本文關(guān)鍵詞：克林頓新經(jīng)濟政策探析　出處：《西南大學(xué)》2013年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 克林頓政府 新經(jīng)濟 財政政策 產(chǎn)業(yè)政策 評價

【摘要】：“新經(jīng)濟”政策是克林頓政府執(zhí)政期間所采取的一系列經(jīng)濟政策的統(tǒng)稱,這一政策的實施對于上世紀(jì)90年代以來的美國經(jīng)濟發(fā)展來說具有極為重要的意義：它成功地增加了政府的稅收收入,實現(xiàn)了聯(lián)邦政府的機構(gòu)改革,使政府得以更有效地行使其經(jīng)濟職能。在它的名下實施的產(chǎn)業(yè)政策更使得美國高新技術(shù)產(chǎn)業(yè),尤其是信息技術(shù)產(chǎn)業(yè)異軍突起；而放松對企業(yè)的管制則使得美國國內(nèi)的企業(yè)更有活力和國際競爭力。此外,以“新經(jīng)濟”的名義主導(dǎo)的各種財政投入不但促進了國內(nèi)經(jīng)濟的增長,而且對教育、科研等事關(guān)美國社會經(jīng)濟長遠(yuǎn)發(fā)展的各項事業(yè)的發(fā)展也起了巨大的推動作用。同時,本文認(rèn)為,任何一種經(jīng)濟政策都有其兩面性,新經(jīng)濟政策自然也不例外。 克林頓新經(jīng)濟政策的理論基礎(chǔ)是被眾多學(xué)者稱之為“新凱恩斯主義”的經(jīng)濟理論。這種新經(jīng)濟理論其實就是對凱恩斯主義的一種延伸。所以“新凱恩斯主義”理論的主要來源就是凱恩斯主義,但與其相比又有不同�？肆诸D新經(jīng)濟政策的形成,還與美國當(dāng)時的國內(nèi)外背景密切相關(guān)。在國際背景方面,主要表現(xiàn)為：冷戰(zhàn)結(jié)束,促使美國把各種資源集中于經(jīng)濟發(fā)展上；區(qū)域性的經(jīng)濟危機使國際資本紛紛流向美國；國際能源價格穩(wěn)定,使美國能源供應(yīng)充足。在國內(nèi)背景方面,主要表現(xiàn)為國內(nèi)宏觀經(jīng)濟嚴(yán)重的失衡,出現(xiàn)了高赤字、高負(fù)債、高利率、高失業(yè)率以及高貿(mào)易赤字的“五高”并存的局面；經(jīng)濟發(fā)展出現(xiàn)了一些新態(tài)勢,即高新技術(shù)產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展迅猛和一些制度上的創(chuàng)新。 本文重點討論了克林頓新經(jīng)濟政策中的財政政策。其財政政策主要有兩個基本出發(fā)點：第一,主要著眼于彌補財政赤字,改善政府財政狀況；第二,主要著眼于促進經(jīng)濟的長期穩(wěn)定增長。在彌補赤字方面主要通過增收和節(jié)支兩個方面展開：在增收方面,主要分析了個人所得稅、公司稅、醫(yī)療照顧保險稅、社會保險稅、運輸燃油增稅幾個稅種的增稅情況,并對增稅的影響和后果作了簡要分析；在節(jié)支方面,主要從精簡政府機構(gòu)和減少軍費開支兩個角度來分析,其中精簡政府機構(gòu)方面又作為本文的論述重點,本文擬從廢除繁瑣的規(guī)章制度、預(yù)算體制改革、采購體制改革、公務(wù)員體制改革四個方面展開�？肆诸D政府通過增收和節(jié)支兩個方面的改革,使政府的財政狀況得到了極大的改善。緊接著本文深入探討了克林頓政府對于放松企業(yè)管制方面的措施和影響。本文對于克林頓政府放松企業(yè)管制方面的議論主要包括兩點:首先,加大對高科技產(chǎn)業(yè)的投入,實施了“信息高速路計劃”；其次,放松企業(yè)管制,這一點主要從放松對企業(yè)重組的管制和放松對企業(yè)價格的管制兩個方面來做重點分析。在加大高新技術(shù)產(chǎn)業(yè)的投入和放松企業(yè)管制方面,又以后者作為本文的著力點。在放松對企業(yè)重組的管制方面,本文對其管制放松的歷史過程作了詳細(xì)梳理,并指出這種放松加劇了各企業(yè)的競爭,促使了產(chǎn)品價格的下降；同時,使得資本大規(guī)模向高新技術(shù)產(chǎn)業(yè)領(lǐng)域聚集,優(yōu)化了產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)。在放松企業(yè)價格管制方面,本文具體論述了放松電力行業(yè)價格管制、放松天然氣行業(yè)價格管制、放松電信行業(yè)價格管制、放松銀行金融行業(yè)價格管制、放松運輸業(yè)價格管制的過程。 克林頓政府財政政策一方面著眼于平衡財政赤字,另一方面著眼于促進經(jīng)濟長期穩(wěn)定增長,但是我們該如何評價這些政策呢?可以說,對于美國國內(nèi)而言,其有利影響是占大部分的,同時也有一定的不足方面：有利的一面,主要體現(xiàn)在實現(xiàn)了經(jīng)濟的“一高兩低”,促進了美國勞動生產(chǎn)率的提高,使信息產(chǎn)業(yè)成為美國的支柱產(chǎn)業(yè)；其不足的一面主要體現(xiàn)在政府放松對企業(yè)管制之后壟斷的急劇膨脹。從國際影響來看,一方面改變了美國在美、日、歐三級格局中的地位,另一方面加快了世界經(jīng)濟區(qū)域集團化的趨勢。
[Abstract]:The "new economic policy" is a general term for a series of economic policies during the Clinton government, the implementation of this policy is of great significance for the economic development of the United States last century since 90s it successfully increased the government's tax revenue, the federal government institutional reform, allowing the government to effectively exercise its economic function. The implementation of the name of the industry policy makes us high-tech industry, especially the information technology industry A new force suddenly rises. while the enterprise reform; making the United States domestic enterprises more dynamic and international competitiveness. In addition, a variety of financial investment in the name "new economy" led not only to promote the growth of the domestic economy, but also on the development of education, scientific research and other undertakings concerning the long-term development of the American economy has played a huge role in promoting. At the time, this article holds that any economic policy has its dual nature, and the new economic policy is naturally no exception.
The theoretical basis of Clinton's new economic policy is by many scholars called the "new Keynes doctrine" of economic theory. This new economic theory is actually an extension of the Keynes doctrine. So the main source of "new Keynes doctrine" theory is the Keynes doctrine, but it is different. Compared with the formation of Clinton's new economic policy also, closely related to the United States at home and abroad. In the background of international background, the main performance is: the end of the cold war, prompted the United States to a variety of resources to focus on economic development; regional economic crisis in international capital flows to the United States; International energy price stability, the United States and sufficient energy supply in the domestic background., mainly for the domestic macroeconomic imbalance is serious, the emergence of high deficits, high debt, high interest rates, high unemployment and high trade deficit "high five" coexistence of the Bureau There are some new trends in economic development, that is, the rapid development of high and new technology industry and the innovation of some systems.
This paper focuses on the discussion of Clinton's new economic policy in the fiscal policy. The fiscal policy mainly has two basic starting point: first, focus on the deficit and improve government finances; second, mainly focus on the promotion of long-term stable growth of the economy. Making up the deficit mainly through two aspects of income and savings in the income aspect, the main analysis of the personal income tax, corporate tax, medical care insurance tax, social insurance tax, tax increase transportation fuel tax increase of several tax, and the impact of tax increases and the consequences are briefly analyzed; in terms of savings, mainly from two angles to streamline government agencies and reduce military expenditure analysis, streamline government agencies and as the key point of the paper, this paper from the abolition of the cumbersome rules, budget reform, procurement reform, civil service reform four The Clinton administration reform aspects. Through two aspects of income and savings, the government's fiscal position has been greatly improved. Then this paper discusses the measures and effects of the Clinton Administration for enterprises deregulation. The discussion of the Clinton administration enterprises deregulation mainly includes two aspects: first, to increase the high-tech industry the investment, the implementation of the "information highway plan"; secondly, enterprises deregulation, this is mainly from the restructuring of enterprises to relax regulation and relax on the two aspects of enterprise price regulation to make key analysis. Increase investment in high-tech industries and enterprises deregulation, and the latter is the focal point of this paper in the deregulation of corporate restructuring, this paper made a detailed analysis on its deregulation historical process, and pointed out that this relaxation increased the enterprises The competition led to the decline in product prices; at the same time, making large-scale capital to high-tech industries gathered to optimize the industrial structure. In the relaxed price controls, this paper discusses the deregulation of the price of electric power industry, natural gas industry price control to relax, relax price regulation in telecom industry, deregulation of the price of bank financial industry relax, transport price regulation process.
The Clinton administration's fiscal policy on the one hand focus on balancing the budget deficit, on the other hand, focus on the promotion of long-term and stable economic growth, but how do we evaluate these policies? It can be said that for the United States, its beneficial effects are accounted for the majority, there are also certain deficiencies: on the plus side, mainly reflected in the economic "one high and two low", promote the improvement of labor productivity, the information industry has become a pillar industry of the United States; the side is mainly reflected in the rapid expansion of the government to relax the monopoly on enterprise control. After the impact from the international point of view, on the one hand, changed the United States in the United States, Japan, Europe three the position of the pattern, on the other hand, to speed up the regional grouping of the world economy trend.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：F171.2

【參考文獻】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前6條

1 曹丹,李卿燕;美國“新經(jīng)濟”增長原因分析[J];財經(jīng)問題研究;2000年12期

2 歐陽小華,杜輝;美國“新經(jīng)濟”的特征及影響分析[J];企業(yè)經(jīng)濟;2003年02期

3 杜修平;凱恩斯主義在美國[J];世界經(jīng)濟;1988年03期

4 孫健夫;美國財政政策的演變及啟示[J];世界經(jīng)濟;1997年07期

5 崔維;克林頓的財政政策評析[J];世界經(jīng)濟;1994年03期

6 秦嗣毅;戰(zhàn)后美國財政政策演變研究[J];學(xué)習(xí)與探索;2003年02期

相關(guān)博士學(xué)位論文 前1條

1 劉金紅;美國新經(jīng)濟增長與克林頓政府的財政政策研究[D];吉林大學(xué);2009年

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前4條

1 梅英子;克林頓時期貨幣政策探析[D];遼寧大學(xué);2011年

2 匡敏;管窺克林頓政府的貿(mào)易政策[D];外交學(xué)院;2006年

3 董美鮮;試論克林頓的第三條道路[D];內(nèi)蒙古大學(xué);2009年

4 李恰;克林頓時期美國公平貿(mào)易政策研究[D];中國社會科學(xué)院研究生院;2010年

，

本文編號：1366557