本文選題：貧困 + 財(cái)政扶貧政策　； 參考：《南昌大學(xué)》2013年碩士論文

【摘要】：貧困是困擾世界各國(guó)發(fā)展的全球性問(wèn)題,是發(fā)展中國(guó)家經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展面臨的最大難題,也是經(jīng)濟(jì)波動(dòng)和社會(huì)動(dòng)蕩不安的重要根源。從全球治理貧困經(jīng)驗(yàn)與實(shí)踐來(lái)看,政府主導(dǎo)的扶貧模式收益是最明顯的,而在這種形式的扶貧模式中,以財(cái)政政策為杠桿,加大資金投入是政府重要的反貧困舉措之一。 消除農(nóng)村貧困,實(shí)現(xiàn)城鄉(xiāng)協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展是我國(guó)政府的長(zhǎng)期發(fā)展目標(biāo)。在過(guò)去的數(shù)十年里,我國(guó)政府一直致力于農(nóng)村脫貧致富工作,特別是從20世紀(jì)70年代開(kāi)始,我國(guó)創(chuàng)造了多種行之有效的扶貧開(kāi)發(fā)模式,區(qū)域開(kāi)發(fā)式扶貧、攻堅(jiān)式扶貧、基本消除貧困扶貧、全面建設(shè)小康社會(huì)扶貧。圍繞不同的扶貧模式,配套不同的財(cái)政政策,為扶貧戰(zhàn)略的實(shí)現(xiàn)發(fā)揮著重要的支撐。 江西是著名的革命老區(qū),也是農(nóng)業(yè)大省,農(nóng)村貧困面廣、農(nóng)村貧困程度深,目前仍有38個(gè)縣沒(méi)有擺脫“貧困縣”的帽子。為盡快消除貧困,江西省作出了巨大的努力,開(kāi)展了以幫助群眾增收為中心的扶貧開(kāi)發(fā)戰(zhàn)略,完善扶貧政策體系,不斷提高扶貧對(duì)象和貧困地區(qū)的自我發(fā)展能力。黨的十七屆五中全會(huì)提出了加快解決貧困問(wèn)題。在這一扶貧理念的引領(lǐng)下,江西出臺(tái)了一系列文件,加大對(duì)集中連片特困地區(qū)的投入和支持力度,編制了羅霄山集中連片特殊困難地區(qū)產(chǎn)業(yè)扶貧規(guī)劃,并決定從2012年起每年3.8億元專項(xiàng)用于扶持集中連片特困地區(qū)擺脫貧困。 本文通過(guò)對(duì)江西以往實(shí)施的財(cái)政扶貧政策進(jìn)行回顧,從扶貧戰(zhàn)略及理念的提出、扶貧政策的設(shè)置、扶貧資金的使用、實(shí)施的綜合績(jī)效等方面闡述和分析財(cái)政扶貧政策實(shí)施過(guò)程中取得的成就和存在的問(wèn)題,準(zhǔn)確掌握貧困發(fā)生規(guī)律,針對(duì)問(wèn)題提出了完善財(cái)政扶貧政策的建議,提高扶貧工作效率。 本文大致可分為五個(gè)部分： 第一部分：介紹研究的背景、意義、國(guó)內(nèi)外研究現(xiàn)狀、本文研究的思路方法、研究范圍界定、創(chuàng)新點(diǎn)、難點(diǎn)和不足之處。 第二部分：闡述貧困的概念、貧困線的設(shè)定、公共財(cái)政理論、政府績(jī)效等相關(guān)概念,國(guó)外政府扶貧的經(jīng)驗(yàn)教訓(xùn),并以此作為本文的理論基礎(chǔ)。 第三部分：回顧江西扶貧模式的演變,分析江西財(cái)政扶貧政策的現(xiàn)狀和存在的問(wèn)題,通過(guò)對(duì)財(cái)政扶貧政策的綜合績(jī)效以及與農(nóng)民期望需求進(jìn)行對(duì)比分析,得出江西財(cái)政扶貧政策的得與失。 第四部分：通過(guò)對(duì)江西財(cái)政扶貧模式及政策的思考,探索如何面對(duì)新時(shí)期新的貧困問(wèn)題,提出完善財(cái)政扶貧政策的建議。 第五部分：結(jié)論和展望部分,對(duì)本文的研究成果進(jìn)行回顧,指出本文的不足,提出下一步研究方向。
[Abstract]:Poverty is a global problem plagued the development of all countries in the world, is the biggest problem facing the economic development of developing countries, but also an important source of economic fluctuation and social governance. The turbulent poverty experience and practice from a global perspective, income poverty alleviation mode dominated by the government is the most obvious, and in the form of poverty alleviation mode, with fiscal policy as a lever increase capital investment is an important measure of government anti poverty.
The elimination of rural poverty, realize the coordinated development of urban and rural development is a long-term goal of our government. In the past few years, our government has been committed to rural poverty alleviation work, especially from the beginning of 1970s, China has created a variety of effective model of poverty alleviation and development, regional development and poverty alleviation, tackling poverty alleviation, basically eliminate poverty poverty, poverty alleviation and comprehensive construction of a well-off society. Around the different mode of poverty alleviation, supporting different fiscal policies play an important support for the poverty reduction strategy.
Jiangxi is a famous old revolutionary base areas, but also a major agricultural province, rural poverty, rural poverty is still not deep, there are 38 counties out of poor counties hat. As soon as possible to eliminate poverty, Jiangxi province made great efforts to help the masses to carry out poverty alleviation and development strategy as the center, perfect the poverty alleviation policy system, and constantly improve the self-development ability of poverty and poverty. The party's the fifth Plenary Session of the 17th CPC Central Committee proposed to solve the problem of poverty. Poverty alleviation in this concept under the guidance of Jiangxi issued a series of documents, in poor areas contiguous to increase investment and support of the preparation of luoxiaoshan concentrated special difficult areas industrial poverty alleviation planning, and decided each year from 2012 380 million yuan earmarked for support of the concentrated destitute areas get rid of poverty.
The article reviews the implementation of Jiangxi in the past fiscal poverty alleviation policy, put forward from the concept and strategy for poverty alleviation, poverty alleviation policy settings, poverty alleviation funds, the implementation of the comprehensive performance aspects and analysis of financial poverty alleviation policy implementation process of the achievements and problems, accurately grasp the regularity of poverty problem improve the fiscal poverty alleviation policy recommendations to improve the poverty alleviation work efficiency.
This paper can be roughly divided into five parts:
The first part is to introduce the background, significance, research status at home and abroad, the way of thinking in this paper, the definition of the scope of the research, the point of innovation, difficulties and shortcomings.
The second part: the concept of poverty, the establishment of poverty line, the theory of public finance, government performance and other related concepts, and the lessons learned from foreign governments' poverty alleviation, and take it as the theoretical basis of this article.
The third part: review the evolution of the poverty alleviation model in Jiangxi, analyze the current situation and existing problems of Jiangxi's fiscal poverty alleviation policy. Through the comparative analysis of the comprehensive performance of the financial poverty alleviation policy and the expectation demand of the farmers, we can get the gains and losses of Jiangxi's fiscal poverty alleviation policy.
The fourth part: through the thinking of Jiangxi's financial poverty alleviation mode and policy, it explores how to face the new poverty problem in the new era, and puts forward some suggestions for improving the policy of helping the poor financially.
The fifth part: the conclusion and the prospect part, review the research results of this article, point out the shortage of this article, and put forward the next research direction.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：南昌大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：F812.0;F126

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