本文關鍵詞：低碳經(jīng)濟背景下我國出口產(chǎn)品結構調整對策分析　出處：《中國海洋大學》2013年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

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【摘要】：進入21世紀，隨著全球氣候的日益變暖和資源能源環(huán)境問題的日趨緊張，追求低碳發(fā)展、轉變經(jīng)濟增長方式是未來社會發(fā)展的必然選擇。在現(xiàn)階段經(jīng)濟社會發(fā)展受到能源和環(huán)境的制約，低碳經(jīng)濟作為應對氣候變化、保障能源安全的重要戰(zhàn)略選擇,在全球范圍內受到廣泛認同。中國作為能源消耗大國之一，出口產(chǎn)品中碳密集產(chǎn)品占了很大比重，受到了來自世界各方面的壓力，如果歐美等國對其進口產(chǎn)品開征碳關稅，勢必會使我國產(chǎn)品出口面臨負面沖擊。因此，如何在低碳經(jīng)濟的背景下對中國的出口產(chǎn)品結構進行調整對于我國整體的貿(mào)易發(fā)展和貿(mào)易可持續(xù)發(fā)展具有重要意義。 本文采用定性研究與定量研究相結合，理論研究與實證研究相結合的方法。在對低碳經(jīng)濟相關理論進行概述的基礎上對我國的出口產(chǎn)品結構進行理論分析。通過對我國主要行業(yè)出口金額和單位產(chǎn)值能耗的數(shù)據(jù)進行查閱和總結，通過面板數(shù)據(jù)模型對我國的出口額與單位產(chǎn)值能好的關系進行實證分析。 本文的主要研究內容主要包括以下幾部分： 第一部分是前言。主要介紹本文的研究背景和研究意義、國內外的研究現(xiàn)狀以及本文主要的研究內容和研究方法等。 第二部分是對出口產(chǎn)品結構相關的理論進行概述。通過環(huán)境要素稟賦理論、貿(mào)易可持續(xù)發(fā)展理論及碳關稅等理論的分析，為我國的出口產(chǎn)品結構調整提供理論依據(jù)和基礎。 第三部分對我國出口產(chǎn)品結構及碳強度進行分析。首先在傳統(tǒng)意義上對我國的出口結構按其出口量分為初級產(chǎn)品、半制成品和工業(yè)制品三類，我國的出口產(chǎn)品以制成品為主。為了研究的便利，本文按單位產(chǎn)值能耗把我國的出口產(chǎn)品分為高碳排放產(chǎn)品、中碳排放產(chǎn)品和低碳排放產(chǎn)品三類。目前我國高碳排放產(chǎn)品的出口量較大，低碳排放產(chǎn)品的出口比重過低，我國以出口中碳排放產(chǎn)品為主，但是需要對這些產(chǎn)品進行低碳化改造。 第四部分從我國出口結構、政策因素、資金技術和國際環(huán)境四個方面對我國的出口產(chǎn)品結構進行SWOT分析。中國制定了自己的節(jié)能減排目標并提出了相應的政策，但這些政策具有宏觀性并沒有針對具體行業(yè)提出細則。我國政府和企業(yè)不斷加大對低碳行業(yè)的資金和技術投入，但是這些資金和技術投入遠遠不足維持整個低碳行業(yè)的發(fā)展。中國作為世界上最大的出口國承擔了國際“碳轉移”的壓力并且面臨碳關稅等貿(mào)易壁壘。由于我國在資源和勞動力方面具有比較優(yōu)勢，勞動和資源密集型制造業(yè)成為中國主要的出口部門，但是在傳統(tǒng)的制造業(yè)卻生產(chǎn)了大量高污染、高能耗和低附加值的產(chǎn)品。 第五部分對我國的出口產(chǎn)品結構進行實證分析。在整理我國主要出口數(shù)據(jù)和能源消耗數(shù)據(jù)的基礎上，分別對單一行業(yè)的單位產(chǎn)值能耗和我國出口額進行相關性分析，同時分析三類行業(yè)單位產(chǎn)值能耗對我國出口額的影響�；貧w結果顯示：我國三類行業(yè)的單位產(chǎn)值能耗都與我國出口額成反比關系，但是高碳排放行業(yè)的單位產(chǎn)值能耗對出口額的影響較大，低碳排放行業(yè)的單位產(chǎn)值能耗對出口額影響微乎其微。為了下一步對我國的出口結構調整提供依據(jù)，本文對我國三類產(chǎn)品的單位產(chǎn)值能耗進行預測，認為隨著技術進步和生產(chǎn)成熟，三類行業(yè)的單位產(chǎn)值能耗都會下降，但是幅度不一。 第六部分從加大技術投入、引進優(yōu)秀人才、升級國內產(chǎn)業(yè)結構、轉變貿(mào)易模式和加強國際合作五個方面提出政策建議。 第七部分是結論，本部分總結了本文的主要內容和觀點。
[Abstract]:In twenty-first Century, as the global climate warm energy resources environment problems increasingly become increasingly tense, the pursuit of low-carbon development, changing the mode of economic growth is the inevitable choice of social development in the future. In the current economic and social development is restricted by energy and environment, low carbon economy is an important strategic choice to cope with climate change, energy security that is widely recognized in the world. Chinese as one of the largest energy consumption, carbon intensive products exports accounted for a large proportion, received from all aspects of the world, if Europe and the United States imports of carbon tariffs on it, it will make China's exports faced negative impact. Therefore, how to export products the structure of the Chinese in the background of low carbon economy adjustment is of great significance for China's overall sustainable development of trade.
This paper adopts the combination of qualitative and quantitative analysis, theoretical research and empirical research method of combining theoretical analysis. The structure of export products to China in this paper the theory of low carbon economy. Based on China's export industries and the amount of energy consumption per unit of output data were reviewed and summarized, through the panel the data model for China's exports and output per can analyze a good relationship.
The main contents of this paper include the following parts:
The first part is the preface. It mainly introduces the background and significance of the research, the research status at home and abroad as well as the main research content and research methods in this paper.
The second part is an overview of the related theories of export product structure. Through the analysis of the theory of environmental factor endowment, the theory of trade sustainable development and the theory of carbon tariffs, it will provide theoretical basis and basis for China's export product structure adjustment.
The third part is the analysis of the structure of China's export products and carbon intensity. Firstly, in the traditional sense of the export structure of our country according to its export volume is divided into primary products, semi manufactured goods and industrial products three, China's export products to manufactured goods. In order to study the convenience, according to China's energy consumption per unit of output the export products are divided into high carbon products, carbon emission products and low carbon products in three categories. Exports of high carbon products in China at large, low carbon products export proportion is too low, China's exports to carbon emissions, but the need for low-carbon transformation of these products.
The fourth part from China's export structure, policy factors, four aspects of capital and technology and the international environment for China's export product structure of SWOT analysis. Chinese established own emission reduction targets and put forward the corresponding policy, but these policies are macroscopic and did not put forward specific industry rules. The Chinese government and enterprises continue to increase investment in low carbon industry capital and technology, but these funds and technology investment development is far insufficient to sustain the low carbon industry. Chinese as the largest exporter in the world to bear the pressure of international carbon transfer and face carbon tariffs and other trade barriers. Because our country has a comparative advantage in resources and labor hand, labor and resource intensive manufacturing industry has become the main Chinese export sector, but in the traditional manufacturing industry has produced a large number of high pollution, high energy consumption and low added value Products.
An empirical analysis of the structure of export products in the fifth part of our country. On the basis of consolidation in China mainly exports data and energy consumption data, respectively, of a single industry of China's energy consumption per unit of output and exports through correlation analysis, analysis of three kinds of industries and energy consumption impact on China's exports of the regression results. Display: China's three industries energy consumption per unit of output and exports but inversely related to the influence of high carbon emission industries, energy consumption per unit of output in exports is large, low carbon emission industries, energy consumption per unit of output of exports very little impact. In order to offer a basis for the adjustment of the export structure of China in the next step in this paper, to predict the unit output value of China's three products consumption, that with the progress of technology and production of mature, the three industries energy consumption per unit of output will decline, but the magnitude is not one.
The sixth part puts forward policy suggestions from five aspects: increasing technical input, introducing excellent talents, upgrading domestic industrial structure, transforming trade model and strengthening international cooperation.
The seventh part is the conclusion, this part summarizes the main contents and views of this article.

【學位授予單位】：中國海洋大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：F124.5;F752.62

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