本文選題：外商直接投資 + 收入差距��； 參考：《東北財(cái)經(jīng)大學(xué)》2013年碩士論文

【摘要】：隨著中國(guó)全球化進(jìn)程的不斷加快,2002年我國(guó)超過(guò)美國(guó)成為全球第一大外資引進(jìn)國(guó)。FDI大量進(jìn)入中國(guó),對(duì)中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)的長(zhǎng)期發(fā)展有著長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)的影響。FDI大量流入中國(guó)可以緩解當(dāng)前外匯和資金的短缺,對(duì)中國(guó)城鄉(xiāng)居民收入產(chǎn)生了深遠(yuǎn)的影響。隨著中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)的高速發(fā)展,收入分配和社會(huì)不平等現(xiàn)象隨之出現(xiàn),中國(guó)的貧富差異似乎呈不斷擴(kuò)大的趨勢(shì),收入不平等波及的范圍和程度不斷加大,中國(guó)城鄉(xiāng)居民收入的基尼系數(shù)呈現(xiàn)逐年擴(kuò)大的趨勢(shì)。2011年中國(guó)的基尼系數(shù)超過(guò)0.55,成為世界上貧富差距最大的國(guó)家之一。在FDI快速流入中國(guó)的今天,研究FDI對(duì)中國(guó)城鄉(xiāng)居民收入的分配效應(yīng),了解FDI影響中國(guó)收入不平等的傳導(dǎo)機(jī)制,在此基礎(chǔ)上提出有效的政策措施,具有重要的實(shí)踐價(jià)值。 在外資規(guī)模與城鄉(xiāng)收入差距懸殊的背景下,本文的研究是非常有意義的,本文基于“倒U”理論、發(fā)展／現(xiàn)代理論和世界／依附體系假說(shuō)、溢出效應(yīng)以及我國(guó)省際面板數(shù)據(jù),旨在考察FDI影響我國(guó)城鄉(xiāng)收入差距的具體傳導(dǎo)機(jī)制以及影響的程度,意在直觀展現(xiàn)全國(guó)和東中西地區(qū)FDI與城鄉(xiāng)收入差距間的關(guān)系,提出促進(jìn)各地區(qū)協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展的政策建議,希望能夠?yàn)楹髞?lái)的研究者提供參考和借鑒。 本文的內(nèi)容由五部分組成： 第一部分為緒論。介紹本文的研究背景、意義、主要內(nèi)容和框架結(jié)構(gòu),簡(jiǎn)要闡述了本文所使用的研究方法與創(chuàng)新與不足之處。 第二部分是文獻(xiàn)綜述部分�；仡櫫藝�(guó)內(nèi)外學(xué)者對(duì)外商直接投資與城鄉(xiāng)收入差距之間關(guān)系的研究成果后,系統(tǒng)分析改革開(kāi)放以來(lái),尤其是1992年以后中國(guó)利用外商直接投資和城鄉(xiāng)收入差距變化的情況。不少的文獻(xiàn)集中從中國(guó)整體的角度進(jìn)行論證,但是從中國(guó)省際城鄉(xiāng)居民收入差距問(wèn)題分析的較少；研究外商直接投資對(duì)城鄉(xiāng)收入差距直接作用的較多,研究間接作用,即傳導(dǎo)機(jī)制的相對(duì)較少。針對(duì)以上問(wèn)題,本文采用理論研究與實(shí)證研究相結(jié)合,選擇各個(gè)省市的面板數(shù)據(jù),運(yùn)用固定效應(yīng)模型進(jìn)行實(shí)證。 第三部分是中國(guó)FDI與城鄉(xiāng)居民收入差距的理論分析部分,對(duì)我國(guó)收入差距問(wèn)題的成因、經(jīng)典的收入差距理論以及FDI影響收入差距的傳導(dǎo)機(jī)制等因素進(jìn)行分析。在理論研究上,通過(guò)對(duì)外商直接投資影響我國(guó)城鄉(xiāng)居民收入差距的傳導(dǎo)機(jī)制的研究,將“倒U”理論、發(fā)展／現(xiàn)代理論和世界／依附體系假說(shuō)、溢出效應(yīng)與我國(guó)的現(xiàn)實(shí)相結(jié)合進(jìn)行分析,發(fā)現(xiàn)在中國(guó)不同時(shí)期和地區(qū),可以用不同理論來(lái)解釋中國(guó)的城鄉(xiāng)收入差距問(wèn)題。 第四部分是實(shí)證分析。本文實(shí)證研究中選取的是面板數(shù)據(jù),面板數(shù)據(jù)的實(shí)證結(jié)果表明：將理論分析過(guò)程中的各種FDI對(duì)城鄉(xiāng)收入差距傳導(dǎo)機(jī)制變量化,利用固定效應(yīng)模型加以模擬,發(fā)現(xiàn)FDI的流入拉大了中國(guó)整體的城鄉(xiāng)收入差距,但其影響效果不顯著,對(duì)于不同地區(qū)的效應(yīng)是不同的,其中對(duì)東部地區(qū)的影響是正向的,中西部地區(qū)是負(fù)向影響,其中以西部地區(qū)的負(fù)面影響最大。因此,為了使FDI流入對(duì)中國(guó)城鄉(xiāng)收入差距的負(fù)面影響降到最低,教育水平相對(duì)落后的西部要積極發(fā)展教育,提高教育的發(fā)展水平,而東部地區(qū)要積極吸引農(nóng)村就業(yè)者投入到第二產(chǎn)業(yè)和第三產(chǎn)業(yè)的勞動(dòng)中來(lái)。 第五部分是政策建議,在第三章理論分析和第四章實(shí)證檢驗(yàn)的基礎(chǔ)上,發(fā)現(xiàn)在現(xiàn)階段,對(duì)外貿(mào)易和FDI均擴(kuò)大了我國(guó)的城鄉(xiāng)收入差距。為進(jìn)一步完善對(duì)外貿(mào)易、吸引FDI的市場(chǎng)環(huán)境,我們需要采取一些相應(yīng)的政策,進(jìn)而改善中國(guó)城鄉(xiāng)收人差距狀況。在引進(jìn)外資的過(guò)程中,我們應(yīng)合理引導(dǎo)外資流向,鼓勵(lì)外資流向區(qū)域的差異性；加大教育投入、普及科技知識(shí),提供技能培訓(xùn),促使低技能勞動(dòng)者轉(zhuǎn)化成高技能的勞動(dòng)者,最大程度滿足我國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的需要；促進(jìn)產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)升級(jí),引導(dǎo)外資流入第三產(chǎn)業(yè)；制定相應(yīng)政策,鼓勵(lì)中國(guó)各地區(qū)勞動(dòng)者的合理流動(dòng),使從事農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)的勞動(dòng)者向非農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)部門轉(zhuǎn)移,第一產(chǎn)業(yè)和第二產(chǎn)業(yè)的勞動(dòng)者向第三產(chǎn)業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)移,以提高農(nóng)村勞動(dòng)者收入,縮小城鄉(xiāng)居民的收入差距。 本文的創(chuàng)新有以下二點(diǎn)： 第一,研究角度創(chuàng)新。從目前的實(shí)證研究來(lái)看,不少的文獻(xiàn)集中從中國(guó)整體的角度進(jìn)行論證,但是從中國(guó)省際城鄉(xiāng)居民收入差距問(wèn)題分析的較少。本文針對(duì)29個(gè)省市自治區(qū),20年的面板數(shù)據(jù),分析FDI流入對(duì)各個(gè)地區(qū)城鄉(xiāng)收入差距產(chǎn)生的不同影響。 第二,研究途徑創(chuàng)新。目前,關(guān)于FDI影響中國(guó)城鄉(xiāng)收入差距的文獻(xiàn)中,研究FDI對(duì)收入差距直接作用的較多,間接作用的較少。很多文獻(xiàn)研究的只是外商直接投資對(duì)地區(qū)收入的影響,并未考慮外商投資引致的其它因素(如地區(qū)對(duì)外開(kāi)放程度對(duì)收入的影響)。本文從中國(guó)各省市自治區(qū)的面板數(shù)據(jù)入手,研究了FDI引起中國(guó)城鄉(xiāng)居民收入差距的傳導(dǎo)機(jī)制。 本文研究,有以下的不足：首先,本文以城鄉(xiāng)收入比變量作為解釋中國(guó)城鄉(xiāng)收入差距的指標(biāo),忽略了農(nóng)村居民和城鎮(zhèn)居民內(nèi)部的收入差距,因此,衡量城鄉(xiāng)收入差距的指標(biāo)有待提高。其次,本文選取的教育指標(biāo)為高等學(xué)校在校生數(shù)占地區(qū)總?cè)藬?shù)的比例,該指標(biāo)無(wú)法準(zhǔn)確的衡量我國(guó)的教育水平。最后,由于篇幅限制,本文并未具體到模型解釋變量空間中的各個(gè)變量,分析從不同變量的角度闡述FDI對(duì)城鄉(xiāng)收入差距之間的作用方向。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of China ' s globalization process , China surpassed the United States as the world ' s largest foreign - capital importing country in 2002 . The large number of FDI flows into China has a long - term impact on the long - term development of China ' s economy . With the rapid development of China ' s economy , income distribution and social inequality , China ' s inequality appears to be expanding . In 2011 , China ' s inequality appears to be expanding . In 2011 , China ' s inequality appears to be expanding . In 2011 , China ' s income inequality appears to be the largest in the world . In 2011 , China ' s income inequality appears to be the largest in the world .

In the background of the disparity between the size of foreign capital and the income gap between urban and rural income , the research of this paper is of great significance . Based on the theory of " inverted U " , the hypothesis of developing / modern theory and world / dependency system , the spillover effect and the data of inter - provincial panel , this paper aims to explore the relationship between FDI and urban and rural income gap in China and East China .

The contents of this paper are composed of five parts :

The first part introduces the background , meaning , main contents and frame structure of this paper . The research methods and innovations used in this paper are briefly described .

The second part is the literature review part . After reviewing the research results of the relationship between foreign direct investment and urban - rural income gap at home and abroad , it is especially the case of China ' s use of foreign direct investment and the change of urban and rural income gap since the reform and opening up .
This paper studies the direct effect of foreign direct investment on the income gap between urban and rural areas , and studies the indirect effect , that is , the relatively few transmission mechanisms . In view of the above problems , this paper uses the combination of theoretical research and empirical research to select the panel data of each province and city , and uses the fixed effect model to make an empirical study .

The third part is the theoretical analysis of the gap between China ' s FDI and urban and rural residents ' income gap , and analyzes the causes of the problem of income gap in China , the classical income gap theory and the mechanism of FDI ' s influence on income gap .

The fourth part is the empirical analysis . The empirical results of the empirical research are panel data . The empirical results of panel data show that the influence of FDI into the urban and rural income gap is different , but the effect of FDI is not significant . In the west , the influence of FDI is negative . The western region has the greatest negative impact . Therefore , in order to minimize the negative impact of FDI into the urban and rural income gap , the western region should actively develop education to improve the development level of education .

The fifth part is the policy suggestion . On the basis of the third chapter ' s theoretical analysis and the fourth chapter ' s empirical test , it is found that both the foreign trade and the FDI have expanded our country ' s urban and rural income gap . In order to further improve the foreign trade and attract the market environment of FDI , we need to adopt some corresponding policies to improve the gap between urban and rural residents .
Increase investment in education , popularize scientific and technological knowledge , provide skills training , transform low - skilled workers into highly skilled workers , and maximize the needs of our country ' s economic development ;
Promote the upgrading of industrial structure and guide the inflow of foreign capital into the tertiary industry ;
The corresponding policies are formulated to encourage the rational flow of workers in all regions of China to transfer workers engaged in agricultural production to non - agricultural production departments , and workers in the first and second industries are transferred to the tertiary industry to increase the income of rural workers and narrow the income gap between urban and rural residents .

The innovation of this article has the following two points :

First , research angle innovation . From the current empirical research , many literatures have been demonstrated from the whole angle of China , but the analysis of income gap of urban and rural residents in China is less . In this paper , we analyze the different impacts of FDI inflow on urban and rural income gap in 29 provinces , autonomous regions and 20 years .

Second , research approaches innovation . At present , in the literature on FDI affecting China ' s urban - rural income gap , we study the direct effect of FDI on the income gap , and the indirect effect is less . Many literatures have studied the influence of FDI on the regional income , and do not take into account other factors ( such as the influence of the extent of opening to the outside world on the income ) . This paper starts with the panel data of various provinces and municipalities in China , and studies the transmission mechanism of FDI in China ' s urban and rural residents ' income gap .

In the end , because of the limitation of length , the paper does not specify the variables in the variable space of the model , and analyses the direction of FDI to urban and rural income gap from the angle of different variables .
【學(xué)位授予單位】：東北財(cái)經(jīng)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：F224;F124.7;F832.6

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