本文選題：居民消費　切入點：財政支出　出處：《東北財經(jīng)大學》2013年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：消費、投資和出口是推動經(jīng)濟發(fā)展的三大動力。從我國的出口情況看,2008年金融危機后世界各國經(jīng)濟出現(xiàn)不同程度的衰退,我國的出口貿(mào)易也受到沉重打擊。目前全球經(jīng)濟處于危機后的調整期,經(jīng)濟逐漸轉暖和經(jīng)濟下行壓力同時存在,世界形勢依舊錯綜復雜,歐洲主權債務危機很可能進一步惡化,美國面對著退出QE的困境和財政懸崖問題,出口很難再成為促進我國經(jīng)濟發(fā)展的主要支柱。 就我國國內(nèi)經(jīng)濟情況而言,以往“重投資輕消費”的發(fā)展模式很難繼續(xù),過分追求高投資的后果已逐漸顯現(xiàn),同時消費不足的問題也困擾著我國經(jīng)濟的前進。我國正處在重要戰(zhàn)略發(fā)展機遇期,面臨著經(jīng)濟轉型的重要機遇和重大挑戰(zhàn),要保持經(jīng)濟總體穩(wěn)健發(fā)展,又要轉變經(jīng)濟發(fā)展方式,深化社會改革,這些都問題都需要擴大內(nèi)需來實現(xiàn)。擴大內(nèi)需的重點在于開拓我國國內(nèi)居民的消費需求,發(fā)展國內(nèi)消費市場。而當前我國的國內(nèi)需求和居民消費存在諸多問題,國內(nèi)消費市場需求不足,居民消費率持續(xù)偏低,尤其是在城鄉(xiāng)二元經(jīng)濟的結構下農(nóng)村居民的消費嚴重低于城鎮(zhèn)居民,居民消費的增速明顯滯后于經(jīng)濟發(fā)展的增速,與我國的經(jīng)濟發(fā)展嚴重不符,這些都是我國經(jīng)濟轉型必須突破的關口。所以在這個經(jīng)濟社會轉型的關鍵時期,研究財政政策如何影響居民消費尤為重要。 無論從理論上看還是從實踐上來看,財政支出能夠對居民消費產(chǎn)生影響。就我國消費率偏低儲蓄率偏高的經(jīng)濟現(xiàn)狀而言,如何有效地利用財政支出政策工具來引導居民消費、拉動經(jīng)濟增長,這一系列的問題本文研究的重點。我國財政對社會保障、醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生、教育、住房和價格補貼的支出規(guī)模有限,問題頗多,這嚴重制約了我國城鄉(xiāng)居民的消費預期。要想從根本上帶動居民消費,擴大內(nèi)需,就必須完善財政對上述方面的支出,減少居民對未來生活的后顧之憂。 本文主要通過對財政支出與居民消費的理論研究,探討財政支出項目對居民消費的作用機制,然后依據(jù)現(xiàn)有的資料數(shù)據(jù)分析居民消費和財政支出的現(xiàn)狀,進而建立計量模型測算不同的財政支出項目對居民消費的作用程度,最后在借鑒國外經(jīng)驗的基礎上提出對我國財政支出政策的完善方案,從而引導我國城鄉(xiāng)居民消費良性提高。 本文的主旨是研究財政支出對居民消費的影響機制,全文共分為五個部分,主要內(nèi)容和結構安排如下： 第一部分是引言。主要內(nèi)容包括本文選題的經(jīng)濟背景和研究意義、國內(nèi)外的研究概述以及本文的創(chuàng)新點和不足。 第二部分是財政支出影響居民消費的機理分析。從消費需求與財政政策的理論入手,分析各類消費經(jīng)典理論中影響居民消費的因素。接下來比較西方經(jīng)濟學各個學派中財政支出對居民消費的作用原理和機制,探討不同的財政支出對居民消費的不同效應。 第三部分是居民消費和財政支出的現(xiàn)實考察。深入論述我國居民消費需求的現(xiàn)狀和消費需求不足的原因,分析現(xiàn)階段我國與居民消費相關的財政支出存在的主要問題。之后運用實證分析的方法,對我國各類財政支出項目與居民消費之間的關系進行計量模型研究,最后計算出相關結論。 第四部分是樣本國家引導居民消費的財政支出政策與借鑒。在參考和借鑒樣本國家引導居民消費的財政支出政策的基礎上,結合我國的實際情況,總結國外擴大居民消費的財政支出政策的優(yōu)點,得出對我國擴大居民消費的財政支出政策的啟示。 最后一部分是提出引導我國居民消費的財政支出政策建議。根據(jù)前文財政支出問題的分析,提出具有針對性的引導我國居民消費的財政支出政策建議。
[Abstract]:Consumption, investment and export are the three major driving force to promote economic development. From the export situation of China after the 2008 financial crisis, the world economy have different degrees of decline, China's export trade has also been a heavy blow. At present, the global economy is in a period of adjustment after the crisis, the economy gradually warming and downtown pressure on the economy at the same time there, the world situation is still perplexing, the European sovereign debt crisis is likely to worsen, the United States faced the plight of withdraw QE and the fiscal cliff, export is very difficult to become a major pillar of promoting economic development in China.
China's domestic economic situation, the development mode of "heavy investment in light of consumption is difficult to continue, the consequences of excessive pursuit of high investment has gradually emerged, and the problem of inadequate consumption also affects China's economic progress. China is in the important period of strategic opportunities for development, facing an important opportunity for economic transformation and major challenges, to maintain the healthy development of the economy in general, but also change the mode of economic development, deepening social reform, we need to expand domestic demand. The focus of expanding domestic demand lies in developing China's domestic consumption demand, the development of the domestic consumer market. But there are many problems in current China's domestic demand and consumption. The insufficient demand of domestic consumer market, the consumption rate remained low, especially in the structure of two yuan in urban economy under the consumption of rural residents is significantly lower than that of urban residents, residents' consumption growth Obviously lagging behind the growth rate of economic growth, which is seriously inconsistent with China's economic development, these are the barriers that China's economic transformation must break through. Therefore, in the critical period of economic and social transformation, it is particularly important to study how fiscal policy affects household consumption.
Whether in theory or from the practical point of view, fiscal expenditure can affect the residents' consumption. In terms of consumption rate in our country economic situation low high savings rate, how to effectively use fiscal spending policy tools to guide the consumer, stimulating economic growth, this paper focuses on the problem of this series of China's fiscal. On social security, health, education, housing and price subsidies expenditure scale is limited, there are many problems, which seriously restrict the urban and rural residents in China. Expected to fundamentally promote consumption, expanding domestic demand, we must improve the financial aspects of these expenditures, reduce the residents of the menace from the rear of life in the future.
This paper mainly through the theoretical research on financial expenditure and consumption, and to explore the mechanism of consumer spending projects, and status quo analysis of residents' consumption and expenditure based on existing data, thereby establishing econometric models to identify different expenditure items influence on household consumption, finally put forward a sound proposal for fiscal expenditure China's policy on the basis of foreign experience, so as to guide the consumption of urban and rural residents to improve the benign.
The main purpose of this paper is to study the influence mechanism of fiscal expenditure on the consumption of residents. The full text is divided into five parts, the main content and the structure are as follows:
The first part is the introduction. The main contents include the economic background and research significance of this topic, the overview of the research at home and abroad, and the innovation and deficiency of this article.
The second part is the analysis of the mechanism of consumer expenditure. Starting from consumer demand and fiscal policy theory, analysis of factors affecting consumer consumption in all kinds of classical theory. Then compare effect of fiscal expenditure in the various schools of western economics on the consumption principle and mechanism, to explore the different effects of different fiscal expenditure on household consumption.
The third part is the practical investigation of residents' consumption and expenditure. Discusses the causes of insufficient consumer demand and the status of China's consumer demand, analysis of the main problems at the present stage of China's fiscal expenditure associated with the consumption. After using the method of empirical analysis, econometric model research on the relationship between China's financial expenditure the project and the consumption of the residents, and finally calculate the related conclusion.
The fourth part is the fiscal expenditure policy in the sample countries to guide consumer and reference. Based on the reference of fiscal expenditure policy to guide the consumer of the sample countries, combined with China's actual situation, the advantages of fiscal expenditure policy to expand consumption abroad, draw inspiration to the fiscal expenditure policy to expand consumption in China's.
The last part is the policy recommendations to guide the consumption expenditure of our country. According to the analysis of the previous fiscal expenditure, it puts forward the targeted fiscal expenditure policy recommendations to guide the consumption of residents in China.

【學位授予單位】：東北財經(jīng)大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：F812.45;F126.1

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本文編號：1596370