本文選題：財政支農(nóng) + 城鄉(xiāng)居民收入差距　； 參考：《西南大學》2013年碩士論文

【摘要】：改革開放以來,我國經(jīng)濟增長取得了舉世矚目的成就,創(chuàng)造了經(jīng)濟世界中一個又一個“奇跡”,無論是整體經(jīng)濟實力還是居民收入水平都得到大幅提升。但是,非均衡增長尤其是城鄉(xiāng)居民間收入的非同步增長已經(jīng)凸顯出來,導致城鄉(xiāng)間居民收入差距呈不斷拉大的趨勢。農(nóng)業(yè)投入少、生產(chǎn)效率低、農(nóng)村勞動力過剩、城鄉(xiāng)產(chǎn)品價格差等一系列因素都是農(nóng)業(yè)低水平發(fā)展的原因,從而導致農(nóng)村居民收入增長跟不上城市居民的增長速度,二者之間的收入差距逐漸擴大。 本文研究發(fā)現(xiàn),除了農(nóng)業(yè)本身的弱質(zhì)性以及城鄉(xiāng)二元體制等一系列內(nèi)在和外莊因素外,財政支農(nóng)低規(guī)模水平和不太合理的結(jié)構(gòu)也是城鄉(xiāng)居民收入差距的因素。其中,財政支農(nóng)規(guī)模支出量不斷增加對城鄉(xiāng)居民收入差距具有抑制效應,但是財政支農(nóng)在總財政中份額不斷下降卻起著顯著的拉大效應,這兩個指標本來就是支農(nóng)規(guī)模不同視角的反映,所以二者效應抵消后,財政支農(nóng)支出規(guī)模對城鄉(xiāng)收入差距抑制效應不明顯,這與當前現(xiàn)狀相符。財政支農(nóng)結(jié)構(gòu)不合理是抑制財政支農(nóng)提高農(nóng)民收入、抑制收入差距作用的根本原因。非生產(chǎn)性部門事業(yè)費擠出生產(chǎn)性支出和其他促進農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展方面的支出,造成財政支農(nóng)資金使用效率低下；農(nóng)業(yè)科技三項費、農(nóng)業(yè)基礎設施支出比重較低,沒能充分發(fā)揮這兩項支出的規(guī)模效應及長期效應；農(nóng)村救濟費能夠顯著抑制收入差距但是其效應時期較短,短期內(nèi)能起到直接提高農(nóng)民收入的作用。所以,如此低效率的財政支農(nóng)支出完全不符合發(fā)展農(nóng)業(yè)現(xiàn)代化要求,深化財政支農(nóng)體制改革是縮小城鄉(xiāng)收入差距的必由之路。 結(jié)合實證研究結(jié)果以及我國農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展現(xiàn)實、農(nóng)民增收現(xiàn)狀,以及農(nóng)業(yè)現(xiàn)代化發(fā)展的新方向。筆者認為一方面適當穩(wěn)定增加財政支農(nóng)規(guī)模、在有限財政支農(nóng)規(guī)模上優(yōu)化其結(jié)構(gòu)是現(xiàn)階段財政政策調(diào)整的重要方向,逐步破除財政二元體制,適當增加財政支農(nóng)份額,縮減部門事業(yè)費等非生產(chǎn)性支出；大幅增加科技三項費用、基礎設施建設支出,充分發(fā)揮這兩項支出的規(guī)模收益和長期效應；適當穩(wěn)定增加農(nóng)村救濟費,短期內(nèi)能直接提高農(nóng)民收入。另一方面是財政支農(nóng)支出體制的建設和完善,財政支農(nóng)不是數(shù)字游戲,而是一項長期工程,財政支農(nóng)長效機制的形成是保障農(nóng)業(yè)現(xiàn)代化的必然出路。財政支農(nóng)長效機制要求支農(nóng)資金在完善農(nóng)村土地流轉(zhuǎn)體制、創(chuàng)新農(nóng)村土地使用、創(chuàng)新農(nóng)村經(jīng)營體制、完善農(nóng)業(yè)科技服務體系等方面發(fā)揮主導作用。 總之,城鄉(xiāng)居民收入差距的形成是多方面因素造成的結(jié)果,要實現(xiàn)農(nóng)民快速增收縮小城鄉(xiāng)收入差距也是一項綜合性、長期性工程。財政支農(nóng)支出規(guī)模提升、結(jié)構(gòu)優(yōu)化及體制創(chuàng)新是政府為主導調(diào)整城鄉(xiāng)收入分配主要調(diào)整措施,提高財政支農(nóng)資金使用效率是真正實現(xiàn)農(nóng)業(yè)現(xiàn)代化、提高農(nóng)民收入、縮小城鄉(xiāng)居民收入差距、以實現(xiàn)我國經(jīng)濟社會穩(wěn)定健康發(fā)展的必要條件。
[Abstract]:Since the reform and opening up, China's economic growth has made remarkable achievements and created a "miracle" in the economic world. Both the overall economic strength and the income level of the residents have been greatly improved. However, the unbalanced growth, especially the non synchronous growth of urban and rural residents' income, has been highlighted, leading to the urban and rural areas. The income gap of the residents is increasing. A series of factors such as low agricultural input, low production efficiency, surplus rural labor and poor price of urban and rural products are the reasons for the low level of agricultural development, which leads to the growth rate of rural residents' income and the growth rate of urban residents, and the income gap between the two is gradually expanding.
In addition to a series of internal and external factors, such as the weak nature of agriculture itself and the two yuan system in urban and rural areas, the low level and unreasonable structure of the financial support for agriculture are also the factors of the income gap between urban and rural residents. The two indexes are reflected in the different perspectives of the scale of agriculture, so the effect of the scale of financial support on the income gap of urban and rural areas is not obvious after the two effect is offset, which is in conformity with the current situation. The root cause of the effect of raising farmers' income and restraining the income gap is that the non productive sector costs are squeezed out of productive expenditure and other expenditure on promoting agricultural development, resulting in the low efficiency of the use of financial support for agriculture; the three expenses of agricultural science and technology, the low proportion of agricultural infrastructure expenditure, and the failure to give full play to the regulations of these two expenditures Model effect and long-term effect, rural relief fee can significantly reduce the income gap but its effect period is short, short term can play a direct role in raising farmers' income. Therefore, such a low efficiency financial support expenditure is completely incompatible with the requirements of development of agricultural modernization, and deepening the reform of the system of financial support and agriculture is to narrow the income gap between urban and rural areas. The only way.
Combined with the results of empirical research and the reality of agricultural development in China, the current situation of farmers' income increase and the new direction of the development of agricultural modernization, the author thinks that it is an important direction for the adjustment of fiscal policy at the present stage to properly and steadily increase the scale of financial support and optimize its structure on the scale of the limited financial support for agriculture, and gradually break the two yuan system of finance. We should increase the share of financial support to agriculture, reduce the non productive expenditure and so on, and increase the three expenses of science and technology, the expenditure of infrastructure construction, give full play to the scale income and long-term effect of the two expenses, and increase the rural relief expenses properly and steadily. In the short term, the income of farmers can be improved directly. On the other hand, the system of financial support for agriculture is the expenditure system. The construction and improvement of the financial support for agriculture is not a digital game, but a long-term project. The formation of the long-term mechanism of financial support for agriculture is the inevitable way to ensure the modernization of agriculture. The long-term mechanism of financial support for agriculture requires the supporting agricultural funds to improve the rural land circulation system, innovate the rural land use, innovate the rural management system and improve the agricultural scientific and technological service. System and other aspects play a leading role.
In a word, the formation of the income gap between urban and rural residents is the result of many factors. It is also comprehensive to realize the rapid increase of farmers' income and reduce the income gap between urban and rural areas. The long-term project. The scale of financial support for agriculture is promoted. The structure optimization and system innovation are the main adjustment measures to adjust the income distribution of urban and rural areas by the government, and improve the financial support. The use efficiency of agricultural capital is a necessary condition for realizing the modernization of agriculture, raising the income of farmers, narrowing the income gap between urban and rural residents, and realizing the stable and healthy development of our country's economy and society.
【學位授予單位】：西南大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：F124.7;F812.8

【參考文獻】

相關期刊論文 前10條

1 侯風云;張鳳兵;;農(nóng)村人力資本投資及外溢與城鄉(xiāng)差距實證研究[J];財經(jīng)研究;2007年08期

2 曾國安;胡晶晶;;中國城鄉(xiāng)居民收入差距演變趨勢及原因研究述評[J];當代經(jīng)濟研究;2007年06期

3 冉光和;魯釗陽;;金融發(fā)展、外商直接投資與城鄉(xiāng)收入差距——基于我國省級面板數(shù)據(jù)的門檻模型分析[J];系統(tǒng)工程;2011年07期

4 劉文忻;陸云航;;要素積累、政府政策與我國城鄉(xiāng)收入差距[J];經(jīng)濟理論與經(jīng)濟管理;2006年04期

5 王紅濤;;中國城鄉(xiāng)收入差距分析——基于泰爾指數(shù)的分解[J];經(jīng)濟論壇;2009年12期

6 曾國安;;論工業(yè)化過程中導致城鄉(xiāng)居民收入差距擴大的自然因素與制度因素[J];經(jīng)濟評論;2007年03期

7 曾國安;洪麗;;收入不平等與經(jīng)濟增長關聯(lián)機制研究進展[J];經(jīng)濟學動態(tài);2010年05期

8 陳宗勝;倒U曲線的“階梯形”變異[J];經(jīng)濟研究;1994年05期

9 陳宗勝,周云波;非法非正常收入對居民收入差別的影響及其經(jīng)濟學解釋[J];經(jīng)濟研究;2001年04期

10 林毅夫,劉培林;中國的經(jīng)濟發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略與地區(qū)收入差距[J];經(jīng)濟研究;2003年03期

，

本文編號：1994063