本文選題：勞動收入份額　切入點：收入分配　出處：《陜西師范大學(xué)》2013年碩士論文

【摘要】：自1978年以來,我國經(jīng)濟(jì)體制正在經(jīng)歷由計劃經(jīng)濟(jì)體制向市場經(jīng)濟(jì)體制的轉(zhuǎn)變,這不僅解放了生產(chǎn)力,還極大的促進(jìn)了社會的進(jìn)步與發(fā)展。我國收入分配制度也隨之進(jìn)行了多次重大改革,逐步建立起以按勞分配為主,多種分配方式并存的收入分配制度。近年來,針對居民收入差距拉大的問題,政府重點從國民收入再分配方面進(jìn)行努力,多措并舉(主要包括轉(zhuǎn)移支付、稅收、補(bǔ)貼等手段),但是收入差距擴(kuò)大的趨勢不但沒有得到有效控制,而且愈演愈烈。筆者以為要縮小貧富差距,提高居民勞動收入份額在初次分配中的比重是問題的突破口。因此本文從功能收入分配的角度首先探討了影響勞動收入份額的因素,然后分析勞動收入份額對收入分配差距的影響作用,以期找出影響我國收入分配格局的深層原因,為縮小貧富差距提供有益參考。 文章首先將我國劃分為東、中、西部三個地區(qū),運(yùn)用同時引入勞動增加型技術(shù)進(jìn)步和資本增加型技術(shù)進(jìn)步的索洛增長模型分析了影響勞動收入份額的因素,即：教育支出增長率、技術(shù)資金投入增長率、固定資本投入增長率、勞動力增長率和經(jīng)濟(jì)增長率。它們對不同經(jīng)濟(jì)體有不同的影響,具體來看：1對于東部地區(qū),應(yīng)通過平衡資本增加型技術(shù)進(jìn)步和勞動增加型技術(shù)進(jìn)步的資金投入的增長速度,大力增加教育支出來提高勞動收入份額：2中西部地區(qū)要想提高勞動收入份額必須要同時增加教育支出和資本增加型技術(shù)進(jìn)步的資金投入。在此基礎(chǔ)上,本文進(jìn)一步探討了勞動收入份額減小與收入差距拉大之間的影響機(jī)理,以1999～2009年我國基尼系數(shù)為被解釋變量,以東、中、西部各地區(qū)教育支出增長率、勞動力增長率、科學(xué)技術(shù)資金投入增長率、固定資本投入增長率和經(jīng)濟(jì)增長率為解釋變量,采用面板數(shù)據(jù)的固定效應(yīng)模型分析了勞動收入份額與收入分配差距的影響關(guān)系。 實證結(jié)果表明：提高勞動收入份額有利于縮小我國居民收入差距,降低勞動收入份額,則居民收入差距將進(jìn)一步拉大。具體表現(xiàn)在：1提高教育支出的增長率有利于降低基尼系數(shù)；2加固定資本投資增長率和提高經(jīng)濟(jì)增長率會使基尼系數(shù)增大；3科學(xué)技術(shù)資金投入增長率與勞動力增長率的變化對基尼系數(shù)的變化影響暫不明顯。 在此基礎(chǔ)上,文章提出提高教育支出增長率可以提高各地區(qū)的勞動收入份額,從而降低基尼系數(shù)。對于東部地區(qū),應(yīng)該避免過快的經(jīng)濟(jì)增長速度和固定資本投資；對于西部地區(qū),要大力促進(jìn)資本增加型技術(shù)進(jìn)步的資金投入,同時也要控制好經(jīng)濟(jì)增長速度。
[Abstract]:Since 1978, China's economic system is undergoing a transition from the planned economy to the market economy, which not only liberates the productive forces, but also greatly promotes the progress and development of the society.The income distribution system in China has been reformed for many times, and a distribution system based on distribution according to work and coexistence of multiple distribution methods has been gradually established.In recent years, in response to the widening income gap among residents, the government has focused its efforts on redistribution of national income.Subsidies and other means, but the widening trend of income gap not only has not been effectively controlled, but also intensified.The author thinks that to narrow the gap between the rich and the poor and to increase the proportion of resident labor income in the initial distribution is the breakthrough.Therefore, from the perspective of functional income distribution, this paper first discusses the factors that affect labor income share, and then analyzes the effect of labor income share on income distribution gap, in order to find out the deep reasons that affect the pattern of income distribution in China.To narrow the gap between rich and poor to provide useful reference.In this paper, we divide our country into three regions, east, middle and west, and analyze the factors that affect the share of labor income by using the Solow growth model, which introduces both labor increasing technology progress and capital increasing technology progress.That is, the growth rate of education expenditure, technical capital investment, fixed capital investment, labor force growth rate and economic growth rate.They have different effects on different economies. Specifically, for the eastern region, the growth rate of capital investment should be balanced between capital-increasing technological progress and labor-enhancing technological progress.To increase the labor income share in the Midwestern region, to increase the labor income share, it is necessary to increase both the education expenditure and the capital increasing capital investment in the technological progress.On this basis, this paper further discusses the influence mechanism between the decrease of labor income share and the widening of income gap. Taking the Gini coefficient of China from 1999 to 2009 as the explanatory variable, the growth rate of educational expenditure in the east, middle and west regions is discussed.The growth rate of labor force, the rate of investment in science and technology, the growth rate of fixed capital input and the rate of economic growth are the explanatory variables. The fixed effect model of panel data is used to analyze the relationship between labor income share and income distribution gap.The empirical results show that increasing the share of labor income is conducive to narrowing the income gap and reducing the share of labor income, then the income gap will be further widened.Specifically, increasing the growth rate of education expenditure by 1: 1 will help to reduce the growth rate of Gini coefficient plus fixed capital investment and increase the economic growth rate, which will increase the Gini coefficient and increase the growth rate of investment in science and technology and the growth of labor force.The effect of the change of the rate on the Gini coefficient is not obvious for the time being.On this basis, the paper puts forward that increasing the growth rate of education expenditure can increase the share of labor income in all regions and thus reduce the Gini coefficient.For the eastern region, we should avoid the excessive economic growth rate and fixed capital investment, and for the western region, we should vigorously promote the capital investment of capital increasing technology progress and control the economic growth rate at the same time.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：陜西師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：F124.7

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