本文選題：元代以前 + 蒙古族�。� 參考：《中央民族大學(xué)》2013年碩士論文

【摘要】：蒙古族是我國少數(shù)民族中歷史悠久、人口較多、影響力較大的民族。研究這樣一個曾經(jīng)極其輝煌并對中國有著巨大影響的游牧民族的經(jīng)濟(jì)史,對于認(rèn)識今天北方少數(shù)民族的經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展具有重要借鑒意義。 本文作為“985工程”項目“蒙古族經(jīng)濟(jì)史研究”的開篇部分,重點(diǎn)對元代以前蒙古族經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展作綜合性整體研究。在第一章探究了蒙古族的起源及其與北方各游牧民族的關(guān)系,如匈奴、東胡以及屬于東胡族系的鮮卑、柔然、契丹、烏桓、室韋等部族對蒙古族這個新的民族共同體的影響及聯(lián)系,部族聯(lián)盟時期的經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展情況及與其他部族的經(jīng)濟(jì)交往等,同時,對蒙古族主體部族室韋的興起、初期經(jīng)濟(jì)活動等進(jìn)行了重點(diǎn)介紹。在第二章對蒙古族統(tǒng)一前的經(jīng)濟(jì)形式和特點(diǎn)進(jìn)行了研究,重點(diǎn)介紹了蒙古族以游牧經(jīng)濟(jì)為主的基本生產(chǎn)生活方式,分析了游牧經(jīng)濟(jì)脆弱性、季節(jié)性、流動性的特點(diǎn),同時對蒙古族形成后至蒙古汗國建立前各時期的經(jīng)濟(jì)特點(diǎn)進(jìn)行了深入研究,如蒙古族經(jīng)濟(jì)社會從原始的狩獵——采集經(jīng)濟(jì)文化類型過渡到以草原游牧經(jīng)濟(jì)文化類型為主導(dǎo),并有少量農(nóng)業(yè)經(jīng)濟(jì)作為畜牧經(jīng)濟(jì)的補(bǔ)充形式而存在,游牧生產(chǎn)方式逐漸從“古列延”過渡到“阿寅勒”,游牧經(jīng)濟(jì)的開放性也促進(jìn)了北方游牧部族間的融合,為蒙古族的統(tǒng)一奠定了較為堅實(shí)的經(jīng)濟(jì)基礎(chǔ)。第三章將蒙古族階級社會的形成和發(fā)展作為重點(diǎn)研究對象。隨著蒙古社會生產(chǎn)力的提高,畜牧業(yè)的發(fā)展,私有財產(chǎn)范圍逐漸擴(kuò)大,數(shù)量日益增加,財產(chǎn)占有的不平衡,導(dǎo)致貧富分化和私有制的產(chǎn)生。而富人和窮人、自由人和奴隸、貴族和平民的出現(xiàn),打破了蒙古社會人與人自由、平等的關(guān)系,形成了人剝削人、人奴役人的階級關(guān)系,蒙古族逐步由氏族公社過渡到了階級社會,完成了生產(chǎn)關(guān)系的重大變革。富有者不僅占有生產(chǎn)資料,也逐漸占有勞動者本身,這就導(dǎo)致奴隸制的產(chǎn)生。奴隸主要來源于戰(zhàn)爭、買賣、陪嫁、世襲、罪犯和自動投靠為奴,供那顏貴族家內(nèi)役使、從事生產(chǎn)勞動和用于軍隊,處于完全被統(tǒng)治,被役使的地位。蒙古族奴隸制社會持續(xù)時間不長,隨著蒙古族統(tǒng)一,蒙古族經(jīng)濟(jì)迅速發(fā)展,那可兒和合剌出等構(gòu)成的社會關(guān)系,形成了處于萌芽狀態(tài)的封建關(guān)系,這種封建關(guān)系一經(jīng)出現(xiàn),便以巨大的力量沖擊奴隸制。為適應(yīng)社會發(fā)展需要,打破原有奴隸制生產(chǎn)關(guān)系對生產(chǎn)力繼續(xù)發(fā)展的桎梏,奴隸主與奴隸之間、各階級、各政治集團(tuán)之間展開了激烈的錯綜復(fù)雜的斗爭,斗爭的結(jié)局——蒙古社會逐步實(shí)現(xiàn)了由奴隸制向封建制的過渡,中國北方第一次出現(xiàn)了統(tǒng)一各個部族而形成的強(qiáng)大、穩(wěn)定和不斷發(fā)展的民族——蒙古族。第四章重點(diǎn)介紹了成吉思汗登上歷史舞臺后所開創(chuàng)的經(jīng)濟(jì)事業(yè)和取得的經(jīng)濟(jì)成就。蒙古族憑借其游牧經(jīng)濟(jì)的優(yōu)勢建立了蒙古汗國,成為世界上疆域最為廣大的帝國,橫行歐亞大陸。蒙古汗國建立了封建領(lǐng)主制,實(shí)行了千戶分封制,制定了大札撒成文法。在經(jīng)濟(jì)制度上,實(shí)行了封建領(lǐng)主土地制度、賦稅制度、徭役制度、貨幣制度等；在經(jīng)濟(jì)成就上,蒙古汗國的畜牧業(yè)、農(nóng)業(yè)、手工業(yè)及商業(yè)都有了快速發(fā)展,同時,蒙古汗國加強(qiáng)與東西方各民族的經(jīng)濟(jì)技術(shù)文化交流,有力地促進(jìn)了東西方文明的相互傳播與交流。
[Abstract]:The Mongolian nationality is a nation with a long history, a large population and great influence among the ethnic minorities in our country. It is of great significance to study the economic history of the nomadic people, which has once been extremely brilliant and has a great influence on China, and is of great significance for the understanding of the economic development of the minority nationalities in the north of the north.
This article, as the first part of the "985 Project" project "the study of the Mongolian economic history", focuses on the comprehensive and integrated study of the Mongolian economic development before the Yuan Dynasty. In the first chapter, the origin of the Mongolian nationality and its relations with the nomadic people in the north are explored, such as the Xiongnu, Donghu and the Xianbei, the ROEN, Khitan, Wuhuan, and the Donghu family. The influence and connection of the Wei and other tribes on the new national community, the economic development in the period of the tribal alliance and the economic contacts with other tribes, and the emphasis on the rise of the Mongolian main tribe and the initial economic activities. In the second chapter, the economic forms and characteristics before the unification of the Mongolian nationality are carried out. The study focuses on the basic production and life style of Mongolian people based on nomadic economy, analyses the characteristics of the frailty, seasonality and fluidity of nomadic economy, and studies the economic characteristics of the Mongolian nationality after the formation of Mongolia khanate, such as the Mongolian economy and society from the primitive hunting. The transition of the type of economic culture to the type of pasture nomadic economy and culture, and the existence of a small amount of agricultural economy as a supplementary form of animal husbandry economy, the mode of nomadic production gradually shifted from the "ancient series" to the "Al Yin le". The openness of the nomadic economy also promoted the integration of the nomadic tribes in the north, and laid the foundation for the unification of the Mongolian nationality. In the third chapter, the third chapter takes the formation and development of the Mongolian class society as the focus of research. With the improvement of the productive forces of the society, the development of the animal husbandry, the expansion of the private property, the increase in the number of private property, the unbalance of the possession of property, the emergence of the rich and the rich and the poor, and the rich and the poor. The emergence of people and slaves, aristocrats and civilians broke the relationship between human freedom and equality in Mongolia society, formed the class relations of human exploitation and slavery, and the Mongolian nationality was gradually transferred from the clan commune to the class society and completed a major change in the production relationship. The rich not only occupied the production data, but also gradually occupied the labourer's book. As a result, slavery led to the emergence of slavery. Slaves were mainly derived from war, sale, marriage, hereditary, criminal and automatic surrender to slavery, for the noblemen to work and to be used in the production and use of the army, to be fully ruled, and to be slaving. The Mongolian slavery society lasted for a long time, and with the unification of the Mongolian nationality, the Mongolian economy was fast. The rapid development, the social relations formed by the son and the hehe, formed a feudal relationship in the bud, and the feudal relationship, once appeared, had a great power to impact slavery. In order to adapt to the needs of the social development, it broke the shackles of the original slavery production relationship to the sustainable development of the productive forces, between the slave owners and the slaves, and the classes, Among the political groups, a fierce and complicated struggle was carried out, and the outcome of the struggle - the transition from slavery to feudalism was gradually realized in Mongolia society. The first time in northern China was the strong, stable and continuous development of the Mongols, which was formed by the unification of various tribes in the North of China. The fourth chapter focuses on the introduction of Gen Gi Khan. The economic undertakings and economic achievements made after the historical stage established the Mongolia Khanate with the advantage of its nomadic economy, which became the most vast empire in the world, crossed the Eurasia continent. The Mongolia Khanate established the feudal lord system, carried out the system of thousands of households and formulated the Da Zi Satin grammar. The land system of feudal lords, the tax system, the system of Taxation, the monetary system and so on. In the economic achievement, the animal husbandry, agriculture, handicraft industry and Commerce of Mongolia Khanate had developed rapidly. At the same time, Mongolia Khanate strengthened the economic and cultural exchanges with the various ethnic groups of the East and the west, which effectively promoted the communication and communication between the eastern and Western civilizations.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中央民族大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：F129

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