【摘要】：傳統(tǒng)制造模式創(chuàng)造了大量的物質(zhì)財(cái)富,可是由于資源利用效率相對(duì)較低,同時(shí)產(chǎn)生了大量的廢棄物。由于近代人類大量使用化學(xué)燃料,如石油、煤炭、天然氣等,使得大氣中二氧化碳的濃度在過(guò)去100多年里由270毫升每立方米上升到350毫升每立方米,到21世紀(jì)中期將達(dá)到600毫升每立方米。由此產(chǎn)生的大氣污染、水體污染和土壤污染等直接影響到人類的生存問(wèn)題,如近些年來(lái)的海嘯、霧霾等惡劣天氣等都是環(huán)境污染的直接后果。大量廢棄物的產(chǎn)生加劇了社會(huì)資源的短缺,環(huán)境與人類的矛盾要求制造業(yè)遵循與環(huán)境相容的原則。 綠色制造是一個(gè)綜合考慮環(huán)境影響和資源效率的現(xiàn)代制造模式,其社會(huì)收益遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)大于私人收益。而單純的市場(chǎng)機(jī)制不能為綠色制造模式提供公平競(jìng)爭(zhēng)和生存的環(huán)境,因此政府就有必要采取一定的措施來(lái)彌補(bǔ)市場(chǎng)機(jī)制的缺陷,在對(duì)綠色制造商綠色度評(píng)價(jià)的基礎(chǔ)上,采取相應(yīng)的激勵(lì)和監(jiān)管策略,從而減少污染物排放和資源能源的浪費(fèi),進(jìn)而改善人類的生存環(huán)境,實(shí)現(xiàn)可持續(xù)發(fā)展。綠色制造商評(píng)價(jià)與政府監(jiān)管策略作為一項(xiàng)較為復(fù)雜的決策問(wèn)題,在實(shí)際評(píng)價(jià)與監(jiān)管中,涉及的因素復(fù)雜、指標(biāo)較多,要對(duì)綠色制造商的綠色度進(jìn)行準(zhǔn)確評(píng)估是不容易的,往往只能給出不精確的、模糊的評(píng)估,即決策信息是模糊的。本文引入模糊理論在一定程度上解決了這個(gè)問(wèn)題,有關(guān)政府與綠色制造商之間博弈的研究,采用模糊數(shù)代替精確數(shù)也會(huì)更符合實(shí)際情況。 本文首先從對(duì)綠色制造商評(píng)價(jià)的管理意義和作用著手,在對(duì)傳統(tǒng)制造商評(píng)價(jià)的基礎(chǔ)上,綜合考慮綠色指標(biāo),對(duì)綠色制造商的產(chǎn)品綠色度進(jìn)行了綜合評(píng)價(jià)。在評(píng)價(jià)指標(biāo)的選取上,建立了目標(biāo)層、準(zhǔn)則層、指標(biāo)層等三層評(píng)價(jià)體系；在指標(biāo)權(quán)重的處理上,采取了模糊理論與層次分析法相結(jié)合的方法,采用模糊理論中的三角模糊數(shù)對(duì)判斷矩陣進(jìn)行模糊化處理；在建立評(píng)判矩陣的時(shí)候,分別對(duì)定量指標(biāo)和定性指標(biāo)采取不同的方法,對(duì)定量指標(biāo)采用半梯形分布與梯形分布來(lái)確定其隸屬度函數(shù),對(duì)于定性指標(biāo),采用對(duì)專家評(píng)判進(jìn)行模糊化處理來(lái)確定其隸屬度向量,從而得到三角模糊評(píng)判矩陣；最后利用模糊層次分析法對(duì)三層評(píng)價(jià)體系進(jìn)行集成,最終得到綠色制造商的綜合評(píng)價(jià)層級(jí)和最終得分。 其次,在政府對(duì)綠色制造商的產(chǎn)品綠色度進(jìn)行模糊評(píng)價(jià)的基礎(chǔ)上,建立了政府與綠色制造商的模糊博弈模型。通過(guò)對(duì)各不同數(shù)據(jù)的分析,對(duì)政府與綠色制造商的不同策略進(jìn)行討論,根據(jù)各個(gè)數(shù)據(jù)指標(biāo)策略的不同,將博弈結(jié)果分為純策略納什均衡和混合策略納什均衡兩類。通過(guò)對(duì)博弈均衡的綜合分析,討論了最理想的均衡結(jié)果(不檢查,采取)和相應(yīng)的管理策略；然后利用三角結(jié)構(gòu)元方法對(duì)具體實(shí)例分為純策略和混合策略兩種情況進(jìn)行分析求解,從而驗(yàn)證了分析結(jié)果的正確性和可行性。最后,綜合前面的討論對(duì)政府的監(jiān)管策略和綠色制造商的管理策略進(jìn)行了總結(jié),并給出了若干針對(duì)性的實(shí)施建議。
[Abstract]:Traditional manufacturing models have created a lot of material wealth, but because of the relatively inefficient use of resources and a large amount of waste, the concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere has risen from 270 milliliters per cubic meter to 350 milliliters in the past 100 years due to the extensive use of chemical fuels such as oil, coal, natural gas, etc. Every cubic metre will reach 600 milliliters per cubic metre by the middle of the 21st century. The resulting air pollution, water pollution and soil pollution directly affect human survival problems, such as tsunamis, haze and other adverse weather in recent years are the direct consequences of environmental pollution. The contradiction between environment and human beings requires the manufacturing industry to follow the principle of environmental compatibility.
Green manufacturing is a modern manufacturing mode which considers both environmental impact and resource efficiency. Its social benefits are far greater than private benefits. However, the pure market mechanism can not provide a fair competition and living environment for green manufacturing mode. Therefore, the government must take certain measures to make up for the shortcomings of the market mechanism. On the basis of manufacturer's greenness evaluation, relevant incentive and supervision strategies are adopted to reduce pollutant emissions and waste of resources and energy, thereby improving human living environment and achieving sustainable development. It is not easy to evaluate the green degree of green manufacturer accurately because the factors are complex and the indexes are many. It can only give an inaccurate and fuzzy evaluation, that is, the decision information is fuzzy. Number instead of exact number will be more realistic.
This paper begins with the management significance and function of the green manufacturer evaluation, and comprehensively considers the green index on the basis of the traditional manufacturer evaluation. In the processing, the fuzzy theory and the analytic hierarchy process are combined to fuzzify the judgment matrix, and the triangular fuzzy number in the fuzzy theory is used to fuzzify the judgment matrix. The membership function of green manufacturer is defined by fuzzy treatment of expert judgment to determine its membership vector, and the triangular fuzzy judgment matrix is obtained. Finally, the fuzzy analytic hierarchy process is used to integrate the three-tier evaluation system, and the comprehensive evaluation hierarchy and final score of green manufacturer are obtained.
Secondly, based on the government's fuzzy evaluation of green manufacturer's product greenness, a fuzzy game model between government and green manufacturer is established. Different strategies between government and green manufacturer are discussed through the analysis of different data, and the game results are divided into pure strategies according to the different strategies of each data index. Nash Equilibrium and Mixed Strategy Nash Equilibrium are classified. Through the comprehensive analysis of the game equilibrium, the optimal equilibrium result (not checked, adopted) and corresponding management strategy are discussed. Then the triangular structured element method is used to analyze and solve the two cases, which are pure strategy and mixed strategy, and the analysis results are verified. Finally, the government's supervision strategy and green manufacturer's management strategy are summarized based on the previous discussion, and some suggestions are given.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：江西財(cái)經(jīng)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：F224;D630;F124.5

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