【摘要】：改革開放三十多年以來,中國經(jīng)濟實現(xiàn)了跨越式增長,取得了舉世矚目的成就。但伴隨經(jīng)濟步入新常態(tài)的是收入差距的全方位擴大。收入分配格局的總體失衡已經(jīng)成為我國全面深化改革所面臨過的一大挑戰(zhàn),是我國經(jīng)濟穩(wěn)定發(fā)展和構(gòu)建和諧社會亟需解決的重大問題。與居民收入差距的擴大趨勢幾乎并行的是,我國要素收入分配格局近年來在不斷向資本傾斜,體現(xiàn)了目前政府、企業(yè)、居民三方利益分配失衡。初次分配的平等程度關(guān)系到廣大勞動者的收入狀況與福利水平,對總體不平等具有支配性作用,這為從初次分配視角研究居民收入不平等提供了契機。與此同時,我國金融改革正處在結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整、金融深化的階段,伴隨資金配置效率的提高,金融發(fā)展勢必會影響收入分配狀況。在此背景下,本文以初次分配和金融發(fā)展為切入點,研究兩者對居民收入不平等的影響。首先,本文在回顧國內(nèi)外相關(guān)文獻的基礎(chǔ)上,從要素市場的直接影響和宏觀經(jīng)濟運行的間接影響分析了金融發(fā)展對居民收入不平等的作用機制,并從要素稟賦角度和微觀個體收入來源角度構(gòu)建了初次分配與個體收入不平等的理論模型。其次,對我國收入分配和金融發(fā)展的現(xiàn)狀及趨勢進行了細致的描繪和分析,并對省際基尼系數(shù)和勞動收入份額這兩個核心變量進行重新測算。之后,在實證部分主要選取了我國1995-2013年27個地區(qū)的省際面板數(shù)據(jù),同時引入經(jīng)濟發(fā)展水平、對外開放、人力資本、城市化率等控制變量建立固定效應(yīng)模型,對初次分配和金融發(fā)展的交互作用進行探討。同時,為了深入研究模型的非線性關(guān)系及避免人為劃分金融水平的偏誤,又采用面板門檻回歸模型,研究金融發(fā)展是否有結(jié)構(gòu)性變化及功能性收入分配對個體收入差距的影響方向及程度。另外,還評估了收入分配領(lǐng)域勞動力市場制度的三個相關(guān)政策效果。實證結(jié)果顯示:第一,提高我國勞動收入份額有助于緩解居民收入不平等,而現(xiàn)階段金融發(fā)展會擴大居民收入差距。第二,初次分配與金融發(fā)展的交互作用顯著,二者共同對基尼系數(shù)產(chǎn)生影響,主要體現(xiàn)在金融發(fā)展水平由低到高,勞動收入占比縮小居民收入差距的能力由強轉(zhuǎn)弱。第三,門檻回歸結(jié)果顯示,金融發(fā)展對收入不平等的門檻效應(yīng)顯著,并且國民初次分配格局失衡是造成我國居民收入差距擴大的主要原因。第四,三個政策的確發(fā)揮了調(diào)節(jié)收入分配差距的作用,但并未在初次分配領(lǐng)域達到預期效果。最后,本文提出了縮小收入差距的幾點政策建議,如發(fā)展普惠金融、提高低收入者勞動報酬及農(nóng)村人力資本投資等。
[Abstract]:Since the reform and opening up more than 30 years ago, China's economy has achieved leapfrog growth and made remarkable achievements. But along with the economy into the new normal is the income gap all-directional expansion. The overall imbalance of income distribution pattern has become a great challenge to deepen the reform in an all-round way in our country. It is also an important problem that needs to be solved for the stable development of our economy and the construction of a harmonious society. In parallel with the widening trend of resident income gap, the distribution pattern of factor income in our country has been inclined to capital in recent years, which reflects the imbalance of interest distribution among government, enterprise and resident at present. The degree of equality in initial distribution is related to the income status and welfare level of the broad masses of workers and has a dominant effect on the overall inequality, which provides an opportunity to study the income inequality of residents from the perspective of initial distribution. At the same time, China's financial reform is in the stage of structural adjustment and financial deepening. With the improvement of the efficiency of the allocation of funds, the financial development is bound to affect the income distribution. In this context, this paper studies the impact of primary distribution and financial development on income inequality. First of all, based on the review of relevant literature at home and abroad, this paper analyzes the mechanism of financial development on income inequality from the direct impact of factor market and the indirect impact of macroeconomic operation. The theoretical model of primary distribution and individual income inequality is constructed from the angle of factor endowment and micro income source. Secondly, the current situation and trend of income distribution and financial development in China are described and analyzed in detail, and the two core variables of inter-provincial Gini coefficient and labor income share are recalculated. Then, in the empirical part, we select the inter-provincial panel data of 27 regions from 1995 to 2013, at the same time introduce the economic development level, opening to the outside world, human capital, urbanization rate and other control variables to establish a fixed effect model. The interaction between initial distribution and financial development is discussed. At the same time, in order to deeply study the nonlinear relationship of the model and avoid the bias of artificially dividing the financial level, the panel threshold regression model is adopted. This paper studies whether there are structural changes in financial development and the impact of functional income distribution on individual income gap. In addition, three related policy effects of labor market system in income distribution field are evaluated. The empirical results show that: first, increasing the share of labor income helps to alleviate the income inequality, while the current financial development will widen the income gap. Second, the interaction between initial distribution and financial development is significant, both of them have an impact on Gini coefficient, mainly reflected in the financial development level from low to high, labor income ratio to reduce the ability of income gap from strong to weak. Third, the threshold regression results show that the threshold effect of financial development on income inequality is significant, and the imbalance of national initial distribution pattern is the main reason for the widening of income gap in China. Fourth, the three policies did play the role of adjusting income distribution gap, but did not achieve the desired results in the initial distribution area. Finally, this paper puts forward some policy suggestions for narrowing the income gap, such as developing inclusive finance, improving the labor remuneration of low-income people and investing in rural human capital.
【學位授予單位】：浙江工商大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：F124.7

【參考文獻】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前10條

1 方杰;溫忠麟;梁東梅;李霓霓;;基于多元回歸的調(diào)節(jié)效應(yīng)分析[J];心理科學;2015年03期

2 徐藹婷;;勞動收入份額及其變化趨勢[J];統(tǒng)計研究;2014年04期

3 郭慶旺;呂冰洋;;論要素收入分配對居民收入分配的影響[J];中國社會科學;2012年12期

4 李琦;;中國勞動份額再估計[J];統(tǒng)計研究;2012年10期

5 周明海;姚先國;;功能性和規(guī)模性收入分配的內(nèi)在聯(lián)系:模式比較與理論構(gòu)建[J];經(jīng)濟學動態(tài);2012年09期

6 周明海;姚先國;肖文;;功能性與規(guī)模性收入分配:研究進展和未來方向[J];世界經(jīng)濟文匯;2012年03期

7 田衛(wèi)民;;省域居民收入基尼系數(shù)測算及其變動趨勢分析[J];經(jīng)濟科學;2012年02期

8 張亞斌;吳江;馮迪;;勞動收入份額的地區(qū)差異實證研究——來自中國省級面板數(shù)據(jù)的證據(jù)[J];經(jīng)濟地理;2011年09期

9 程開明;;聚集抑或擴散——城市規(guī)模影響城鄉(xiāng)收入差距的理論機制及實證分析[J];經(jīng)濟理論與經(jīng)濟管理;2011年08期

10 胡志軍;劉宗明;龔志民;;中國總體收入基尼系數(shù)的估計:1985—2008[J];經(jīng)濟學(季刊);2011年04期

，

本文編號：2269347