本文選題：貨物對外貿易 + 服務對外貿易��； 參考：《山東大學》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：改革開放30多年來,我國對外開放的范圍和深度不斷廣化和深化,對外貿易的發(fā)展取得了十分輝煌的成就。然而,我國的收入差距逐漸增大。經濟高速發(fā)展的同時,我國的居民收入差距增大的問題也日益明顯,情況十分嚴峻。在我國,城鄉(xiāng)收入差距問題尤其明顯。城鎮(zhèn)家庭平均每人可支配收入與農村居民家庭人均年純收入之間的差距也在持續(xù)擴大。較早系統地研究國際貿易與收入差距的理論是赫克歇爾和俄林提出的要素稟賦論,又稱赫克歇爾一俄林理論或H-O理論。在這個理論基礎之上,薩繆爾森和斯托爾帕一起又提出了斯托爾帕—薩繆爾森定理。對外貿易影響我國城鄉(xiāng)收入差距的途徑主要有鎮(zhèn)化機制、產業(yè)調整機制、技術進步機制、政策機制等。對外貿易會促進城鎮(zhèn)化發(fā)展,而城鎮(zhèn)化對我國城鄉(xiāng)收入差距的影響是多層次的。一方面,城鎮(zhèn)化提高了農村居民的收入水平,可能會縮小我國的城鄉(xiāng)收入差距。而另一方面,城鎮(zhèn)化可能會引起一部分富裕的農民直接轉變?yōu)槌鞘芯用窦哟笪覈某青l(xiāng)收入差距。參加國際貿易的國家其產業(yè)結構會受到對外貿易的影響。繼而引起不同產業(yè)的勞動力收入情況的變化,并影響全社會的收入差距。在我國,特別是第三產業(yè)的快速發(fā)展對于城鄉(xiāng)收入差距影響顯著。對外貿易影響貿易國技術進步的同時,先進技術的引入也給該國社會帶來就業(yè)、收入分配等多方面的影響。同樣,參加國際貿易的國家其政策會有相應變化,而這種變化也可能影響到收入差距的變化。分別選用全國的時間序列數據和省級面板數據研究對外貿易對我國城鄉(xiāng)收入差距的影響的實證分析表明無論是以貿易額還是貿易依存度來衡量,貨物進出口貿易和服務進出口貿易與我國的城鄉(xiāng)收入差距都有較為顯著正相關。這說明對外貿易的發(fā)展對我國不同城鎮(zhèn)居民和農村居民這兩類主體的收入水平有著不一樣的影響。貨物對外貿易進口與我國的城鄉(xiāng)收入差距之間存在顯著的正相關,而貨物出口貿易對我國城鄉(xiāng)收入差距的影響不顯著。再進一步的細分,初級產品進口、工業(yè)制成品進口以及工業(yè)制成品出口都與我國城鄉(xiāng)收入差距之間都有顯著正相關關系,而初級產品出口與我國城鄉(xiāng)收入差距存在顯著的負相關關系。對于東部地區(qū),貨物貿易進出口與城鄉(xiāng)收入差距有顯著正相關,而對于中部和西部地區(qū),貨物貿易進出口對城鄉(xiāng)收入差距的影響不顯著。
[Abstract]:Since the reform and opening up more than 30 years ago, the scope and depth of our country's opening to the outside world have been continuously broadened and deepened, and the development of foreign trade has made very brilliant achievements. However, China's income gap is gradually increasing. With the rapid development of economy, the problem of increasing income gap is becoming more and more obvious, and the situation is very serious. In our country, the problem of urban-rural income gap is particularly obvious. The gap between the average per capita disposable income of urban households and the average annual net income of rural households is also widening. The theory of international trade and income gap is the factor endowment theory put forward by Herkschel and Olin, also known as the Hercule-Olin theory or H-O theory. On the basis of this theory, Samuelson and Stolpa put forward the Stolpa-Samuelson theorem. The main ways for foreign trade to affect the income gap between urban and rural areas in China include the mechanism of urbanization, the mechanism of industrial adjustment, the mechanism of technological progress, the mechanism of policy, and so on. Foreign trade will promote the development of urbanization, and urbanization has a multi-level impact on the income gap between urban and rural areas in China. On the one hand, urbanization has raised the income level of rural residents and may narrow the income gap between urban and rural areas. On the other hand, urbanization may cause some rich farmers to turn directly into urban residents to widen the income gap between urban and rural areas. The industrial structure of countries participating in international trade will be affected by foreign trade. Then it causes the change of labor income in different industries and affects the income gap of the whole society. In China, especially the rapid development of the tertiary industry has a significant impact on the income gap between urban and rural areas. While foreign trade affects the technological progress of trading countries, the introduction of advanced technology also brings employment and income distribution to the society. Similarly, changes in the policies of countries participating in international trade may affect changes in income disparities. Using national time series data and provincial panel data, the empirical analysis of the impact of foreign trade on the income gap between urban and rural areas in China shows that both the trade volume and the degree of trade dependence are used to measure the impact of foreign trade on the income gap between urban and rural areas. There is a significant positive correlation between the import and export of goods and services and the income gap between urban and rural areas in China. This shows that the development of foreign trade has a different impact on the income level of different urban residents and rural residents. There is a significant positive correlation between the foreign trade import of goods and the urban-rural income gap in China, but the influence of goods export trade on the urban-rural income gap is not significant. Further further segmentation, there is a significant positive correlation between imports of primary products, imports of manufactured goods and exports of manufactured goods and the income gap between urban and rural areas in China. There is a significant negative correlation between primary product export and the income gap between urban and rural areas in China. For the eastern region, there is a significant positive correlation between the import and export of goods and the income gap between urban and rural areas, but for the central and western regions, the impact of import and export of goods trade on the income gap between urban and rural areas is not significant.
【學位授予單位】：山東大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：F752.6;F124.7

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