發(fā)展文化事業(yè)促進(jìn)文化產(chǎn)業(yè)政策研究
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-08-26 21:11
【摘要】：建國(guó)以來,我國(guó)從馬克思主義關(guān)于文化的基本認(rèn)識(shí)出發(fā),進(jìn)行了大規(guī)模的文化事業(yè)建設(shè),隨著對(duì)馬克思主義局限性的認(rèn)識(shí)和世界范圍內(nèi)文化產(chǎn)業(yè)的崛起,我國(guó)進(jìn)行了文化體制改革,由此催生出公益性文化事業(yè)和經(jīng)營(yíng)性文化產(chǎn)業(yè)兩個(gè)不同的領(lǐng)域,文化事業(yè)具有公益性、公共性,文化產(chǎn)業(yè)則具有經(jīng)營(yíng)性、市場(chǎng)性,他們具有明顯的不同,但又存在緊密的聯(lián)系。本文從公共理論出發(fā),從營(yíng)利性的角度,在我國(guó)特有的文化語境下,對(duì)“文化事業(yè)”和“文化產(chǎn)業(yè)”進(jìn)行了概念辨析和基本界定,本文所指“文化事業(yè)”是公益性文化事業(yè)、非營(yíng)利性文化產(chǎn)業(yè),本文所指“文化產(chǎn)業(yè)”是經(jīng)營(yíng)性文化產(chǎn)業(yè)、營(yíng)利性文化產(chǎn)業(yè),他們同屬于大的文化產(chǎn)業(yè)的范疇。文化事業(yè)是社會(huì)性、公共性、基礎(chǔ)性、公益性事業(yè),文化產(chǎn)業(yè)是創(chuàng)意型、中借型、周期型、引致型產(chǎn)業(yè),受文化核心資源、基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施及傳播載體、科學(xué)技術(shù)、人才資源及公共產(chǎn)品供給影響,即受文化事業(yè)發(fā)展程度制約較大,發(fā)展文化事業(yè)可以為文化產(chǎn)業(yè)提供文化資源、文化資本、文化科技、文化人才,可以培育文化消費(fèi)需求,營(yíng)造產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展環(huán)境,對(duì)產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展有巨大促進(jìn)作用。因此,提出了文化事業(yè)對(duì)文化產(chǎn)業(yè)促進(jìn)機(jī)制的研究論斷。 在此基礎(chǔ)上,本文借助產(chǎn)業(yè)要素經(jīng)濟(jì)理論,對(duì)文事業(yè)促進(jìn)文化產(chǎn)業(yè)的作用機(jī)制和運(yùn)行機(jī)理進(jìn)行了分析,對(duì)研究論題進(jìn)行規(guī)范驗(yàn)證,指出：文化事業(yè)中文化基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施、人文藝術(shù)資源、事業(yè)資本積累、科技支撐、人才培養(yǎng)、政府購買、市場(chǎng)環(huán)境建設(shè)等因素,可以通過資源競(jìng)爭(zhēng)機(jī)制、投資驅(qū)動(dòng)機(jī)制、技術(shù)創(chuàng)新機(jī)制、版權(quán)保護(hù)機(jī)制、供給推動(dòng)機(jī)制和需求拉動(dòng)機(jī)制,進(jìn)入到文化產(chǎn)業(yè)循環(huán)中,從而促進(jìn)文化產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展。然后,繼續(xù)從產(chǎn)業(yè)要素的視角,分析了文化產(chǎn)業(yè)的發(fā)展模式和演化路徑,進(jìn)而從我國(guó)文化產(chǎn)業(yè)的實(shí)際情況出發(fā),分析提出了我國(guó)發(fā)展文化事業(yè)促進(jìn)文化產(chǎn)業(yè)的路徑選擇,即利用自身資源優(yōu)勢(shì),發(fā)揮特色推動(dòng)作用,找準(zhǔn)文化事業(yè)建設(shè)的重點(diǎn),帶動(dòng)文化產(chǎn)業(yè)的發(fā)展壯大和升級(jí)換代,實(shí)現(xiàn)資源稟賦型、資本推動(dòng)型、科技創(chuàng)新型、文化創(chuàng)意型的“蛛網(wǎng)演化”。 在定性分析基礎(chǔ)上,通過綜合分析文獻(xiàn)研究成果,以量化研究成果對(duì)發(fā)展文事業(yè)促進(jìn)文化產(chǎn)業(yè)的研究論題進(jìn)行實(shí)證論證,結(jié)果表明：資金、人力資源和實(shí)物投入對(duì)文化產(chǎn)業(yè)有巨大推動(dòng)作用。接下來,從文化事業(yè)直接投入和間接投入的角度,建立了我國(guó)發(fā)展文化事業(yè)促進(jìn)文化產(chǎn)業(yè)的計(jì)量模型,并進(jìn)行了實(shí)證分析,分析結(jié)果表明,文化事業(yè)投入與產(chǎn)業(yè)增加值有明顯線性相關(guān)關(guān)系,增加投入可以顯著提高產(chǎn)業(yè)水平,結(jié)果同時(shí)表明,在我國(guó)發(fā)展文化事業(yè)促進(jìn)文化產(chǎn)業(yè)過程中存在明顯的結(jié)構(gòu)轉(zhuǎn)折周期,需要進(jìn)一步加快文化體制改革,引導(dǎo)市場(chǎng)機(jī)制發(fā)揮更大作用。最后引入波特鉆石模型,對(duì)文化事業(yè)對(duì)文化產(chǎn)業(yè)的促進(jìn)作用進(jìn)行了評(píng)價(jià),結(jié)果顯示,發(fā)展文化事業(yè)可以對(duì)文化產(chǎn)業(yè)產(chǎn)生巨大的規(guī)模效應(yīng)、結(jié)構(gòu)效應(yīng)和周期效應(yīng)。因此,強(qiáng)調(diào)文化事業(yè)與文化產(chǎn)業(yè)并重,以發(fā)展文化事業(yè)促進(jìn)文化產(chǎn)業(yè),可以成為我國(guó)推動(dòng)文化產(chǎn)業(yè)成為國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)支柱產(chǎn)業(yè)的一個(gè)重要突破口。 接下來,本文對(duì)我國(guó)文化事業(yè)和文化產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展情況進(jìn)行了分析,指出我國(guó)文化事業(yè)基礎(chǔ)仍然薄弱、產(chǎn)業(yè)水平仍然不高,文化事業(yè)對(duì)文化產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展支持不夠、帶動(dòng)不足,急需大力加強(qiáng)事業(yè)建設(shè),帶動(dòng)產(chǎn)業(yè)水平提升。在這過程中,政府可以統(tǒng)籌考慮文化資源利用和資金投入,通過制定有針對(duì)性的文化事業(yè)發(fā)展規(guī)劃和實(shí)施具有重大帶動(dòng)作用的公益性文化項(xiàng)目,提高資源利用效率和文化發(fā)展效益,消除文化產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展的基礎(chǔ)瓶頸,實(shí)現(xiàn)以事業(yè)帶動(dòng)產(chǎn)業(yè),事業(yè)產(chǎn)業(yè)協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展,達(dá)到“一石兩鳥”的目的。 從研究視角出發(fā),遵循發(fā)展文化事業(yè)促進(jìn)文化產(chǎn)業(yè)的作用機(jī)制和演化路徑,結(jié)合我國(guó)文化事業(yè)產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展的實(shí)際情況,及二者互動(dòng)發(fā)展的態(tài)勢(shì),提出了我國(guó)發(fā)展文化事業(yè)促進(jìn)文化產(chǎn)業(yè)的政策框架、政策思路和政策建議。即在科學(xué)界定政府職能、主要領(lǐng)域和工作原則基礎(chǔ)上,確定了對(duì)策思路,提出了加強(qiáng)文化基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)、提高公共文化保障范圍和質(zhì)量、創(chuàng)新公共文化保障運(yùn)行機(jī)制、建立文化人才培養(yǎng)保障機(jī)制、加大文化科技創(chuàng)新力度等政策建議,為產(chǎn)業(yè)快速發(fā)展創(chuàng)造條件。 公共財(cái)稅政策是發(fā)展文化事業(yè)促進(jìn)文化產(chǎn)業(yè)最重要的調(diào)控手段,歐美國(guó)家對(duì)非營(yíng)利文化的財(cái)稅政策經(jīng)驗(yàn)表明,非營(yíng)利文化是財(cái)稅政策支持的重點(diǎn)和優(yōu)先領(lǐng)域,我國(guó)文化財(cái)稅政策概況和存在問題表明,我國(guó)還未真正將本來就“弱勢(shì)”的文化放到“弱勢(shì)”的位置進(jìn)行戰(zhàn)略扶持,尤其是在目前文化財(cái)稅支持絕對(duì)不足的情況下,財(cái)稅政策過分強(qiáng)調(diào)了文化產(chǎn)業(yè)的需要。遵循確立文化在財(cái)稅扶持中的優(yōu)先地位,著力提高文化資源配置效率,事業(yè)產(chǎn)業(yè)分類支持,并突出扶持重點(diǎn)的思路,本文提出了發(fā)展文化事業(yè)促進(jìn)文化產(chǎn)業(yè)的財(cái)稅政策建議,即加大文化投入力度,積極探索文化投入新模式,制定引導(dǎo)性稅收政策體系,加強(qiáng)財(cái)稅政策協(xié)調(diào),確定財(cái)稅支持重點(diǎn)等政策建議。
[Abstract]:Since the founding of the People's Republic of China, China has carried out a large-scale construction of cultural undertakings based on the basic knowledge of Marxism about culture. With the understanding of the limitations of Marxism and the rise of cultural industries worldwide, China has carried out cultural system reform, which has resulted in two differences between public welfare cultural undertakings and business-oriented cultural industries. In the field of public welfare, publicity and marketing, cultural undertakings are obviously different from each other, but they are closely related. From the angle of public theory and profit-making, this paper makes a conceptual analysis and foundation of "cultural undertakings" and "cultural industries" in the unique cultural context of our country. This definition, this article refers to the "cultural undertakings" is a public welfare cultural undertakings, non-profit cultural industries, this article refers to the "cultural industry" is a business-oriented cultural industry, for-profit cultural industries, they belong to the category of large cultural industries. Borrowing, periodic and inducing industries are influenced by cultural core resources, infrastructure and communication carriers, science and technology, human resources and the supply of public goods, that is to say, the development of cultural undertakings can provide cultural resources for cultural industries, cultural capital, cultural science and technology, cultural talents, and cultivate cultural eliminations. The demand for fees and the creation of an environment for industrial development play a great role in promoting industrial development.
On this basis, with the help of the theory of industrial factor economy, this paper analyzes the mechanism and operation mechanism of cultural undertakings to promote cultural industry, and verifies the research topic. It points out that cultural infrastructure, human and art resources, enterprise capital accumulation, scientific and technological support, personnel training, government purchasing, market environment construction in cultural undertakings. Setting up such factors as resource competition mechanism, investment-driven mechanism, technological innovation mechanism, copyright protection mechanism, supply-driven mechanism and demand-driven mechanism can be used to promote the development of cultural industry. Then, from the perspective of industrial factors, the development mode and evolution path of cultural industry are analyzed. Starting from the actual situation of China's cultural industry, this paper analyzes and puts forward the path choice for the development of China's cultural undertakings to promote the cultural industry, that is, to make use of its own resource advantages, to give full play to the driving role of its own characteristics, to find the key points for the construction of cultural undertakings, to promote the development and upgrading of the cultural industry, to realize the resource endowment, capital-driven, and scientific and technological creation. New, cultural and creative "spider web evolution".
On the basis of qualitative analysis and comprehensive analysis of literature research results, this paper demonstrates empirically the research topic of promoting cultural industry by developing cultural undertakings with quantitative research results. The results show that capital, human resources and material inputs have a great role in promoting cultural industry. Next, from the perspective of direct and indirect investment in cultural undertakings. This paper establishes an econometric model for the development of cultural undertakings to promote cultural industry in China, and makes an empirical analysis. The results show that there is a clear linear correlation between cultural undertakings investment and industrial added value. Increasing input can significantly improve the industrial level. The results also show that there is a long way to go in the process of developing cultural undertakings to promote cultural industry in China. At last, the paper introduces Porter's Diamond Model and evaluates the role of cultural undertakings in promoting cultural industry. The results show that the development of cultural undertakings can produce enormous scale effect, structural effect and week effect on cultural industry. Therefore, emphasizing the equal importance of cultural undertakings and cultural industries and promoting cultural industries through the development of cultural undertakings can become an important breakthrough for China to promote cultural industry as a pillar industry of the national economy.
Next, this paper analyzes the development of China's cultural undertakings and cultural industries, pointing out that the foundation of China's cultural undertakings is still weak, the level of industry is still not high, cultural undertakings do not support the development of cultural industries, lack of drive, the urgent need to vigorously strengthen the cause of construction, promote the level of industry. Considering the utilization of cultural resources and the investment of funds, through the formulation of targeted development plans for cultural undertakings and the implementation of public welfare cultural projects with significant driving effect, the utilization efficiency of resources and the benefits of cultural development can be improved, the basic bottlenecks of the development of cultural industries can be eliminated, and the coordinated development of industries and undertakings can be achieved. The purpose of "one stone, two birds".
From the perspective of research, following the mechanism and evolutionary path of promoting cultural industry by developing cultural undertakings, combining with the actual situation of China's cultural undertakings and the situation of their interactive development, this paper puts forward the policy framework, policy ideas and policy suggestions for promoting cultural industry by developing cultural undertakings in China. On the basis of functions, main fields and working principles, this paper defines the countermeasures and ideas, and puts forward some policy suggestions, such as strengthening the construction of cultural infrastructure, improving the scope and quality of public cultural security, innovating the operational mechanism of public cultural security, establishing the guarantee mechanism for cultivating cultural talents, and strengthening the innovation of cultural science and technology, so as to create conditions for the rapid development of industry.
Public finance and taxation policy is the most important means of regulating and controlling the development of cultural undertakings to promote cultural industries. The experience of fiscal and taxation policies of European and American countries on non-profit culture shows that non-profit culture is the focus and priority area of fiscal and taxation policy support. The general situation and existing problems of China's cultural Finance and taxation policy indicate that China has not really put its "weakness" into practice. Culture should be placed in the position of "vulnerable" for strategic support, especially in the case of absolutely inadequate cultural financial and taxation support, the fiscal and taxation policies overemphasize the needs of cultural industries. This paper puts forward some suggestions on the fiscal and taxation policies for the development of cultural undertakings and the promotion of cultural industries, such as increasing cultural input, actively exploring new modes of cultural input, formulating a guiding taxation policy system, strengthening fiscal and taxation policy coordination, and determining the key points of fiscal and taxation support.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：財(cái)政部財(cái)政科學(xué)研究所
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：G124
本文編號(hào)：2206170
[Abstract]:Since the founding of the People's Republic of China, China has carried out a large-scale construction of cultural undertakings based on the basic knowledge of Marxism about culture. With the understanding of the limitations of Marxism and the rise of cultural industries worldwide, China has carried out cultural system reform, which has resulted in two differences between public welfare cultural undertakings and business-oriented cultural industries. In the field of public welfare, publicity and marketing, cultural undertakings are obviously different from each other, but they are closely related. From the angle of public theory and profit-making, this paper makes a conceptual analysis and foundation of "cultural undertakings" and "cultural industries" in the unique cultural context of our country. This definition, this article refers to the "cultural undertakings" is a public welfare cultural undertakings, non-profit cultural industries, this article refers to the "cultural industry" is a business-oriented cultural industry, for-profit cultural industries, they belong to the category of large cultural industries. Borrowing, periodic and inducing industries are influenced by cultural core resources, infrastructure and communication carriers, science and technology, human resources and the supply of public goods, that is to say, the development of cultural undertakings can provide cultural resources for cultural industries, cultural capital, cultural science and technology, cultural talents, and cultivate cultural eliminations. The demand for fees and the creation of an environment for industrial development play a great role in promoting industrial development.
On this basis, with the help of the theory of industrial factor economy, this paper analyzes the mechanism and operation mechanism of cultural undertakings to promote cultural industry, and verifies the research topic. It points out that cultural infrastructure, human and art resources, enterprise capital accumulation, scientific and technological support, personnel training, government purchasing, market environment construction in cultural undertakings. Setting up such factors as resource competition mechanism, investment-driven mechanism, technological innovation mechanism, copyright protection mechanism, supply-driven mechanism and demand-driven mechanism can be used to promote the development of cultural industry. Then, from the perspective of industrial factors, the development mode and evolution path of cultural industry are analyzed. Starting from the actual situation of China's cultural industry, this paper analyzes and puts forward the path choice for the development of China's cultural undertakings to promote the cultural industry, that is, to make use of its own resource advantages, to give full play to the driving role of its own characteristics, to find the key points for the construction of cultural undertakings, to promote the development and upgrading of the cultural industry, to realize the resource endowment, capital-driven, and scientific and technological creation. New, cultural and creative "spider web evolution".
On the basis of qualitative analysis and comprehensive analysis of literature research results, this paper demonstrates empirically the research topic of promoting cultural industry by developing cultural undertakings with quantitative research results. The results show that capital, human resources and material inputs have a great role in promoting cultural industry. Next, from the perspective of direct and indirect investment in cultural undertakings. This paper establishes an econometric model for the development of cultural undertakings to promote cultural industry in China, and makes an empirical analysis. The results show that there is a clear linear correlation between cultural undertakings investment and industrial added value. Increasing input can significantly improve the industrial level. The results also show that there is a long way to go in the process of developing cultural undertakings to promote cultural industry in China. At last, the paper introduces Porter's Diamond Model and evaluates the role of cultural undertakings in promoting cultural industry. The results show that the development of cultural undertakings can produce enormous scale effect, structural effect and week effect on cultural industry. Therefore, emphasizing the equal importance of cultural undertakings and cultural industries and promoting cultural industries through the development of cultural undertakings can become an important breakthrough for China to promote cultural industry as a pillar industry of the national economy.
Next, this paper analyzes the development of China's cultural undertakings and cultural industries, pointing out that the foundation of China's cultural undertakings is still weak, the level of industry is still not high, cultural undertakings do not support the development of cultural industries, lack of drive, the urgent need to vigorously strengthen the cause of construction, promote the level of industry. Considering the utilization of cultural resources and the investment of funds, through the formulation of targeted development plans for cultural undertakings and the implementation of public welfare cultural projects with significant driving effect, the utilization efficiency of resources and the benefits of cultural development can be improved, the basic bottlenecks of the development of cultural industries can be eliminated, and the coordinated development of industries and undertakings can be achieved. The purpose of "one stone, two birds".
From the perspective of research, following the mechanism and evolutionary path of promoting cultural industry by developing cultural undertakings, combining with the actual situation of China's cultural undertakings and the situation of their interactive development, this paper puts forward the policy framework, policy ideas and policy suggestions for promoting cultural industry by developing cultural undertakings in China. On the basis of functions, main fields and working principles, this paper defines the countermeasures and ideas, and puts forward some policy suggestions, such as strengthening the construction of cultural infrastructure, improving the scope and quality of public cultural security, innovating the operational mechanism of public cultural security, establishing the guarantee mechanism for cultivating cultural talents, and strengthening the innovation of cultural science and technology, so as to create conditions for the rapid development of industry.
Public finance and taxation policy is the most important means of regulating and controlling the development of cultural undertakings to promote cultural industries. The experience of fiscal and taxation policies of European and American countries on non-profit culture shows that non-profit culture is the focus and priority area of fiscal and taxation policy support. The general situation and existing problems of China's cultural Finance and taxation policy indicate that China has not really put its "weakness" into practice. Culture should be placed in the position of "vulnerable" for strategic support, especially in the case of absolutely inadequate cultural financial and taxation support, the fiscal and taxation policies overemphasize the needs of cultural industries. This paper puts forward some suggestions on the fiscal and taxation policies for the development of cultural undertakings and the promotion of cultural industries, such as increasing cultural input, actively exploring new modes of cultural input, formulating a guiding taxation policy system, strengthening fiscal and taxation policy coordination, and determining the key points of fiscal and taxation support.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：財(cái)政部財(cái)政科學(xué)研究所
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：G124
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