本文選題：西方傳媒制度 + 制度轉(zhuǎn)型��； 參考：《河北大學(xué)》2012年博士論文

【摘要】：傳媒新技術(shù)的快速發(fā)展，特別是互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的發(fā)展，顛覆了傳統(tǒng)的傳媒格局，也深刻影響著傳媒未來的發(fā)展。當(dāng)代傳媒業(yè)進(jìn)入到一個新的發(fā)展階段，傳媒業(yè)正經(jīng)歷著諸多轉(zhuǎn)型，與之相對應(yīng)傳媒制度在傳媒業(yè)各個層面發(fā)生著轉(zhuǎn)型，制度轉(zhuǎn)型是當(dāng)前國際傳媒業(yè)發(fā)展的基本面。制度轉(zhuǎn)型也是中國傳媒改革的重要內(nèi)容，當(dāng)前中國把推動文化產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展上升到國家戰(zhàn)略的高度。同西方傳媒制度轉(zhuǎn)型相比，中國傳媒制度轉(zhuǎn)型還有很大的差距。研究西方傳媒制度轉(zhuǎn)型，對于中國傳媒制度轉(zhuǎn)型具有重要的借鑒意義。本文力圖從新制度經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)的視角研究西方傳媒制度轉(zhuǎn)型的內(nèi)在機(jī)理、轉(zhuǎn)型的路徑選擇以及政府在傳媒制度轉(zhuǎn)型中的作用。 當(dāng)前傳媒制度轉(zhuǎn)型是在新技術(shù)快速發(fā)展背景下的轉(zhuǎn)型，諾斯認(rèn)為發(fā)明和創(chuàng)新的個人收益和社會收益之間始終存在著巨大的差距，技術(shù)是建立在知識提前累積的基礎(chǔ)上的，除非基礎(chǔ)知識存量增長，否則新技術(shù)發(fā)明最終將陷于收益遞減�？梢娦录夹g(shù)雖然推動了傳媒業(yè)的發(fā)展，但新技術(shù)的貢獻(xiàn)遠(yuǎn)沒有想象得那么大，制度轉(zhuǎn)型創(chuàng)造了新技術(shù)持續(xù)發(fā)展的環(huán)境。德姆塞茨認(rèn)為技術(shù)變化需要事先建立一套產(chǎn)權(quán)，這樣可以提高發(fā)明和創(chuàng)新的私人收益率。利益機(jī)制的驅(qū)使導(dǎo)致傳媒制度轉(zhuǎn)型，這種轉(zhuǎn)型是制度參與主體——政府、傳媒企業(yè)及多方參與者反復(fù)博弈的結(jié)果。制度轉(zhuǎn)型同時也引發(fā)了傳媒業(yè)的一系列變化，競爭、壟斷、管制、多樣化四大問題彼此關(guān)聯(lián)且相互沖突，處理和協(xié)調(diào)這些矛盾是西方傳媒制度轉(zhuǎn)型的核心任務(wù)。西方各國傳媒制度都處于市場經(jīng)濟(jì)環(huán)境下，制度轉(zhuǎn)型的方式和程度卻不相同，傳媒制度模式選擇和歷史文化背景是影響制度轉(zhuǎn)型路徑的重要因素。政府作為制度的主要供給者，在傳媒制度轉(zhuǎn)型中對路徑選擇和推進(jìn)次序發(fā)揮著重要作用。 本文首先梳理出能夠解釋和說明西方傳媒制度轉(zhuǎn)型的相關(guān)理論，并對新制度經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)的制度變遷理論、路徑依賴?yán)碚摰然締栴}進(jìn)行闡述。接著闡述了傳媒制度相關(guān)概念、以及西方傳媒制度轉(zhuǎn)型歷程。探討了傳媒制度轉(zhuǎn)型的內(nèi)在機(jī)理，制度主體對制度的需求源于相對價格的變化而產(chǎn)生新的利益機(jī)制，對利益機(jī)制的追求使傳媒主體對制度需求和供給發(fā)生變化，這種供給和需求的非均衡決定了制度的轉(zhuǎn)型，制度的出臺令這種轉(zhuǎn)型達(dá)到一種短期的均衡。西方傳媒制度轉(zhuǎn)型是誘致性變遷為主導(dǎo)的轉(zhuǎn)型，是制度主體反復(fù)博弈下的理性預(yù)期。本文進(jìn)一步探討了傳媒制度轉(zhuǎn)型的路徑依賴性質(zhì)，非正式制度對正式制度具有深刻的影響。傳媒業(yè)特殊的屬性決定了政府必須對傳媒業(yè)進(jìn)行規(guī)制，政府作為強(qiáng)制性制度創(chuàng)新的主體，，在傳媒業(yè)制度轉(zhuǎn)型和制度創(chuàng)新中具有重要的作用。本文在理論分析的基礎(chǔ)上通過案例分析，對比美國廣播電視業(yè)的制度轉(zhuǎn)型及日本動漫產(chǎn)業(yè)興起的制度轉(zhuǎn)型，印證了西方傳媒制度轉(zhuǎn)型是誘致性制度變遷為主導(dǎo)的制度轉(zhuǎn)型。日本受到美國傳媒制度的影響，但是對傳媒的規(guī)制更加嚴(yán)格，因此日本傳媒制度轉(zhuǎn)型的路徑選擇和歐美不同，制度選擇在轉(zhuǎn)型成本最小的部分首先突破，動漫產(chǎn)業(yè)和意識形態(tài)的關(guān)聯(lián)相對較弱，轉(zhuǎn)型成本較低，因此日本選擇在動漫業(yè)首先放松規(guī)制，推動了動漫產(chǎn)業(yè)的發(fā)展，使日本成為世界動漫強(qiáng)國。最后總結(jié)本文觀點(diǎn)，提出我國傳媒制度需要進(jìn)行改革，把文化產(chǎn)業(yè)從文化事業(yè)中剝離出來，建立一套適合市場經(jīng)濟(jì)的產(chǎn)權(quán)制度，進(jìn)行市場化運(yùn)營，才能提高傳媒產(chǎn)業(yè)效率，制度轉(zhuǎn)型和制度重構(gòu)應(yīng)當(dāng)并舉。 本文的創(chuàng)新點(diǎn)在于從影響傳媒制度需求和影響傳媒制度供給的因素分析，新技術(shù)的變化引發(fā)了對傳媒制度轉(zhuǎn)型的需求，制度供給不足是傳媒制度的常態(tài)，制度供給和制度需求的變化引起制度的非均衡，制度因此發(fā)生轉(zhuǎn)型，制度轉(zhuǎn)型深層的原因是整個社會的利益格局發(fā)生調(diào)整。西方傳媒制度轉(zhuǎn)型是誘致性變遷為主導(dǎo)的轉(zhuǎn)型，是制度主體反復(fù)博弈下的理性預(yù)期。在傳媒制度轉(zhuǎn)型的過程中，放松規(guī)制是傳媒制度轉(zhuǎn)型的趨勢，而西方各國制度轉(zhuǎn)型的方式和內(nèi)容各不相同，本文分析了西方主要國家傳媒制度模式選擇及歷史文化背景，指出非正式制度對傳媒制度的影響更為深刻。 本文采取理論分析和案例分析相結(jié)合的方法。傳媒制度轉(zhuǎn)型是一個龐大的體系，對傳媒制度轉(zhuǎn)型進(jìn)行研究，首先，要對傳媒制度轉(zhuǎn)型理論和新制度經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)相關(guān)理論進(jìn)行梳理歸納；然后，采用新制度經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)的制度變遷理論、路徑依賴?yán)碚摷罢?guī)制理論對傳媒制度轉(zhuǎn)型進(jìn)行分析。本文也十分重視案例研究，通過對美國廣播電視業(yè)和日本動漫產(chǎn)業(yè)的分析，印證了本文的結(jié)論，同時本文采取了比較分析的方法，通過對傳媒制度轉(zhuǎn)型歷程的研究，可以縱向比較西方傳媒制度的發(fā)展歷程和轉(zhuǎn)型趨勢，通過對不同國家、不同類型傳媒制度的比較，可以橫向比較各種制度轉(zhuǎn)型的相同和差異。
[Abstract]:The rapid development of the new media technology, especially the development of the Internet, has subverted the traditional media pattern and influenced the future development of the media. The media industry is entering a new stage of development. The media industry is experiencing a lot of transformation, and the media system is in transformation at all levels of the media industry, and the system transformation is when it is changed. The basic aspect of the development of the former international media industry. Institutional transformation is also an important content of Chinese media reform. The current China has promoted the development of the cultural industry to the national strategy. Compared with the transformation of the western media system, the transformation of the media system in China has a large gap. This paper tries to study the internal mechanism of the transformation of the western media system, the path choice of the transformation and the role of the government in the transformation of the media system from the perspective of new institutional economics.
The transformation of the current media system is in the context of the rapid development of new technology. North believes that there is a huge gap between the individual income and social benefits of invention and innovation. Technology is based on the accumulation of knowledge ahead of time, unless the stock of basic knowledge increases, otherwise the new technology inventions will eventually fall into diminishing returns. Although the new technology has promoted the development of the media industry, the contribution of the new technology is far from being imagined. The transformation of the system has created the environment for the continuous development of new technology. Demsetz believes that the technological change needs to establish a set of property rights in advance so that the private income rate of invention and innovation can be improved. The drive of interest mechanism leads to the media system. The transformation is the result of the repeated game between the government, the media enterprise and the multiparty participants. The transformation of the system has also triggered a series of changes in the media industry. The four major issues of competition, monopoly, regulation and diversification are related and conflicting with each other. The core of the transformation of the western media system is to deal with and coordinate these contradictions. The media system in the western countries is in the market economy environment, the mode and degree of institutional transformation are different. The choice of the media system mode and the historical and cultural background are the important factors that affect the path of the system transformation. As the main provider of the system, the government plays an important role in the path selection and the order of promotion in the transformation of the media system. Use.
This article first combs the relevant theories that can explain and explain the transformation of the western media system, expounds the basic problems of the institutional change theory of the new institutional economics, the path dependence theory, and then expounds the related concepts of the media system, as well as the transformation calendar of the western media system, and probes into the internal mechanism of the transformation of the media system, and the system of the transformation of the media system. The demand of the degree subject to the system originates from the change of relative price and produces a new interest mechanism. The pursuit of the interest mechanism makes the media subject change the demand and supply of the system. The imbalance between supply and demand determines the transformation of the system. The introduction of the system makes this transformation reach a short-term equilibrium. The transformation of the western media system The transformation of induced change is the leading transformation, which is the rational expectation under the repeated game of the institutional subject. This paper further discusses the nature of the path dependence of the transformation of the media system. The informal system has a profound influence on the formal system. The special attributes of the media industry determine that the government must regulate the media industry and the government is a compulsory system. The new subject has an important role in the system transformation and system innovation in the media industry. On the basis of the theoretical analysis, this paper compares the institutional transformation of the American radio and television industry and the institutional transformation of the rise of Japanese animation industry, and confirms that the transformation of the western media system is the institutional transition led by the induced institutional change. It is influenced by the American media system, but the regulation of the media is more strict. Therefore, the choice of the path of the transformation of the media system in Japan is different from that in Europe and America. The choice of the system is the first breakthrough in the least part of the transformation cost, the correlation of the animation industry and ideology is relatively weak and the transformation cost is low. Therefore, Japan chooses the first place in the animation industry. In the end, the Chinese media system needs to be reformed, the cultural industry should be stripped out of the cultural industry, the establishment of a set of property rights system suitable for the market economy and the market operation, can the efficiency of the media industry be improved and the system turn to the system. The reconstruction of the type and system should be combined.
The innovation point of this article is from the factors that affect the demand of the media system and the influence of the supply of the media system. The change of the new technology leads to the demand for the transformation of the media system. The shortage of the system is the normal state of the media system. The changes in the system supply and system demand cause the imbalance of the system, so the system is transformed and the system transformation is deep. The reason is the adjustment of the interests pattern of the whole society. The transformation of the western media system is the leading transformation of the induced change. It is the rational expectation under the repeated game of the institutional subject. In the process of the transformation of the media system, the relaxation of regulation is the trend of the transformation of the media system, and the mode and content of the system transformation in the western countries are different, This paper analyzes the choice of media system mode and historical and cultural background of the major western countries, and points out that the influence of informal institutions on the media system is more profound.
This paper adopts the method of combining theoretical analysis with case analysis. The transformation of the media system is a huge system and studies the transformation of the media system. First, we should sort out the theory of the transformation of the media system and the related theories of the new institutional economics; then, adopt the theory of institutional change of new degree economics and the theory of path dependence. And the theory of government regulation analysis the transformation of the media system. This article also attaches great importance to the case study. Through the analysis of the American radio and television industry and the Japanese animation industry, this paper has confirmed the conclusion of this article. At the same time, this paper has taken a comparative analysis method, through the study of the transformation process of the media system, the western media system can be compared longitudinally. Through the comparison of different countries and different types of media systems, we can compare the similarities and differences of various institutional transformation.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：河北大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：G206-F

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