本文關(guān)鍵詞： 中華文明 西方文明 文化 制度選擇　出處：《山東大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：文明是一個(gè)非常寬泛的概念,文明理論也有很多。在湯因比看來,文明是指具有一定的時(shí)間與空間聯(lián)系的某一群人類,文明包括政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)、文化的三個(gè)方面,其中文化是文明的精髓,宗教是文明形態(tài)最深厚的基礎(chǔ)。湯因比的“文明形態(tài)史觀”認(rèn)為,所有文明在“挑戰(zhàn)—應(yīng)戰(zhàn)”的模式之下都會(huì)經(jīng)歷起源、生長、衰落與解體的過程。本文以湯因比的文明理論作為主要的行文依據(jù),在探討西方文明和中華文明分別在“挑戰(zhàn)—應(yīng)戰(zhàn)”模式下的生成與發(fā)展的基礎(chǔ)上,以文化與制度的關(guān)系為線索,進(jìn)而探討中國現(xiàn)代化的制度選擇問題。西方文明和中華文明在文明最初緣起之時(shí),都深受自然環(huán)境的影響；環(huán)境給文明帶來的影響也一直延續(xù)了下來。但是,文明并非只受制于環(huán)境,它的生長與發(fā)展最終取決于它對(duì)于挑戰(zhàn)的應(yīng)戰(zhàn)能力。從古希臘文明到現(xiàn)代基督教文明,西方文明成功應(yīng)對(duì)了無數(shù)次外在環(huán)境的挑戰(zhàn)延續(xù)至今；而近代以來,以儒家文化為代表的中華文明在西方基督教文明的挑戰(zhàn)面前缺乏自我更新的內(nèi)部機(jī)制,難以實(shí)現(xiàn)從傳統(tǒng)觀念向近代觀念的歷史轉(zhuǎn)變,繼續(xù)以傳統(tǒng)的文化心理和陳舊的思維模式來應(yīng)對(duì)各種危機(jī),最終文明走向了衰落。文明的精髓在于文化；制度是文明得以成功應(yīng)對(duì)挑戰(zhàn)的重要保證。因此,討論文化與制度之間的關(guān)系,是本文非常重要的一個(gè)環(huán)節(jié)。文化與制度之間并非只是簡(jiǎn)單的因果關(guān)系；文化為制度的生根發(fā)芽提供了重要的土壤；制度為文化的繁榮與文明的發(fā)展創(chuàng)造了多元試錯(cuò)的條件。因此,中國現(xiàn)代化制度的選擇,必須要處理好文化與制度之間復(fù)雜的關(guān)系,否則制度選擇和制度構(gòu)建將困難重重。在分析中國現(xiàn)代化制度選擇的問題時(shí),既要避免陷入“文化決定論”和“制度決定論”這兩種決定論的窠臼,又要處理好傳統(tǒng)文化與制度構(gòu)建的問題。只有滿足本土需要的文化,以及在此基礎(chǔ)上形成的內(nèi)生制度,才能夠?yàn)橹袊拿髟谛聲r(shí)期應(yīng)對(duì)新挑戰(zhàn)時(shí)提供低成本的多元試錯(cuò)方式。
[Abstract]:Civilization is a very broad concept, there are a lot of civilization theory. In Toynbee's view, civilization refers to a certain time and the spatial relationship of a group of human civilization, including politics, economy, culture in three aspects, which is the essence of culture, civilization, religion is the foundation of the most profound form of Toynbee. The morphology of history "that all civilization under the" challenge response "mode will experience the origin, growth, decline and disintegration process. Based on Toynbee's theory of civilization as the main basis for this paper, based on the West Fang Wenming and the Chinese civilization in the" challenge response "formation and development mode on the relationship of culture and system as the clue, and then discuss the system selection problem. China modern western civilization and Chinese civilization in the origin of civilization first, by the natural environment. Noise; environmental impact to civilization also has lasted. However, not only subject to the civilized environment, growth and development of it ultimately depends on its ability to challenge the challenge. The ancient Greek civilization to modern Christian civilization, Western civilization to successfully deal with numerous environmental challenges in today; and since the modern times as the representative of the Confucian culture, Chinese civilization is the lack of internal mechanism of self renewal in the face of Western Christian civilization challenges, it is difficult to achieve from the traditional concept to the historical transformation of modern ideas, continue with the traditional cultural psychology and the old mode of thinking to cope with the crisis, the final civilization decline. The essence of civilization lies in the cultural system; is an important guarantee for the success of civilization to meet the challenges. Therefore, to discuss the relationship between culture and system, is a very important part of the culture and system in this paper. Between the degree is not just a simple causal relationship; culture provides an important system for soil root system; create multiple trial and error conditions for the development of cultural prosperity and civilization. Therefore, China system of modernization, we must deal with the complex relationship between culture and system, or system selection and system construction it will be difficult. In the analysis of the selection of China system of modernization problem, not only to avoid the "cultural determinism" and "institutional determinism" of these two kinds of determinism of stereotype, and deal with the traditional culture and system construction problems. Only to meet the local needs of the culture, and on the basis of the formation of endogenous the system can provide multiple China civilization trial and error process low cost in the new challenge in new period.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：D61

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本文編號(hào)：1524670