本文關(guān)鍵詞： 草原 生態(tài)補償 煤炭資源開發(fā)　出處：《內(nèi)蒙古師范大學》2013年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：內(nèi)蒙古從傳統(tǒng)的游牧經(jīng)濟向現(xiàn)代工業(yè)經(jīng)濟演進過程中，煤炭開發(fā)為內(nèi)蒙古的經(jīng)濟發(fā)展做出了重要的貢獻，從2002-2009年內(nèi)蒙古經(jīng)濟持續(xù)8年增長速度排在中國各省區(qū)第一位，大規(guī)模的煤炭資源開發(fā)對內(nèi)蒙古經(jīng)濟的拉動作用功不可沒，但與此同時也產(chǎn)生了一系列的生態(tài)環(huán)境問題，如資源過度開發(fā)、草原退化、環(huán)境污染等。近年來，內(nèi)蒙古煤炭資源消耗量逐年增加，并且煤炭資源消耗在能源消耗比重仍然是最大的，這對內(nèi)蒙古的草原環(huán)境保護提出了更高的要求。呼倫貝爾的煤炭礦區(qū)、錫林郭勒的煤炭礦區(qū)以及霍林河的煤炭礦區(qū)都恰好處于草原地區(qū)，怎樣以最低的經(jīng)濟成本、環(huán)境成本和社會成本來確保煤炭資源的可持續(xù)開發(fā)利用和草原生態(tài)持續(xù)健康發(fā)展，成為內(nèi)蒙古構(gòu)建草原生態(tài)補償機制的研究重點。 煤炭資源開發(fā)拉動了內(nèi)蒙古的經(jīng)濟增長，與此形成鮮明對比的是，，草原農(nóng)牧民的收入沒有得到相應(yīng)的增加，這無形中挫傷了農(nóng)牧民對草原生態(tài)環(huán)境保護的積極性；另外，草原是公共物品，這一屬性也決定了開發(fā)利用草原上的煤炭資源將會造成負的外部性，如果不對其進行有效的管理和補償，最終將會出現(xiàn)“公地悲劇”，因此構(gòu)建草原生態(tài)補償機制意義深遠。 本文借鑒國內(nèi)外的研究成果，分析了內(nèi)蒙古煤炭資源開發(fā)對草原生態(tài)系統(tǒng)破壞的狀況，揭示了煤炭資源開發(fā)與草原生態(tài)環(huán)境保護問題的矛盾之所在，進一步分析了草原生態(tài)補償與煤炭資源開發(fā)的互動機理，探尋原有草原生態(tài)補償機制的缺陷和漏洞，通過比較和歸納提出了構(gòu)建草原生態(tài)補償機制的舉措。文章主要圍繞誰補償誰、補償?shù)臉藴适鞘裁匆约叭绾窝a償這三個問題進行論述，以機會成本和交易成本作為草原生態(tài)補償?shù)睦碚撘罁?jù)，不斷完善草原生態(tài)補償機制的補償標準和定價機制。利用博弈方法對相關(guān)主體進行兩兩博弈分析，尋找博弈均衡解，為構(gòu)建草原生態(tài)補償提供政策支持。通過借鑒國外和其他省區(qū)的研究成果和現(xiàn)實經(jīng)驗，嘗試構(gòu)建新的草原補償機制，逐步打破傳統(tǒng)“輸血型”草原生態(tài)補償模式，逐漸向“造血型”草原生態(tài)補償模式轉(zhuǎn)變。
[Abstract]:In the process of Inner Mongolia's evolution from traditional nomadic economy to modern industrial economy, coal exploitation has made important contributions to the economic development of Inner Mongolia. From 2002 to 2009, Inner Mongolia's economy continued to grow for 8 years, ranking first in all provinces and regions of China. The large-scale development of coal resources has contributed to the economic development of Inner Mongolia, but at the same time, it has also produced a series of ecological and environmental problems, such as over-exploitation of resources, grassland degradation, environmental pollution, etc. In recent years, The consumption of coal resources in Inner Mongolia has increased year by year, and the proportion of coal resources consumed in energy consumption is still the largest, which puts forward higher requirements for the environmental protection of the grasslands in Inner Mongolia. The coal mining area of Xilinggol and the coal mining area of Huolin River are all located in the grassland area. How to ensure the sustainable development and utilization of coal resources and the sustainable and healthy development of grassland ecology with the lowest economic cost, environmental cost and social cost, It has become the focus of the study on the construction of grassland ecological compensation mechanism in Inner Mongolia. The exploitation of coal resources has driven economic growth in Inner Mongolia. In sharp contrast, the income of grassland farmers and herdsmen has not been increased correspondingly, which has virtually dampened the enthusiasm of farmers and herdsmen to protect the grassland ecological environment; in addition, Grassland is a public good, this attribute also determines that the exploitation and utilization of coal resources on the grassland will cause negative externalities, if it is not effectively managed and compensated, Finally, there will be tragedy of Commons, so it is of great significance to construct grassland ecological compensation mechanism. Based on the research results at home and abroad, this paper analyzes the destruction of grassland ecosystem caused by the exploitation of coal resources in Inner Mongolia, and reveals the contradiction between the exploitation of coal resources and the protection of grassland ecological environment. The interactive mechanism of grassland ecological compensation and coal resource development is further analyzed, and the defects and loopholes of the original grassland ecological compensation mechanism are explored. By comparing and summing up the measures of constructing grassland ecological compensation mechanism, the article mainly focuses on who compensates who, what is the standard of compensation and how to compensate these three problems. With opportunity cost and transaction cost as the theoretical basis of grassland ecological compensation, the compensation standard and pricing mechanism of grassland ecological compensation mechanism are continuously improved. In order to provide policy support for the construction of grassland ecological compensation, this paper tries to construct a new grassland compensation mechanism by referring to the research results and practical experiences of foreign countries and other provinces and regions, and gradually breaks the traditional "transfusion type" grassland ecological compensation model. Gradually to the "blood type" grassland ecological compensation model change.
【學位授予單位】：內(nèi)蒙古師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：X37;F127

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