本文關(guān)鍵詞：基于生態(tài)足跡的中國省級可持續(xù)發(fā)展能力比較研究　出處：《吉林大學(xué)》2013年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

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【摘要】：工業(yè)革命的到來，使人類社會生產(chǎn)力水平得到前所未有的提高。然而，在全球經(jīng)濟(jì)迅速發(fā)展的同時(shí)，伴隨而來的是資源的大量消耗、環(huán)境污染、生態(tài)破壞，這些問題反過來又制約著人類社會的健康持續(xù)發(fā)展。因此，1987年布倫特萊在《我們共同的未來》中首次提出“可持續(xù)發(fā)展”概念。所謂可持續(xù)發(fā)展就是指“既能滿足當(dāng)代人的需要，又不對后代人滿足其需要的能力構(gòu)成危害的發(fā)展”。從此，世界各國便開始越來越關(guān)注資源、環(huán)境的保護(hù)以及經(jīng)濟(jì)、自然、社會能否實(shí)現(xiàn)可持續(xù)發(fā)展。 中國政府編制的《中國21世紀(jì)人口、資源、環(huán)境與發(fā)展白皮書》，首次把可持續(xù)發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略納入我國經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會發(fā)展的長遠(yuǎn)規(guī)劃。黨的十五大明確提出把可持續(xù)發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略確定為我國“現(xiàn)代化建設(shè)中必須實(shí)施”的戰(zhàn)略。黨的十八大首次明確提出“要把生態(tài)文明建設(shè)放在突出地位，融入經(jīng)濟(jì)建設(shè)、政治建設(shè)、文化建設(shè)、社會建設(shè)各方面和全過程”，“建設(shè)美麗中國，實(shí)現(xiàn)中華民族永續(xù)發(fā)展”。當(dāng)前，我國正處于改革發(fā)展和經(jīng)濟(jì)增長方式轉(zhuǎn)型的關(guān)鍵時(shí)期，對于我國省際層面可持續(xù)發(fā)展能力的評估具有重要現(xiàn)實(shí)意義。 生態(tài)足跡（Ecological Footprint）的概念最早由Rees教授和其博士生Wackernagel于1992年提出并發(fā)展起來。生態(tài)足跡測量了人類生產(chǎn)活動過程中對自然的消耗，它代表著人類占用了多少生產(chǎn)性土地和水域去生產(chǎn)所有我們消耗的資源以及吸收所有我們產(chǎn)生的廢棄物。到目前為止，生態(tài)足跡模型被普遍認(rèn)為是能夠測量一個國家或地區(qū)可持續(xù)發(fā)展能力水平的最好方法。因此，本文基于生態(tài)足跡的測量方法分別從時(shí)間維度和橫向比較兩個方面對我國省級可持續(xù)發(fā)展能力進(jìn)行了趨勢與比較分析。 通過對測量結(jié)果的分析，本文得出了三個主要結(jié)論：（1）總的來說，中國31個省份的人均生態(tài)足跡較高，且生態(tài)足跡的多樣性指數(shù)不高，總的生態(tài)足跡過于集中在某一個或某兩個土地類型上，，可持續(xù)發(fā)展能力有待于進(jìn)一步提高（2）中國各省可持續(xù)發(fā)展能力不平衡，地區(qū)之間差距較大，主要表現(xiàn)為東部地區(qū)可持續(xù)發(fā)展能力相對較好，中部地區(qū)處于一般水平，西部地區(qū)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的可持續(xù)性相對較差。（3）從時(shí)間角度分析來看，中國各省的可持續(xù)發(fā)展能力評價(jià)指標(biāo)大體呈現(xiàn)出周期性波動，并且每一次的變化趨勢都與國家政策密切相關(guān)，政策的持續(xù)性顯得尤為重要。 最后，本文為進(jìn)一步提高中國省級可持續(xù)發(fā)展能力提出了四個建設(shè)性意見：（1）繼續(xù)深入貫徹落實(shí)“建設(shè)資源節(jié)約型、環(huán)境友好型社會”的方針，切實(shí)轉(zhuǎn)變經(jīng)濟(jì)增長方式。（2）有效規(guī)劃對各種土地類型的綜合利用，努力提高生態(tài)足跡的多樣性指數(shù)。（3）依靠科技進(jìn)步提高資源利用效率，大力發(fā)展生態(tài)經(jīng)濟(jì)。（4）加大對西部地區(qū)的資金、技術(shù)支持，力求扭轉(zhuǎn)西部地區(qū)經(jīng)濟(jì)增長對資源嚴(yán)重依賴的狀況。
[Abstract]:With the arrival of the industrial revolution, the level of human social productivity has been improved unprecedented. However, with the rapid development of the global economy, accompanied by a large number of consumption of resources, environmental pollution, ecological destruction. These problems, in turn, restrict the healthy and sustainable development of human society. In 1987, Brent 茅 first put forward the concept of "sustainable development" in "our Common Future". The so-called "sustainable development" refers to "meeting the needs of the present generation." Since then, all countries in the world have begun to pay more and more attention to the protection of resources, the environment and the economy, nature and society to achieve sustainable development. The White Paper on population, Resources, Environment and Development in 21th century prepared by the Chinese government. For the first time, the sustainable development strategy has been incorporated into the long-term plan of our country's economic and social development. The 15th National Congress of the Communist Party of China clearly put forward that the sustainable development strategy must be carried out in China's modernization drive. The 18 National Congress of the Communist Party of China (CPC) explicitly put forward for the first time that "the construction of ecological civilization should be placed in a prominent position." Integration of economic construction, political construction, cultural construction, social construction in all aspects and the whole process, "Building a beautiful China and realizing the sustainable development of the Chinese nation". China is in the critical period of reform and development and the transformation of economic growth mode, which is of great practical significance to the evaluation of the ability of sustainable development at the provincial level. Ecological footprint. The concept was first proposed and developed by Professor Rees and his Ph.D. student Wackernagel in 1992. The ecological footprint measures the consumption of nature in the course of human production. It represents how much productive land and waters are occupied by human beings to produce all the resources we consume and to absorb all the waste we produce. So far. Ecological footprint model is generally considered to be the best way to measure the sustainable development capacity of a country or region. In this paper, based on the ecological footprint measurement method, the trend and comparative analysis of the provincial sustainable development capacity in China are carried out from two aspects: time dimension and horizontal comparison. Through the analysis of the measurement results, this paper draws three main conclusions: (1) in general, the per capita ecological footprint of 31 provinces in China is relatively high, and the diversity index of ecological footprint is not high. The overall ecological footprint is too concentrated on one or two land types, and the ability of sustainable development needs to be further improved. The main performance is that the ability of sustainable development in the eastern region is relatively good, the central region is at a general level, and the economic development of the western region is relatively poor in sustainability. The evaluation index of sustainable development ability of every province in China shows periodic fluctuation, and each change trend is closely related to the national policy, and the sustainability of policy is particularly important. Finally, this paper puts forward four constructive suggestions for further improving the ability of sustainable development at the provincial level in China) and continues to implement the policy of "building a resource-conserving and environment-friendly society". Effectively change the mode of economic growth. 2) effectively plan the comprehensive utilization of various land types, and strive to improve the diversity index of ecological footprint. 3) improve the efficiency of resource utilization by scientific and technological progress. Vigorously develop ecological economy. 4) increase funds and technical support to the western region, and strive to reverse the situation that the economic growth in the western region is heavily dependent on resources.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：X22;F120.4

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