本文選題：民工荒 + 四元經(jīng)濟(jì)��； 參考：《陜西師范大學(xué)》2013年碩士論文

【摘要】：在發(fā)展中國家現(xiàn)代化的進(jìn)程當(dāng)中,農(nóng)村剩余勞動力轉(zhuǎn)移問題是各發(fā)展中國家普遍關(guān)注的重要問題,也是發(fā)展經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)重點研究課題。西方發(fā)達(dá)國家的經(jīng)驗告訴我們,只有實現(xiàn)了剩余勞動力的有效轉(zhuǎn)移,達(dá)到農(nóng)村勞動力的非農(nóng)化,才可能最終實現(xiàn)工業(yè)化和現(xiàn)代化。所以充分認(rèn)識剩余勞動力問題合理安置剩余勞動力對我國的現(xiàn)代化進(jìn)程至關(guān)重要。改革開放以來,伴隨著我國高速城市化和工業(yè)化的還有農(nóng)村剩余勞動力大規(guī)模向城市遷移,越來越多的農(nóng)村勞動力到城市尋找就業(yè)機(jī)會。農(nóng)民工自發(fā)進(jìn)城這股“熱潮”持續(xù)了很多年,為推動我國轉(zhuǎn)軌經(jīng)濟(jì)高速發(fā)展作出了重要貢獻(xiàn),也成為我國農(nóng)村農(nóng)民脫貧致富的有效途徑和重要手段。但令人費(fèi)解的是,就在“民工潮”持續(xù)了一些年后,2004年“珠三角”開始出現(xiàn)了用工荒現(xiàn)象。之后,用工荒現(xiàn)象開始由沿海向內(nèi)地、由局部向全局、由周期性向長期性蔓延,許多城市的企業(yè)面臨招工難問題。研究表明,我國目前總的農(nóng)村勞動力供大于求的局面依然存在,但是究竟什么原因造成了我國的民工荒現(xiàn)象?如何正確看待這一現(xiàn)象的影響?弄清出這兩個問題同時提出合理有效的解決這一問題的對策建議,是本次研究的主要目的。 本文所研究的是在農(nóng)村勞動力過剩背景下的民工荒這樣一個矛盾現(xiàn)象。全文共分為7章。第1章導(dǎo)言主要是對研究的現(xiàn)實背景與理論意義、研究的目的與方法以及研究的內(nèi)容作了說明,同時對相關(guān)概念進(jìn)行了界定,其中包括四元經(jīng)濟(jì)結(jié)構(gòu)以及勞動力轉(zhuǎn)移的界定,還介紹了本文的創(chuàng)新與不足之處。 第2章是理論綜述部分,主要分三個部分做了理論綜述。第一部分主要是把勞動力流動中的經(jīng)典理論做以概述,其中包括劉易斯模型、拉尼斯—費(fèi)景漢模型、托達(dá)羅模型、唐納德.博格的勞動力流動“推--拉”理論、斯加斯塔德的成本—收益理論,第二部分介紹了國內(nèi)學(xué)者對民工荒問題產(chǎn)生原因的研究成果,第三部分介紹了國內(nèi)學(xué)者在民工荒對我國經(jīng)濟(jì)影響方面的研究成果。 第3章對我國歷史上農(nóng)村剩余勞動力和農(nóng)民工的產(chǎn)生歷程進(jìn)行了回顧。一直以來,我國農(nóng)村勞動力數(shù)量雖然巨大,但是受歷史背景、政策限制、科技落后等原因限制,勞動力一直被束縛,沒有顯性的剩余勞動力存在,直到改革開放后剩余勞動力才逐步釋放出來。城市出現(xiàn)大量就業(yè)機(jī)會后剩余勞動力開始向城市轉(zhuǎn)移,尋找新的就業(yè)機(jī)會,這樣最初的農(nóng)民工就出現(xiàn)了。 第4章從四元經(jīng)濟(jì)視角對我國民工荒問題產(chǎn)生的原因做了探究,并進(jìn)行了理論和實證分析。通過分析我國目前的四元經(jīng)濟(jì)結(jié)構(gòu),把其分為四個部門：農(nóng)村傳統(tǒng)部門、農(nóng)村企業(yè)部門、城市傳統(tǒng)部門、城市現(xiàn)代部門,并在此基礎(chǔ)上對我國當(dāng)前的民工荒問題進(jìn)行研究,得出結(jié)論：城市傳統(tǒng)部門遭遇民工荒是因為該部門提供給農(nóng)民工的凈收益明顯小于農(nóng)村企業(yè)部門和城市現(xiàn)代部門、城市現(xiàn)代部門遭遇的民工荒其實質(zhì)是技工荒。 第5章主要分析了民工荒問題對我國產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展的糾正效應(yīng)。改革開放以來,我國的人口福利對我國轉(zhuǎn)軌時期經(jīng)濟(jì)的高速增長起到了重要的推動作用,但過于依賴優(yōu)勢勞動力投入也使我國轉(zhuǎn)軌經(jīng)濟(jì)遺留了一些問題,主要體現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)業(yè)空間布局、產(chǎn)業(yè)效率低下、技術(shù)滯后等。本章分別從民工荒對產(chǎn)業(yè)升級和產(chǎn)業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)移的糾正效應(yīng)進(jìn)行了理論和實證分析。 第6章通過總結(jié)前面的分析和研究結(jié)論,對我國如何合理的應(yīng)對民工荒問題提出了相應(yīng)的政策建議。 第7章對全文所工作做了總結(jié),并對本文研究的不足之處提出了展望。
[Abstract]:In the course of the modernization of the developing countries, the transfer of rural surplus labor is an important issue of common concern for all developing countries and a key research subject in the development economics. The experience of developed countries in the West tells us that only the effective transfer of surplus labor has been realized to achieve the non agricultural production of rural labor. Finally, realizing industrialization and modernization, so it is very important to fully understand the surplus labor problem and rationally resettlement the surplus labor force. Since the reform and opening up, along with the rapid urbanization and industrialization of our country, the surplus labor force in the countryside has migrated to the city on a large scale, and more and more rural labor force has been found in the city. Employment opportunities. The "upsurge" of migrant workers' spontaneous entry to the city has lasted for many years. It has made important contributions to the rapid development of China's transition economy. It has also become an effective way and important means for rural farmers to take off poverty and become rich. But it is puzzling that the "Pearl River Delta" began in 2004 after the "Peasant Worker Tide" continued for some years. The phenomenon of labor shortage has become a phenomenon. After that, the phenomenon of labor shortage began to move from the coastal to the mainland, from the local to the global, from the cyclical to the long-term. The enterprises in many cities are facing the difficulty of recruiting workers. The research shows that the situation of the supply of rural labor is still existing in our country at present, but what causes the shortage of migrant workers in our country How to see the influence of this phenomenon correctly? To find out the two problems and put forward a reasonable and effective solution to this problem is the main purpose of this study.
This paper studies the contradiction of the shortage of migrant workers in the background of surplus rural labor. The full text is divided into 7 chapters. The first chapter is mainly about the realistic background and theoretical significance of the study, the purpose and method of the study and the content of the research, and the definition of the related concepts, including the four yuan economic structure. As well as the definition of labor transfer, it also introduces the innovations and shortcomings of this paper.
The second chapter is an overview of the theory, which is mainly divided into three parts. The first part is a summary of the classical theory of labor flow, which includes the Lewis model, the La NIS Fei Jinghan model, the Todaro model, Donald Berg's labor movement "push pull" theory, and the cost and benefit of costar. The second part introduces the research results of the domestic scholars on the causes of the shortage of migrant workers. The third part introduces the research results of domestic scholars on the economic impact of migrant workers' shortage on China.
The third chapter reviews the history of rural surplus labor and migrant workers in the history of China. Although the number of rural labor force is huge, the labor force has been restricted by the historical background, the policy restriction, the backward technology and so on. There is no dominant surplus labor force, until after the reform and opening up. The power is gradually released. After a large number of employment opportunities in the city, the surplus labor force has begun to shift to the city, looking for new employment opportunities, so that the initial migrant workers have appeared.
The fourth chapter explores the causes of the shortage of migrant workers in China from the perspective of the four yuan economy, and carries out a theoretical and empirical analysis. Through the analysis of the current four yuan economic structure in China, it is divided into four departments: the rural traditional department, the rural enterprise department, the urban traditional department, the modern city Department, and on this basis to our country The research on the shortage of migrant workers draws a conclusion that the shortage of migrant workers in the traditional urban sector is because the net income provided to the migrant workers is obviously less than that of the rural enterprises and the modern urban departments. The shortage of migrant workers in the modern urban sector is the essence of the shortage of mechanic.
The fifth chapter mainly analyzes the correction effect of the shortage of migrant workers to the industrial development of our country. Since the reform and opening up, the population welfare of our country has played an important role in promoting the rapid economic growth during the transition period of our country, but too much dependence on the advantage of labor force has also left some problems in the transition economy of our country, which is mainly reflected in the industrial space cloth. This chapter makes a theoretical and empirical analysis of the rectification effect of the shortage of migrant workers on industrial upgrading and industrial transfer.
The sixth chapter puts forward the corresponding policy recommendations on how to deal with the shortage of migrant workers in China by summarizing the previous analysis and conclusions.
The seventh chapter summarizes the work of this paper, and puts forward the prospect of this research.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：陜西師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：F249.21;F124.1

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