本文選題：外向型經(jīng)濟　切入點：后危機時期　出處：《吉林大學》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：后金融危機時期，全球經(jīng)濟復蘇乏力，美國金融危機和歐洲主權債務危機的影響持續(xù)滲透，外部經(jīng)濟環(huán)境不容樂觀。歐債危機導致國際市場需求不振，全球貿(mào)易與貿(mào)易增速銳減，各國貿(mào)易競爭呈現(xiàn)加劇之勢，紛紛出臺貿(mào)易保護政策，發(fā)達經(jīng)濟體增長長期陷入停滯狀態(tài)。受發(fā)達國家經(jīng)濟蕭條的影響，我國經(jīng)濟增速出現(xiàn)回落，經(jīng)濟下行壓力增大。穩(wěn)定經(jīng)濟增長是當前我國經(jīng)濟工作中的首要任務，發(fā)展外向型經(jīng)濟已經(jīng)成為轉(zhuǎn)變經(jīng)濟增長方式的突破口。 多年來，長春市在中央和地方政府相關政策引導下，結合本市經(jīng)濟特點和區(qū)域產(chǎn)業(yè)優(yōu)勢，推動外向型經(jīng)濟發(fā)展取得了積極進展。我市招商引資成效顯著,利用外資規(guī)模不斷擴大，投資結構和投資方式不斷優(yōu)化，口岸建設不斷加強，對外開放水平進一步提升，對外貿(mào)易狀況發(fā)生了顯著的改變，特別是在進出口規(guī)模、開拓新興市場力度、出口產(chǎn)品結構優(yōu)化升級方面都呈現(xiàn)出良好發(fā)展的態(tài)勢。但是在發(fā)展水平、投資環(huán)境、經(jīng)營模式、出口結構和經(jīng)貿(mào)企業(yè)核心競爭力等方面與先進城市存在著較大差距。 目前，全球經(jīng)濟環(huán)境依然復雜多變，我市外向型經(jīng)濟發(fā)展面臨著諸多的機遇和挑戰(zhàn)。外向型經(jīng)濟發(fā)展存在的問題日益凸顯，，主要表現(xiàn)為：實際利用內(nèi)外資水平相對較低、外貿(mào)出口規(guī)模小、出口結構不合理、企業(yè)信心不足、對境外市場開拓力度不夠、地區(qū)間惡性競爭日益激烈、項目落位有隨意性傾向。自然地理區(qū)位不具備優(yōu)勢、經(jīng)貿(mào)企業(yè)自身素質(zhì)低、招商引資人文環(huán)境差、運作模式理念滯后、政府對企業(yè)扶持力度不夠是制約長春市外向型經(jīng)濟發(fā)展的重要原因。 沈陽、大連、寧波以及杭州等地區(qū)外向型經(jīng)濟發(fā)展水平較高，筆者基于對先進城市發(fā)展外向型經(jīng)濟的經(jīng)驗借鑒和對長春市外向型經(jīng)濟發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀、存在的問題及原因的分析，提出以下幾點建議：第一，要增強利用外資的戰(zhàn)略效應。優(yōu)化外資產(chǎn)業(yè)結構，進一步擴大外資的溢出效應，并鼓勵加工貿(mào)易轉(zhuǎn)型升級，還要推進中小企業(yè)加快發(fā)展。第二，要努力培育國際競爭新優(yōu)勢。加快推進企業(yè)戰(zhàn)略型調(diào)整，鼓勵企業(yè)加強質(zhì)量和標準化建設，支持企業(yè)加大技術改造和產(chǎn)品創(chuàng)新，提高產(chǎn)品的國際競爭力。第三，提升對外貿(mào)易比較優(yōu)勢。一方面，加強和改善進口商品調(diào)控，充分優(yōu)化進口結構。另一方面，努力提高企業(yè)自身核心技術水平，全面提高出口產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量和附加值，加大出口結構調(diào)整。第四，調(diào)整優(yōu)化外向型經(jīng)濟結構。進一步培育壯大外貿(mào)經(jīng)營主體，繼續(xù)鼓勵高新技術產(chǎn)品出口，把資源優(yōu)勢轉(zhuǎn)化為經(jīng)濟優(yōu)勢，擴大農(nóng)副產(chǎn)品出口規(guī)模，與此同時，大力發(fā)展服務貿(mào)易和邊境貿(mào)易。第五，進一步拓寬招商領域。實施落實“大項目帶動”戰(zhàn)略，以此帶動長春市對外貿(mào)易企業(yè)的發(fā)展和完善。并發(fā)揮自身的產(chǎn)業(yè)優(yōu)勢，有效利用資本市場吸引戰(zhàn)略性投資者。同時,引導外資向農(nóng)業(yè)投入，還要加大面向東北亞的引資力度。第六，要大力提升“走出去”戰(zhàn)略地位。加快培育跨國公司，大力發(fā)展對外承包工程和勞務合作，鼓勵企業(yè)深度挖掘自身優(yōu)勢，同時支持中小企業(yè)開拓國際市場。
[Abstract]:After the financial crisis, the global economic recovery is weak, the U. S. financial crisis and the European sovereign debt crisis continues to permeate, the external economic environment is not optimistic. The debt crisis led to the international market demand, Global trade and trade growth rate dropped, trade competitive countries are intensifying, have introduced the trade protection policy in developed economies growth stalled long. Countries affected by the recession, China's economic growth rate to fall, increasing downward pressure on the economy. The stable growth of economy is a top priority in economic work of our country current affairs, the development of export-oriented economy has become a breakthrough in the transformation of economic growth mode.
Over the years, Changchun city in the central and local government policy guidance, combined with the economic characteristics and regional industrial advantages, promote the development of export-oriented economy has made positive progress. The effectiveness of a significant investment, utilization of foreign capital continues to expand the scale and the structure of investment optimize, port construction has been continuously strengthened, the level of opening up further, the occurrence of a significant change in foreign trade, especially in the import and export scale, develop new market dynamics, export product structure optimization and upgrading are showing a good development trend. But in the development level, investment environment, business model, export structure and trade and other aspects of the core competitiveness of enterprises and advanced city exists the gap.
At present, the global economic environment remains complex, the development of export-oriented economy in our city is facing many challenges and opportunities. The development of export-oriented economy is becoming increasingly prominent, the main performance is: the actual use of foreign capital to a relatively low level, small scale foreign trade export, the export structure is unreasonable, lack of business confidence, for overseas market develop enough, regional competition is becoming increasingly fierce, the project a random orientation. The natural geographic location does not have the advantage, trade enterprises own quality is low, the investment environment is poor, backward mode of operation concept, the government not to support efforts of the enterprise is an important factor that restricts the development of export-oriented economy Changchun city.
Shenyang, Dalian, a high level of export-oriented economic development in Ningbo and Hangzhou and other regions, the development of export-oriented economy based on the experience of the advanced city and the status quo of the development of export-oriented economy Changchun City, analyzes the existing problems and the reasons, put forward the following suggestions: first, to enhance the strategic effect of using foreign capital optimization. Foreign industrial structure, to further expand the spillover effect, and encourage the transformation and upgrading of processing trade, but also to promote the development of medium and small enterprises. Second, efforts should be made to cultivate new advantages in international competition. To accelerate the strategic adjustment of enterprises, encourage enterprises to strengthen quality and standardization construction, support enterprises to increase technological innovation and product innovation, improve the international competitiveness of products. Third, improve foreign trade comparative advantage. On the one hand, to strengthen and improve the regulation of imported goods, optimize the import structure. On the other hand, efforts to improve The level of their own core technology, and comprehensively improve the quality of export products and increase the added value, adjust the export structure. Fourth, adjust and optimize the structure of export-oriented economy. Further fostering the growth of foreign trade entities, continue to encourage the export of high-tech products, the resource advantages into economic advantages, expand the scale of export of agricultural and sideline products, at the same time, the development of service trade and the border trade. Fifth, further broaden the investment fields. The implementation of the implementation of "project driven" strategy, in order to promote and improve the development of foreign trade enterprises. Changchun city and play its industrial advantages, the effective use of capital market to attract strategic investors. At the same time, to guide foreign investment in agriculture, but also increase the degree of investment for Northeast Asia. Sixth, we should vigorously promote the strategy of "going out" position. Accelerating the development of multinational companies, vigorously develop foreign contracted projects and labor service cooperation To encourage enterprises to dig their own advantages in depth, and support small and medium-sized enterprises to open up the international market.

【學位授予單位】：吉林大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：F127

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