本文選題：壟斷 + 收入差距　； 參考：《山東大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：我國實行對外開放以來,隨著“允許一部分人先富起來”的政策執(zhí)行,居民收入水平大幅度提高,然后收入差距問題卻逐步顯現(xiàn)。過分的收入差距不但影響經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的速度和質(zhì)量,還會導(dǎo)致社會動蕩。地區(qū)收入差異、城鄉(xiāng)收入差異引起了社會的極大關(guān)注,然而,近年來行業(yè)間收入差距問題日漸突出。為全面分析行業(yè)間收入差距問題,本文以典型壟斷行業(yè)和競爭行業(yè)為例,采用均值比、極值比、均值差、極值差、泰爾指數(shù)、基尼系數(shù)等指標(biāo)測算了近年來行業(yè)間收入差距的變化趨勢,結(jié)果顯示：在剔除價格指數(shù)變動后,行業(yè)間的絕對收入差距是逐漸變大的；行業(yè)間的相對收入差距有先變大后變小的趨勢。壟斷行業(yè)有遠(yuǎn)高于競爭行業(yè)的工資外收入,本文量化了所選行業(yè)的工資外收入,分別從平均薪酬、平均工資、工資外收入的角度分析了行業(yè)間的收入差距現(xiàn)狀,結(jié)果表明：無論是用平均薪酬還是用工資外收入測度的行業(yè)間收入差距,都大于用平均工資測度的相應(yīng)數(shù)值,其中用平均薪酬測度的行業(yè)間收入差距的泰爾指數(shù)是用平均工資測度的相應(yīng)數(shù)值的兩倍左右,用工資外收入測度的泰爾指數(shù)是用平均工資測度的相應(yīng)數(shù)值的3.6倍；無論是平均薪酬測度行業(yè)間收入差距的基尼系數(shù)0.3462,還是工資外收入測度的行業(yè)間收入差距的基尼系數(shù)0.4576,都大于用平均工資測度的行業(yè)的基尼系數(shù)0.2566,其中用工資外收入測度的行業(yè)間收入差距的基尼系數(shù)超過了0.4的警戒線。也就是說用平均工資測度的行業(yè)間收入差距嚴(yán)重低估了真實的行業(yè)收入差距狀況。在實證部分,本文采用費景漢-拉尼斯分解測度了各影響因素的貢獻(xiàn)程度。結(jié)果表明：在影響工資差距的解釋因素中,壟斷的貢獻(xiàn)程度最大,是造成行業(yè)間工資差距的最主要原因：受教育程度對行業(yè)間收入差距的貢獻(xiàn)程度次之,是形成行業(yè)間收入差距的很重要的原因；人均資產(chǎn)在一定程度上能拉大行業(yè)間的收入差距；外資比例對行業(yè)間收入差距的貢獻(xiàn)度是負(fù)值,說明外商的進(jìn)入在一定程度上有助于縮小行業(yè)間的收入差距。為對行業(yè)間收入差距做合理性分析,本文借鑒Cotton模型把行業(yè)間平均薪酬差距分解為三部分：合理性差距、壟斷行業(yè)高于無歧視性收入部分、競爭行業(yè)低于無歧視性收入部分,并具體測度了各部分所占的比重。在此基礎(chǔ)上,本文進(jìn)一步拓展了Cotton模型,量化了各壟斷行業(yè)的可解釋性薪酬。結(jié)果顯示：航空運(yùn)輸業(yè)實際薪酬高出可解釋性薪酬的比例最大；電力、熱力的生產(chǎn)和供應(yīng)業(yè),電信和其他信息傳輸服務(wù)業(yè)次之。
[Abstract]:Since China's opening to the outside world, with the implementation of the policy of "allowing some people to get rich first", the income level of the residents has been greatly increased, and then the problem of income gap has gradually emerged. Excessive income gap not only affects the speed and quality of economic development, but also leads to social unrest. Regional income difference, urban-rural income difference has aroused great concern of the society. However, in recent years, the problem of inter-industry income gap is becoming more and more prominent. In order to analyze the problem of income gap between industries, this paper takes typical monopoly industries and competitive industries as examples, using mean ratio, extreme value ratio, mean value difference, extreme value difference, Thiel index, etc. Gini coefficient and other indicators measured the trend of income gap between industries in recent years, the results show that: after excluding the price index changes, the absolute income gap between industries is gradually increasing; The relative income gap between industries has a tendency to grow first and then narrow. The monopoly industry has much higher income than the competition industry. This paper quantifies the extra wage income of the selected industry, and analyzes the current situation of the income gap between the industries from the perspective of average salary, average wage, and extra wage income, respectively. The results show that the income gap between industries measured by the average salary or the income outside the wage is larger than the corresponding value measured by the average wage. The Terre index measured by the average salary is about twice the corresponding value measured by the average wage, and the Terre index measured by the income outside the wage is 3.6 times the corresponding value measured by the average wage. The Gini coefficient of the average salary measure of the income gap between industries is 0.3462, or the Gini coefficient of the income gap between the industries measured by the wage is 0.4576, which is larger than the Gini coefficient of the industry measured by the average wage, in which the Gini coefficient of the industry measured by the average wage is 0.2566. The Gini coefficient of the income measure of the inter-industry income gap exceeds the warning line of 0. 4. In other words, the industry income gap measured by the average wage seriously underestimates the real industry income gap. In the empirical part, we use Fjinghan-Laris decomposition to measure the contribution of various factors. The results show that, among the factors that influence the wage gap, monopoly contributes the most, which is the main reason for the wage gap between industries: the contribution of education to the income gap between industries is the second. The per capita assets can to some extent widen the income gap between industries, and the contribution of the proportion of foreign capital to the income gap between industries is negative. It shows that the entry of foreign investors helps to narrow the income gap between industries to a certain extent. In order to analyze the rationality of the income gap between industries, this paper uses Cotton model to divide the average pay gap into three parts: reasonable gap, monopoly industry is higher than nondiscriminatory income part, competition industry is lower than nondiscriminatory income part. The proportion of each part is measured concretely. On this basis, the cotton model is further expanded to quantify the interpretable remuneration of monopoly industries. The results show that the actual salary of the air transportation industry is higher than that of the interpretable salary, followed by the production and supply of electricity, heat and heat, and the telecommunication and other information transmission services.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：F124.7

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本文編號：2045451