本文選題：恰克圖貿(mào)易 + 蒙古地區(qū)　； 參考：《中央民族大學(xué)》2013年碩士論文

【摘要】：中國的對(duì)外貿(mào)易與文化交流起源很早。不同歷史時(shí)期,中國各民族積極參與與其他民族的經(jīng)濟(jì)文化交流,在互通有無的同時(shí),增進(jìn)了相互間的了解和友誼。但自有清一代開始,中國的對(duì)外貿(mào)易由主動(dòng)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng),對(duì)外的經(jīng)濟(jì)文化交流逐漸收窄。在這種背景下,剛剛完成中央集權(quán)化的沙皇俄國不斷地與中國進(jìn)行主動(dòng)接觸。最終,以雍正五年(1728年)中、俄兩國政府簽訂的《恰克圖條約》為標(biāo)志,橫亙亞歐大陸,持續(xù)兩百多年的中俄恰克圖貿(mào)易拉開了帷幕。恰克圖貿(mào)易的發(fā)展在促進(jìn)中、俄兩國經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的同時(shí),對(duì)蒙古地區(qū)的經(jīng)濟(jì)文化產(chǎn)生了重要的影響。 本文以中俄恰克圖貿(mào)易史實(shí)為依據(jù),在界定恰克圖貿(mào)易相關(guān)的時(shí)間概念和蒙古地區(qū)的空間概念的基礎(chǔ)上,首先分析了恰克圖貿(mào)易形成前的貿(mào)易歷史及背景。進(jìn)而通過從貿(mào)易額、商品結(jié)構(gòu)、條約體系三個(gè)方面對(duì)恰克圖貿(mào)易的發(fā)展過程進(jìn)行梳理,并從中分析出致使恰克圖貿(mào)易走向衰敗的內(nèi)在和外在的誘因。由此形成了對(duì)恰克圖貿(mào)易的全面認(rèn)識(shí)。在這種認(rèn)知體系的基礎(chǔ)之上,首先以中俄恰克圖貿(mào)易在蒙古地區(qū)的商品運(yùn)輸路線為線索,分析了繁榮時(shí)期的恰克圖貿(mào)易與衰敗期的恰克圖貿(mào)易對(duì)蒙古地區(qū)交通運(yùn)輸業(yè)繁榮發(fā)展的不同影響。其次,本文選取了恰克圖(今蒙古國阿勒坦布拉格)、庫倫(今蒙古國烏蘭巴托)和張家口(今河北省張家口市)三個(gè)當(dāng)時(shí)受中俄恰克圖貿(mào)易影響而發(fā)展的城市典型進(jìn)行了分析。再次,本文對(duì)蒙古地區(qū)傳統(tǒng)畜牧業(yè)在恰克圖貿(mào)易影響下的發(fā)展進(jìn)行了分析。將上述三種影響分析綜合起來,本文將其與西伯利亞地區(qū)的經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展作一簡(jiǎn)單比對(duì)之后,得出了制度、政策、貿(mào)易本身三個(gè)致使恰克圖貿(mào)易影響下的蒙古地區(qū)經(jīng)濟(jì)相對(duì)較緩的原因。此外,本文還對(duì)恰克圖貿(mào)易對(duì)蒙古地區(qū)的文化影響進(jìn)行了分析。通過分析發(fā)現(xiàn),恰克圖貿(mào)易不僅使參與貿(mào)易的蒙古族、漢族和俄羅斯族之間的文化交流更加緊密,還對(duì)蒙古地區(qū)其他的少數(shù)民族間的文化交流起到了一定的促進(jìn)作用。在此基礎(chǔ)之上,文章特別對(duì)蒙古族——這一蒙古地區(qū)的主體民族商業(yè)思想和生活習(xí)慣上的變化進(jìn)行了進(jìn)一步的分析與思考。
[Abstract]:China's foreign trade and cultural exchanges originated early. In different historical periods, all ethnic groups in China have actively participated in economic and cultural exchanges with other nationalities, and at the same time, they have enhanced mutual understanding and friendship. However, since the Qing Dynasty, China's foreign trade has changed from active to passive, and foreign economic and cultural exchanges have gradually narrowed. Against this background, czar Russia, which had just completed centralization, kept making active contacts with China. Finally, in the five years of Yongzheng (1728), Russia and the two governments signed the Treaty of Chiktu as the symbol, across Asia and Europe, lasting more than 200 years of Sino-Russian trade began. The development of Chaktu trade promotes the economic development of Russia and Russia, at the same time, it exerts an important influence on the economy and culture of Mongolia. Based on the historical facts of trade between China and Russia, and on the basis of defining the concept of time related to trade in Chiktu and the concept of space in Mongolia, this paper first analyzes the trade history and background before the formation of Chiktu trade. Then through the trade volume, the commodity structure, the treaty system three aspects carries on the combing to the Chaktu trade development process, and analyzes the internal and external inducement which causes the Chaktu trade to decline. This formed a comprehensive understanding of Chaktu trade. On the basis of this cognitive system, the first clue is the commodity transport route of the Sino-Russian Chiaktu trade in Mongolia. This paper analyzes the different influences of Chaktu trade in boom period and chaktu trade in declining period on the prosperity and development of transportation industry in Mongolia. Secondly, this paper selected three typical cities which were affected by the trade between China and Russia at that time: Chiaktu (now Aletan Prague, Mongolia), Cullen (now Mongolia Ulaanbaatar) and Zhangjiakou (now Zhangjiakou City, Hebei Province). Thirdly, this paper analyzes the development of traditional animal husbandry in Mongolia under the influence of Chaktu trade. After synthesizing the above three kinds of impact analysis, this paper compares them with the economic development of Siberia and draws the system and policy. Trade itself causes the relatively slow economy of Mongolia under the influence of Chaktu trade. In addition, this paper also analyzes the cultural impact of Chaktu trade on Mongolia. Through the analysis, it is found that the Chaktu trade not only makes the cultural exchange between Mongolian, Han and Russian nationalities more close, but also promotes the cultural exchange among other ethnic minorities in Mongolia. On this basis, the paper makes a further analysis and reflection on the change of business thought and living habits of the main ethnic group in Mongolia.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中央民族大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：F127;F752.7

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