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  本文選題：收入分配　切入點：工資　出處：《東北財經(jīng)大學(xué)》2013年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：收入分配是一個古老的經(jīng)濟學(xué)話題,收入分配理論也是經(jīng)濟學(xué)界一個十分重要的組成部分,目前該領(lǐng)域的理論研究有很多。在現(xiàn)實經(jīng)濟社會發(fā)展中,收入分配也日益成為人類所普遍關(guān)注的一個社會問題。政府對此更加關(guān)注和重視,面對越來越大的收入差距現(xiàn)象,政府正在積極努力進行收入分配制度改革,希望通過改革來規(guī)范收入分配制度,朝著更加符合國情的收入分配體制前進。在改革的過程當(dāng)中,能夠不斷加深對收入分配不公原因的認(rèn)識,從而提出更加符合現(xiàn)實問題的政策和建議。 本文通過回顧分析西方經(jīng)濟學(xué)界著名的收入分配理論和尋租理論,描述中國收入分配現(xiàn)狀,最后結(jié)合經(jīng)濟學(xué)理論總結(jié)出造成我國收入分配一系列問題的原因,并對此提出相應(yīng)的對策和建議,對我國未來收入分配制度改革有重要的借鑒意義和參考價值。 回顧分析研究古典時期、新古典時期、新劍橋?qū)W派的收入分配理論以及公共選擇學(xué)派和國際貿(mào)易學(xué)派的尋租理論有著重要的理論和現(xiàn)實意義。理論意義是：由于這些著名的收入分配理論都是經(jīng)過對各國長期實際資料考察而總結(jié)出的,因而對分析研究收入分配問題有重要的參考價值；現(xiàn)實意義是對于我國改革收入分配制度,妥善處理好現(xiàn)代化時期收入分配難題,提出相應(yīng)對策有重要的啟示和借鑒意義。 本文采用了理論分析與現(xiàn)實描述相結(jié)合,動態(tài)分析與靜態(tài)分析相結(jié)合的研究方法,重點回顧了古典、新古典以及新劍橋?qū)W派的收入分配理論,并描述了我國收入分配現(xiàn)狀,分析了造成收入分配問題的原因,并提出了解決收入分配問題的相應(yīng)對策。 回顧分析古典時期、新古典時期以及新劍橋?qū)W派的收入分配理論可以得出,古典經(jīng)濟學(xué)家研究的是以市場為基礎(chǔ)的收入分配理論,側(cè)重于農(nóng)業(yè)部門,討論的主要是勞動、資本和土地三要素之間的收入分配理論。以大衛(wèi)·李嘉圖的要素收入分配理論為代表,其收入分配理論的核心部分是研究剩余價值產(chǎn)生及分割問題,他認(rèn)為工資和利潤都是勞動者所創(chuàng)造價值的一部分,并指出工資、利潤和地租三者之間存在此消彼長的關(guān)系。新古典收入分配理論繼承和發(fā)展了古典收入分配理論,相同之處在于新古典建立的也是以市場為基礎(chǔ)的收入分配理論,側(cè)重點在于研究的主要是完全競爭條件下如何按照生產(chǎn)要素的邊際貢獻分配收入。以馬歇爾收入分配理論為代表,其收入分配理論的核心在于提出了均衡價格分配理論,認(rèn)為要素單方面的供給和需求都不能決定要素價格,只有將供給和需求結(jié)合在一起并達(dá)到均衡狀態(tài)時才能得出要素價格,該理論已經(jīng)成為西方收入分配理論的主導(dǎo),是當(dāng)代收入分配理論的主要來源,并成為當(dāng)代經(jīng)濟學(xué)教材上的基本生產(chǎn)要素收入分配理論。馬歇爾認(rèn)為,只要市場處于理想的完全競爭狀態(tài)下即讓市場自由發(fā)展,就一定存在要素供求的均衡狀態(tài),因而可以得出要素均衡價格,因此要素收入分配一定會達(dá)到一種公平合理狀態(tài)。實際上,在現(xiàn)實發(fā)展中,市場不能充分自由發(fā)展,部分的政府干預(yù)會影響自由之手的發(fā)揮,因而所謂的均衡價格收入分配理論只是一種理想狀態(tài)。新劍橋?qū)W派歷來以重視收入分配理論而著稱,主要是圍繞收入分配理論建立的經(jīng)濟理論。新劍橋?qū)W派從一個嶄新的角度研究了收入分配理論,圍繞著收入分配和經(jīng)濟增長的關(guān)系展開論述,得出收入分配同經(jīng)濟增長之間存在微妙的動態(tài)關(guān)系,具有相互作用。公共選擇學(xué)派和國際貿(mào)易學(xué)派的尋租理論為我國未來研究分析并處理既得利益集團問題提供了重要的參考價值和借鑒意義。 當(dāng)前在我國,收入分配存在較大的不公平性,收入差距越來越大,表現(xiàn)在居民收入在國民收入中的比重逐漸下滑,地區(qū)收入差距、行業(yè)收入差距越來越明顯,造成貧富兩極分化現(xiàn)象嚴(yán)重。針對現(xiàn)階段出現(xiàn)的種種收入分配問題,我國政府依據(jù)公平效率的基本原則在不斷推進收入分配制度改革。 筆者認(rèn)為,通過分析目前我國收入分配現(xiàn)狀可知,當(dāng)前我國收入分配差距問題已經(jīng)十分嚴(yán)重,全國居民基尼系數(shù)在1999年就已經(jīng)接近國際警戒線0.45,意味著現(xiàn)階段收入分配不公平現(xiàn)象更加明顯。當(dāng)然,造成此方面的原因有很多,包括收入分配體制陳舊、壟斷行業(yè)收入過高、腐敗現(xiàn)象惡劣等等。隨著收入分配制度改革的不斷推進,我國收入分配難題也會相應(yīng)解決,但是始終要堅持以合適的公平效率觀作為基本指導(dǎo)原則。
[Abstract]:Income distribution is an old topic in economics, a very important part of the income distribution theory and economics, there are a lot of theoretical research in this field. In the real economic and social development, income distribution has become a common concern of human agency problems. The government pay more attention to the face. The increasing income gap, the government is actively working to reform the income distribution system, hope that through reform to regulate the income distribution system, towards an income distribution system more in line with the national conditions. In the process of the reform, to continue to deepen the understanding of the unfair income distribution, so as to put forward more realistic problems of policy and suggestions.
This paper reviews the analysis of western economics famous income distribution theory and the theory of rent-seeking, describe the status quo of Chinese income distribution, finally summed up the causes of economic theory and a series of problems of income distribution in our country, and put forward corresponding countermeasures and suggestions on China's future reform of the income distribution system has important significance and reference value.
A retrospective study on the classical period, new classical period, has important theoretical and practical significance of the new Cambridge school's theory of income distribution and public choice school and international trade school. The theory of rent-seeking theoretical significance is: because of the famous theory of income distribution is through long-term practical inspection in states are summarized, and the important reference value to study the income distribution; the realistic significance for the reform of the income distribution system of our country, properly handle the problem of income distribution in the period of modernization, put forward the corresponding countermeasures have important enlightenment and reference significance.
This paper uses theoretical analysis and realistic description of the combination, dynamic analysis and static analysis combining, reviews the classical, new classical and new Cambridge school's theory of income distribution, and describes the current situation of China's income distribution, analyzes the causes of the income distribution problems, and puts forward corresponding countermeasures to solve the problem the distribution of income.
Retrospective analysis of the classical period, new classical period and the new Cambridge school, the theory of income distribution can be obtained, the classical economists is the study of income distribution theory based on market, focusing on the agricultural sector, is mainly to discuss the theory of income distribution between labor, capital and land. The three elements of the elements of the income distribution theory of David Ricardo as a representative, the core part of the income distribution theory of surplus value is generated and the segmentation problem, he believes that wages and profits are part of the value created by the workers, and pointed out that there is a trade-off between wages, profits and rents three. The new classical income distribution theory inherited and developed the classical income distribution theory, the same lies in the new classical establishment is based on the market's income distribution theory, focusing on researching the condition of complete competition such as Where in accordance with the marginal contribution of income distribution of production factors. The income distribution theory represented by Marshall, the theory of income distribution is the core of the proposed equilibrium price distribution theory, supply and demand factors that are not determinants of unilateral price, only the supply and demand together and reach an equilibrium state in order to obtain the elements price. The theory has become the dominant western income distribution theory, is the main source of the modern theory of income distribution, and become the contemporary economics textbook of the basic production factor distribution theory. Marshall believes that as long as the market is the ideal state of perfect competition that is a free market, there must be equilibrium of supply and demand factors, thus we can get the elements of the equilibrium price, so the factors of income distribution will reach a fair and reasonable state. In fact, in real development, The market is not fully free development, part of government intervention will affect the free hands to play, so the so-called equilibrium theory of income distribution is an ideal state. The new Cambridge school always attaches importance to the theory of income distribution is known, is mainly about the income distribution theory of economic theory. The establishment of the new Cambridge school on the theory of income distribution from a new perspective, around the relationship between income distribution and economic growth are discussed, that there is a dynamic relationship between subtle income distribution and economic growth, with the interaction. The public choice school and international trade school of rent-seeking theory for China's future research of analyzing and dealing with the issue of vested interest groups provide important reference value and reference.
At present, the greater the unfairness of income distribution, the income gap is growing, in the proportion of household income in national income gradually decline, the regional income gap, the income gap between the industry is more and more obvious, causing serious polarization between rich and poor. In view of all sorts of income distribution at this stage, based on the basic principles of justice the efficiency of our government in advancing the reform of the income distribution system.
The author thinks that, through the analysis of the current income distribution in our country present situation shows that China's current income distribution gap has been very serious, the residents of the Gene coefficient in 1999 has been close to 0.45 of the international warning line, means that at this stage the inequitable distribution of income is more obvious. However, there are many reasons for this, including income distribution old system, high income monopoly industries, corruption and so on. With the reform of the income distribution system to promote China's income distribution problems will be solved, but always adhere to appropriate fairness and efficiency perspective as a basic guiding principle.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：東北財經(jīng)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：F124.7

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