers, have developed very rapidly in recent years and have attracted the attention of the world. The opening of the two countries came from the end of the last century. Although China began in 1978, the opening to the outside world before 1992 is only a small scale, and the real opening time should be the Deng Xiaoping South tour in 1992. The opening time of India is also in the early 90s of the last century. After opening to the outside world, both countries have achieved good results in attracting foreign investment in the world.<2007 world investment report. China and India are the most attractive destinations for foreign direct investment in the world. The growth rate of foreign direct investment in China is 1992 and 1993. The average growth rate of India in the scale of attracting foreign investment is far from China, but the average growth rate is far above China. The large number of foreign direct investment in the two countries also promotes the economic growth of the two countries, as well as the adjustment and upgrading of the industrial structure of the two countries. There are many existing articles. The chapter has a study of foreign direct investment in India and the research on the industrial structure of India, but there are few articles to combine the two. The foreign direct investment in India mainly flows to the service industry in the third industry, especially the modern service industry of high technology, and the foreign direct investment owner of China is corresponding. In order to flow to the general labor intensive manufacturing industry, what different impacts on the industrial structure of the two countries will be affected by the huge difference of FDI, which is worth thinking and studying. Therefore, it is of great practical significance to compare the effects of FDI on the industrial structure of the two countries.
This paper has combed the related literature and related theories of the relationship between FDI and the host country's industrial structure, and analyzed the mechanism of FDI promoting industrial structure upgrading, that is, the influence of FDI through technology transfer and spillover, international industrial transfer and capital accumulation, and so on. On the basis of theory, China and India are on the basis of theory. The situation of foreign direct investment and industrial structure is analyzed in detail, and it is pointed out that foreign direct investment has a positive effect on the adjustment of the industrial structure of the two countries. Since the reform and opening up, China has made certain progress in the use of foreign direct investment to promote industrial structure adjustment. Compared with India, the foreign direct investment has been compared with the foreign direct investment. The effect on the second, third industry of our country is very significant, but the industrial structure of our country is heavy on the development of industrial manufacturing industry and the serious imbalance of its internal structure, which affects the effect of foreign direct investment on the industrial structure of our country to a certain extent. The foreign direct investment in India mainly concentrates on its third industry. In the service industry, the technology transfer and spillover effect of this part of foreign direct investment is obvious. This has promoted the development of the third industry in India to some extent, but because of the weak foundation of India's industrial and agricultural industry, it has not provided a solid foundation for the third industry of India, so even a large number of foreign direct investment has entered the third production of India. Industry has not been able to drive the rapid development of India's industry. Therefore, the effect of FDI on India's industrial structure adjustment and upgrading is not significant.
The structure of the article is divided into five parts. The first part is the introduction part of the article. It introduces the purpose and significance of this article, and the related documents of FDI and industrial structure upgrading from foreign direct investment and technology spillover, foreign direct investment and industrial association and foreign direct investment and capital formation. Carding is done.
The second part is the concept and the theoretical part. It introduces the theory of foreign direct investment and the related theory of industrial structure. The theory of foreign direct investment involves the theory of monopoly advantage, the theory of international product life cycle, the theory of internalization, the theory of marginal industry transfer and the theory of International production compromise. This paper introduces the theory of industrial association and the theory of industrial development form, the law of the evolution of industrial structure, the motivation of the evolution of the industrial structure and the optimization of the industrial structure. After introducing the theory, the paper analyzes the influence mechanism of the industrial structure upgrading caused by foreign direct investment, and points out that the foreign direct investment of the multinational companies is always accompanied by a package. It will not only bring capital to the host country, but also bring products, technology, management and management model, and make it infiltrate into the industrial structure of the host country. In this way, foreign direct investment not only promotes the capital of the host country, the development of the technology industry, but also the development of the related supporting industries of the East Road. Direct investment can affect the industrial structure of a country through technology transfer and spillover, international industrial transfer, industrial cluster and industrial capital.
The third and fourth parts are the key parts of the article. The third part analyses the development process and situation of foreign direct investment in the two countries, the industrial structure and the industrial structure characteristics of foreign direct investment, and points out that the industrial composition of foreign direct investment in the two countries has great differences. The main flow of FDI in India is gold. In the modern service industry such as financial and non-financial services, electronic equipment industry and communication industry, China's foreign direct investment flows mainly to labor intensive primary manufacturing industry. On the basis of different industries of foreign direct investment, the effect of foreign direct investment on industrial structure of the two countries is more detailed. Analysis.
The fourth part is an empirical part, considering the fact that the proportion of foreign direct investment in the first industry of the two countries is very low and thus the effect is not significant. This part takes the second, third industry of the two countries as the research object, and uses the empirical method to analyze the foreign direct investment in the second, third industries of the two countries and the added value of the second, third industry of the two countries. Through the horizontal comparison between the two countries, it is found that the effect of foreign direct investment in India on its industrial structure is less significant than that of China. The possible reason for the conclusion is that the development path of the two countries is not the same. Similarly, China has adopted a low to high development mode while India has developed from high to low.
The fifth part is the conclusion and Enlightenment part of the article. The conclusion part points out that the use of foreign capital is positively related to the industrial structure change of the two countries. Foreign direct investment has promoted the industrial structure adjustment and upgrading of the two countries, but the effect of using FDI to optimize industrial structure is more significant than that of India. The reason may be the development path of the two countries. In contrast, China has adopted a development model from low to high, while India is from high to low. At the same time, the article also concludes that the optimization and upgrading effect of the industrial structure caused by the two countries' FDI is limited. The main contents are as follows: (1) the industrial choice of FDI should be in accordance with the target of attracting investment; (2) to attract foreign direct investment should be taken into account "quantity" and "quality"; (3) the impact of FDI on the industrial structure of the two countries is limited, and the two countries should rely on themselves to adjust the industrial structure.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南財(cái)經(jīng)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：F124;F135.1
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